Healthcare Safety and Promotion Programs

This assignment requires analyzing various studies and research papers on healthcare safety and promotion programs. The provided references include articles on infection control, health education, and antimicrobial resistance. The task involves identifying key points and summarizing the findings in a structured format. This exercise aims to develop critical thinking and analytical skills in understanding complex healthcare issues.

Health Promotion

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Effects of socio-economic influences on health ...................................................................1
1.3 Barriers to accessing healthcare............................................................................................2
1.2 Relevance of government sources on inequalities in health ................................................2
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................3
3.3 Importance of providing healthcare information to public ..................................................3
2.3 Role of routine in promoting healthy living .........................................................................4
3.1 Health beliefs relate to its theories........................................................................................5
3.2 Effects of potential conflicts with local industry .................................................................5
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................6
Covered in PPT...........................................................................................................................6
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................6
4.1 Plan a health promotion campaign to meet specific objectives ...........................................6
4.2 Health promotion campaign supports health promotion strategies.......................................8
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
In this modern era, there are several types of diseases and health issues are arising. It can
also affect individual's life style in an adverse manner. Therefore, it is essential for health care
associations to promote awareness among society as they can live healthy lifestyle. Health
promotion is a process which provide information to people about how to improve their health. It
moves beyond a focus on people attitudes towards vast array of ecological and social inventions
(Brobeck and et. al., 2011). NHS (national health service) is a selected organisation in this
present assignment; it is a public funded organisation which works for improving the living
standard of people. Apart from this, the report will be described different effects of socio-
economic impacts on health. Readers will also come to know different barriers which are
assessed on healthcare. In order to reduce health issues, health professionals have to use several
theories. Furthermore, a healthcare promotion campaign will be developed for accomplishment
of goals and objectives.
TASK 1
1.1 Effects of socio-economic influences on health
In this over dynamic environment, there are several socio-economic factors which can
affect which puts a huge impact on health in positive and negative manner. Therefore, it is
fundamental for health care professionals to recognise these factors and make approaches for the
same. There are defined several factors that can influence healthcare environment, such as-
increasing age of population, income level of people, changing lifestyle, genetic disposition.
However social impact also involves diet, using of tobacco, high cholesterol, physical activity,
increasing the amount of drug and alcohol between youngsters etc. can also affect people health
and generate various diseases (Aboumatar and et. al., 2012). Due to work pressure, individuals
are not able to give proper time physical activities; this can affect their mental health also, stress
level contribute in dangerous diseases, i.e. Cancer.
Apart from this, due to lack of income level individuals cannot spend huge money on
health activities as they would not go for regular check ups from doctors or other consultants.
Lower education status also put a huge impact on healthcare activities. There are several
environmental conditions also increases health inequalities; it identifies future health of people.
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However, due to lack of awareness also raised the amount of childhood death. Another risk
factor is behaviour aspects of adulthood, it increases among socio-economic groups.
In UK, young generation is tend towards tobacco use which affect people's health and
develop various diseases i.e. Cancer in small age groups (Allegranzi, Sax and Pittet, 2013). For
example- as per the survey it is analysed that approx 45% men and 33% women of high social
class are involved in smokers whereas 14% respectively in lowest social class. At last, 17% of
deaths are arises heart disease among society. Therefore, it is fundamental for Michael Marmot
to analyses these factors while formulating healthcare promotional campaign.
1.3 Barriers to accessing healthcare
As a public health and social care promoter, Michael Marmot needs to identifies several
barriers which can hamper the health promotion strategies and policies. There are different
barriers which prevents people in order to access health and social care, that are described as
under: - Healthcare cultural – Due to improper cultural of health and social care organisation,
there are various barriers can be occurred and affect the interest of people. For example-
if clients needs to fulfils strict terms and conditions while taking an appointment with
doctor then people would not prefer to come such places. Lack of proper information – Sometime, services providers cannot take proper
information from clients because of lack of communication between both parties (Sievert
and et. al., 2013). It also increases poor treatments and disputes in mind set of service
providers.
 Financial instability – Financial condition of people can also affect their health care
activities and practices. It results they cannot spend huge amount on health check ups and
treatments. It is one of the most imperative barriers which should assess in healthcare.
1.2 Relevance of government sources on inequalities in health
In healthcare environment, health inequalities refer systematic differences in health of
social groups. In UK, there are several government sources and legal authorities are highly
involved in collect and review more and more information about inequalities in health. It
contributes in determining priorities sectors for future policy evolvement in order to diminishes
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these equivalence among people. Along with this, the report determines the progress made
British government and its other agencies in order to implement the inquiry recommendations
(Liu and et. al., 2011). It assess that how government has to create as well as execute policies for
controlling health differences. With the assistance of the Acheson report, it addresses social
determinants, i.e. poverty, housing, unemployment, education, ethnicity etc. The report defines
these steps, such as -
 Define policies in order to ensure recommendations
 Monitor the policy context in specific content and timing of current policies
 Examine strategy development through tax and benefits reform, transport and
performance management.
 Considered interpretations in progress and provide suggestions for future policy making
Government has to reduces such differences within health care and at the same time it
should find out major pitfalls which are present in society such as- poor integration mechanisms.
In order to reduce health issues, Acheson report gives these suggestions, such are -
 All policies should be evaluated properly in terms of their future impact on the health of
people.
 Policies which are concerned with children health and families must be given higher
priorities.
 There is required to take another steps in order to eliminate inequalities in health
regarding the income level of people in UK, it results increase the living standard of
individuals.
TASK 2
3.3 Importance of providing healthcare information to public
It is essential for healthcare providers to render healthcare information to public in order
promote awareness among them. It helps people to recognise the cure diseases by medicines and
through guidance. With this assistance, if Ayesha provides information towards prevention from
different diseases, like high cholesterol, blood pressure and sugar. Along with this, health care
information helpful to make people educate so that they become aware about about future health
issues and problems (Zenzano and et. al., 2011). Hence, young generate get educated towards
health diseases which can be occurred due to poor living standards. In addition, refining health is
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subject to persons changing the manner they live to evade lifestyle diseases. Avoiding smoking
can play a vital role in avoiding health disorders such as cancers. Therefore, rather than
supporting them to recover from their health disorders by giving high cost medical treatments,
healthcare organisations can play a major role in providing health related information to the
public to prevent from the disorders to build the health industry more effective.
If people will be aware about health disorders which is occurred by living methods. In
addition, health prevention methods also provide information to society regarding healthy living
practices. It can reduce the chances of occupying health issues among people. Apart from this,
several people loses their financial stability and spend large money on tobacco and Alcohol.
Hence, a proper health promotional campaigns are able to diminishes conflicts and disputes
among society and boost up economic condition of people.
2.3 Role of routine in promoting healthy living
“A healthy lifestyle starts with healthy routine”. Healthy routine is a multi action activity,
it involves suitable dying patterns, alcohol habits, physical activities and further development
selections. It is necessary for individuals to adopt some exercise in order to live healthy life. This
is required to apply intellectuals in order to unaccustomed ideas for making successful and
getting best consequences. Selection of healthy diets and eating habits with proper exercise
would be assistive in lingering ailment; it results increasing in life durations of people. If people
have good health then they live for long term period (Al-Hamdi, Hassali and Ibrahim, 2012).
Therefore, healthy routine contains several aspects of growth in life, some in which people can
be occupied with no experiments. Whereas, people who continuously work and does not give
proper attention to health are always facing several issues and diseases in their health.
In this modern era, due to poor eating habits heart diseases are rapidly increasing among
people. For this, they need to keep follow an appropriate food patterns with less cholesterol.
Mostly people are avoiding fast foods and go for jogging in order to maintain good health. In
market, there is easily available low fat food products, i.e. oats and eggs, individuals can also
include them in their lifestyle. Although, say no to junk food is very probabilistic but it is must to
preserve a better health. A well lifestyle is a never ending procedure and significant for both
children and adults. Healthy lifestyle behaviours will condense your threat of getting sicknesses
individual will impresses healthier, have more vitality and avoid the risk of lingering diseases.
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3.1 Health beliefs relate to its theories
In this society, people have their own health beliefs and faith which are related with
healthcare theories. In this case study, it is believed that teenagers have to control their food
consumption habits and participate in physical activities. It helps them to live a healthy and an
effective lifestyle. In this perspective, there are various theories which can be implemented in
promotional campaign, such are stated as under: - Social cognitive theory – According to this theory, it is analysed that social experience
and observational learning plays a significant role in growth and development of health.
It states that an individual's actions including social behaviour in every situation should
be observed (Thompson and et. al., 2013). Because self efficacy is come from external
experience as well as as self perception. Social learning theory -The theory defines that skills and knowledge of people can be
developed within a group of people. In addition, social learning is rely upon people
succeed or fail while dynamic interactions. People can also learn from imitation,
observation and role modelling.
 Self concept theory – The theory seeks that youngsters can perceive and interpret health
issues from several clues that can be gathered through different external sources. Self
concept defined as learned, dynamic and organized environment.
3.2 Effects of potential conflicts with local industry
In today's scenario, there are several potential conflicts can be occurred between health
care sector and fast food industry. In this case study, Ayesha encountered the impact of health
care promotions on fast food industry. On the other hand, political conflicts are classified into
different categories, like psychological, geographical, physical, resource, financial and language
and cultural.
In which, physical barriers lead those services which are provided to clients. For
instance- when a service provider works in a particular shift then it is too difficult for clients to
get proper treatment whenever they require. Apart from this, psychological barriers involves,
generate a fear of losing freedom when individuals are reached at adult stage of life (Vanzetta
and et. al., 2012). It consists to make a perception about any specific thing. Due to financial
barriers changes can occur in service fee and transportation charges. British government
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allocates funds to health and social care, this can also increases financial conflicts in offering
quality service.
TASK 3
Covered in PPT
TASK 4
4.1 Plan a health promotion campaign to meet specific objectives
In order to promote health awareness among people, it is essential for health and social
care to prepare a plan. Below mentioned different stages of health promotional campaign of
NHS, such as-
(Source: Planning Health Promotion Programs, 2017)
Settings aims and objectives – The foremost step of healthcare promotion campaign is to
determine the major and objectives which they want to achieve. These aims and objectives
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Illustration 1: Healthcare promotional campaign

provide proper direction to working activities and promote health awareness with local
communities (Magill and et. al., 2012). There are described the major objectives of this health
promotion plan, such as-
 Generate awareness or education among people
 Prevent till health
 Improve fitness level
 To educate people about the importance of regular exercise.
 To rehabilitate smoking among children and women.
Determine the method of communication – Afterwards, health care professionals are
required to determine the method of communication through which they reached to large group
of people. It can be carried out through different seminars and workshops within universities and
colleges. Along with this, communication can be done through quiz competitions and debates
between students. NHS is prepared an attractive and effective poster and displayed it in every
university as well as public areas, i.e. railway and bus stations, airports, shopping malls etc.
Furthermore, social media campaigns is also a good way, it includes online quizzes.
Resource allocation – In order to build a healthcare promotion campaign it is essential
for healthcare experts to determine various resources to which are involved in it. These
resources are – venue, time, budget and health care experts and parents (Board, 2012). For
example – in terms of financial resources it is necessary for HSC associations to identify various
areas from where they can generate funds, I..e creditors, investors, bank loans etc. in order to
make effective completion of working activities.
Developing strategies – In this stage, proper strategies should be created by HSC experts
which are capable to compete with external environment. For effective implementation of
healthcare programmes, UK government formulate various strategies and policies in order to
reduce health issues within society, such as- increase cigarette and tobacco costs.
Implement the plan and monitor the progress – At last, the overall plan would be implemented
within HSC centre. In addition, it is necessary for professionals to gather information and
statistical data upon smoking habits and determine its progress before regulation of campaign.
Then, again re-collect data through online surveys after implementation of promotional
campaign.
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4.2 Health promotion campaign supports health promotion strategies
As per the above healthcare promotion campaign, doctors and nurses can easily develop
their strategies and policies. It helps them to deliver accurate message to people in an effective
manner. In other words, strategies are developed in order to reach maximum number of people in
a minimum time limit. Health promotional strategies are developed through banners or posters
and its aim is to improve national health in an effective manner (Dudeck and et. al., 2011).
Environmental behaviour, lifestyle, cultural attitudes and political impacts are the key elements
which must include in these healthcare campaigns. It can be done through either online or offline
channels. Although, such promotional campaign should emphasis on health strategies. For
example- promotion campaign must based upon several approaches and practices which are
able to improve the health of people and reduce the use of tobacco. Hence, it is fundamental to
understand these rules and develop appropriate promotion plans.
CONCLUSION
From the above mentioned report, it is summarised that healthcare promotion is a
fundamental activity for every healthcare association. It helps people to get aware about their
health issues and problems. Along with this, there are several socio-economic influences, such
as- income level of people, poverty, education level etc. put a huge impact on health. In addition,
physical, financial, geographical and psychological barriers can access into healthcare
environment. On the other hand, individuals need to include a healthy routine in their lifestyle so
as to live healthy life. It is essential for health care professionals to adopt a healthcare
promotional campaign in order to achieve their goals and objectives in a certain time period.
REFERENCES
Books and Journal
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Aboumatar, H. and et. al., 2012. Infection prevention promotion program based on the
PRECEDE model: improving hand hygiene behaviors among healthcare
personnel. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology. 33(2). pp.144-151.
Al-Hamdi, A. Y., Hassali, M. A. A. and Ibrahim, M. I. M., 2012. Impact of pharmaceutical
promotion on healthcare professional’s practices and behaviour: views from general
practitioners, medicine dispensers and medical representatives in Yemen. Journal of
Medical Marketing. 12(4). pp.240-246.
Allegranzi, B., Sax, H. and Pittet, D., 2013. Hand hygiene and healthcare system change within
multi-modal promotion: a narrative review. Journal of Hospital Infection. 83. pp.S3-
S10.
Board, E. S. C., 2012. Relations between professional medical associations and healthcare
industry, concerning scientific communication and continuing medical education: a
policy statement from the European Society of Cardiology. Revista Portuguesa de
Cardiologia (English Edition). 31(7). pp.529-538.
Brobeck, E. and et. al., 2011. Primary healthcare nurses’ experiences with motivational
interviewing in health promotion practice. Journal of clinical nursing. 20(23‐24..
pp.3322-3330.
Dudeck, M. A. and et. al., 2011. National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) report, data
summary for 2009, device-associated module. American journal of infection control.
39(5). pp.349-367.
Liu, C. and et. al., 2011. Clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of
America for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in
adults and children. Clinical infectious diseases. 52(3). pp.e18-e55.
Magill, S. S. and et. al., 2012. Prevalence of healthcare-associated infections in acute care
hospitals in Jacksonville, Florida. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology. 33(3).
pp.283-291.
Park, S. Y., Yang, Y. J. and Kim, Y., 2011. Effects of nutrition education using a ubiquitous
healthcare (u-Health) service on metabolic syndrome in male workers. Korean Journal
of Nutrition. 44(3). pp.231-242.
Sievert, D. M. and et. al., 2013. Antimicrobial-resistant pathogens associated with healthcare-
associated infections summary of data reported to the National Healthcare Safety
Network at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2009–2010. Infection
Control & Hospital Epidemiology. 34(1). pp.1-14.
Thompson, M. G. and et. al., 2013. Potential influence of seasonal influenza vaccination
requirement versus traditional vaccine promotion strategies on unvaccinated healthcare
personnel. Vaccine. 31(37). pp.3915-3921.
Vanzetta, M. and et. al., 2012. Online information supplied by Italian Hospitals and Local
Healthcare Units: a descriptive research on their compliance with the guidelines issued
by the Italian Ministry of Health. Annali di igiene: medicina preventiva e di comunita.
24(6). pp.507-516.
Wise, M. E. and et. al., 2011. Transmission of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza to healthcare
personnel in the United States. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 52(suppl_1). pp.S198-
S204.
Zenzano, T. and et. al., 2011. The roles of healthcare professionals in implementing clinical
prevention and population health. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 40(2).
pp.261-267.
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Online
Planning Health Promotion Programs, 2017. [Online]. Available through:
<http://slideplayer.com/slide/9543000/>.
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