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Normalization: A Comprehensive Analysis of Database Design Principles

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Added on 2024/07/01

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This report delves into the fundamental principles of database normalization, exploring the concepts of First Normal Form (1NF), Second Normal Form (2NF), and Third Normal Form (3NF). It utilizes a practical example to illustrate the process of normalization, demonstrating how to decompose a relation into a set of 3NF relations. The report further presents a relational schema and an Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) to visualize the relationships between the normalized tables. By applying these principles, we aim to achieve a well-structured and efficient database design, minimizing data redundancy and ensuring data integrity.

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ITC 556
Assessment item 3
Normalization
Student Name – Murali Krishna Palle
Student ID- 11593385
Table of Contents

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First Normal Form........................................................................................................................... 3
Second Normal Form.......................................................................................................................4
Third Normal Form..........................................................................................................................5
Relational Schema...........................................................................................................................6
Entity Relationship Diagram........................................................................................................... 8
References........................................................................................................................................9
1

Task
2

Dependency diagram to show the functional dependencies in the relation
According to Coronel & Morris (2016), Functional dependencies are discussed in this report that
is fully functional, partial and transitive dependencies. The 1st NF, 2nd NF, 3rd NF, Relational
Schema and Entity Relationship Diagram for the above task have been presented in it.
First Normal Form
Figure 1: Dependency Diagram
The dependency diagram is presented in the figure 1 which shows the partial dependencies as
well as fully functional dependency. This is 1NF presentation as there is no redundant data and
the atomicity of the information is preserved (Thalheim, 2013).
3

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Second Normal Form
Figure 2: 2 Normalization Form
This figure presents the 2NF representation of database. This has eradicated the partial
dependency through separating one table from another.
4

Third Normal Form
Figure 3: 3Normalization Form
The 3rd normal form is presented in the figure 3rd that have Now there are three tables which are
in perfect normal form which have no partial or transitive dependencies. There is no transitive
dependency present in the 2nd NF, therefore both the 3rd NF and 2nd NF for the task is same.
Decompose the relation into a set of 3NF relations
3NF Relations
Meeting ID Meeting Date Meeting Time Meeting Venue
1 24/1/2018 11:40 am Library
2 25/1/2018 10:30 am Trail St
3 26/1/2018 9:00 am Blessed Bean
5

Person ID Status
KC Yes
YA No
DD Yes
IA Yes
AK Yes
Event ID User ID Rating
1 IA 3
1 DD 4
1 KC 2
2 IA 5
2 DD 4
2 KC 2
3 AK 3
3 DD 3
3 IA 2
6

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Relational Schema
The relationship among the tables is presented with the help of relational schema. The relation
between the Meeting table, Event table and Person table are presented in the figure 4.
Figure 4: Relational Schema and referential integrity for 3rd Normal Form
7

Table 1: Meeting
Meeting (Meeting_id, Meeting_date, Meeting_time, Meeting_venue)
Here the primary key is Meeting_id and there is no foreign key in this table.
Table 2: Event
Event (Event_id, Meeting_id, Person_id, Rating)
Here the primary key is Event_id and foreign keys are Meeting_id as well as Person_id.
Table 2: Person
Person (Person_id, Status)
In this table, the primary key is Person_id and there is no foreign key in it.
The table Event has connections with other table. With the help of foreign key constraint, Table
Meeting and Table Person are connected. The Event table and Meeting table has many to one
cardinality which is similar to the Event table with the Person table (Al-Masree, 2015).
8

Entity Relationship Diagram
Figure 5: Entity Relationship diagram
It presents the graphical representation of database. The entities, attributes and relationship
between them are represented graphically with the help of entity relationship diagram. The tables
are presented in the figure and their description is provided below (Elmasri & Navathe, 2016):
9

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References
 Al-Masree, H. K. (2015). Extracting Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) from relational
database schema. International Journal of Database Theory and Application, 8(3), 15-26.
 Coronel, C., & Morris, S. (2016). Database systems: design, implementation, &
management. Cengage Learning.
 Elmasri, R., & Navathe, S. (2016). Fundamentals of database systems. London: Pearson.
 Thalheim, B. (2013). Entity-relationship modeling: foundations of database technology.
Springer Science & Business Media.
10

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Normalization: A Comprehensive Analysis of Database Design Principles

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