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CSC00240 | Networking and Communication

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Southern Cross University

   

Data Communications and Networks (CSC00240)

   

Added on  2020-03-07

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CSC00240 - Question Answers based on Networking and Communication, 1. Research technologies in detail and pay specific attention to how they are used as well as the strengths and weaknesses of a given antenna. 2. Compare and contrast the multiplexing techniques CDMA and FDMA.

CSC00240 | Networking and Communication

   

Southern Cross University

   

Data Communications and Networks (CSC00240)

   Added on 2020-03-07

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Running head: NETWORKING AND COMMUNICATIONNetworking and communicationName of the studentName of the UniversityAuthor Note
CSC00240 | Networking and Communication_1
1NETWORKING AND COMMUNICATIONAnswer to question 1:Antennas are termed as the basic requirements in an electric circuit as it helps to connectthe free space with transmitter equipment or the receiver equipment to the free space (Stutzman,& Thiele, 2012). There are different types of antennas that will be discussed in this section. Theyare:Log Periodic antennas (Bow Tie Antenna, Log-Periodic Dipole Array)Wire antennas (Short Dipole Antenna, Dipole Antenna, Monopole Antenna and LoopAntenna)Travelling wave antennas (Helical Antenna, Yagi-Uda Antenna)Microwave Antennas (Rectangular Micro strip Antenna, Planar Inverted-F Antenna)Reflector Antennas (Corner Reflector, Parabolic Reflector)A log-periodic antenna is a directional and multi-element antenna with a narrow beam. Theworking of this type of antenna is based on its special characteristics where the active region ofthe antenna shifts with a change in the frequency of operation (Hamidi et al., 2012). The mainadvantages of this antenna are the wide bandwidth and the presence of same radiation resistanceover a range of frequencies. However, these antennas have a very low gain. Wire antennas arealso termed as a curved or linear antenna, are very simple and used in various applications. Thedipole antenna as the name suggests, has two metallic rods, which acts as the radiating element.The major advantages of the wire antennas are the undistorted output and simple design.However, the disadvantages include the big size of the antenna.Travelling wave antennas are those types of antennas that use a guided mechanism for itsradiation properties. The working of this type of antenna includes the propagation of the waves
CSC00240 | Networking and Communication_2
2NETWORKING AND COMMUNICATIONalong its axis. The main advantages of are the high gain, high directivity and less waste of power.However, the disadvantage includes less noise resistance and less resistance to the atmosphere.Microwave antennas are those types of antennas, which operates at the range of microwavefrequencies (Hancock et al., 2013). The working of this type of antenna involves thetransmission of energy by the use of microwave radiations. The main advantages of theseantennas are the presence of larger bandwidth and lack of interference in coherent signals. Themain disadvantages are the high transit time and the limitation to line of sight communication.Reflector antennas are those antennas where the presence of a curved surface is a necessity forthe transmission and reception of the signals. The working of the antenna is achieved byimplementing the property of reflection of the signals and a feed to collect those signals. Theadvantage of this antenna is wide bandwidth and high gain while the disadvantages are therequirement of reflectors and drive element. The increased size and cost is also a hindrance to thestructure. The main antenna types used for long distance as well as medium range communicationsare the directional antennas. The directional antennas have a wide range of operation.Answer to question 2:Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) involves the process of multiplexing that helpsthe various signals to utilize a single transmission channel. The technology is basically used inUHF bands. This basic use of the bandwidth is achieved by assigning specific codes fortransmission to a specific user (Ghafouri-Shiraz & Karbassian, 2012). The various techniquesthat are used in this process are the direct sequence CDMA (DS-CDMA) or frequency hoppingtechniques. The codes are orthogonal to each other. This helps in facilitating the selection of
CSC00240 | Networking and Communication_3
3NETWORKING AND COMMUNICATIONspecific codes for transmission and reception. There is a presence of soft capacity in CDMA. Theusers have the same bandwidth, which are divided by codes. Thus, the operation of the CDMAprocess is done in the presence of interference and much noise. Frequency division multiple access (FDMA) involves a process where the bandwidthwhich is available is divided into channels with equal frequencies. These channels helps are thenused for transmission or reception (Ochiai, 2012). These processes include guard bands inbetween the channels to minimize the presence of interference. The specific channels, which aregiven to user, are transmitted and at the same time, the same channel is taken for reception. Thefirst generation of analog phones used this technique. Comparison between CDMA process and FDMA process (Patil, Karhe & Aher, 2012)CDMASimultaneous transmission of signals and same frequency is used.The narrowband signals are accompanied by wideband spreading.The codeword are unique and orthogonal to each other.The detected codes are analyzed in the receiver and others are detected as interference ornoise. The receiver needs to know the transmitter code.FDMAChannel is idle, when not used.The narrow bandwidth is a disadvantage of FDMA.Less equalization is needed for symbol spreading.FDMA is suitable for application in analog links.Interference is minimized by the use of tight filtering.
CSC00240 | Networking and Communication_4

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