Case study response template

NUR231 Task 2 Case study response template (The template wordcount of 188 is not
counted in your Task 2 response wordcount)
Type your responses into the boxes. They will expand as required.
Q1. Explain these terms and provide examples of what observation data could be charted to
represent these signs and symptoms (200 words)
Tachycardia is a health condition that increases the heart beat more than hundred times
every minute. There are different types of it such as supraventricular. This occurs when the
electrical indications in the organ's superior chambers fail and source the HR to speed up.
The patient senses palpitations (HealthDirect, 2018). Tachypnea is a medicinal term that
denotes to fast, shallow respiration. An absence of oxygen or high carbon dioxide in the
patient’s body is a mutual cause. The patient might feel shortness of breathing (NMHS,
2019). Angina is the chest pain or distress caused when the heart muscle does not get
sufficient oxygen-rich blood. Another health issue Jolene is affected by is Hypertension,
also recognised as high or elevated blood pressure, is an ailment in which patient’s blood
vessels have obstinately elevated pressure (Wee, Burns and Bett, 2015). Anxiety is the
sensation of unease, for example worry or anxiety, that can be minor or severe. Everyone
has anxiety at certain point in their lifespan. The patient might sense headache because of
this problem. Tremor is an instinctive, rhythmic muscle narrowing resulting in shaking
movements in one or additional parts of the body (Sunderland, Newby and Andrews,
2013).
The observation data can be charted as
Blood pressure (BP)= 130/85 mmHg (optimal) (>130/85 is tachycardia)
Respiration rate (RR)= Normal rate is 12-20- Breaths/ min (>20 is tachypnoea)
Pulse oximetry (SpO2) = 97-100 percent (normal), <90 % (emergency)
Q2. What immediate action would you take to assess and monitor these signs and
symptoms? (150 words)

Emergency nurses are responsible to take immediate action to asses and monitor patient’s
signs and symptoms. Being an emergency nurse, they must record Baseline observations as
part of patient’s admission assessment and recorded on the patient’s observation data
flowsheet. Continuing valuation of vital signs must be completed as specified for the
patient. It is obligatory to evaluate the ViCTOR graph every two hours or as patient illness
dictates to detect trending of vital signs and to support the process of clinical decision
making (Kennedy, Curtis and Waters, 2014). The emergency must check her blood
pressure regularly, identify any infection issues. the patient must also be asked if he has
pain in chest and the frequency of pain. During the assessment process the patient must
also be asked about any allergies she has. A nurse also checks skin condition, and bilateral
symmetry of chest expansion once the patient is on emergency ward. She must discuss
every aspect of patient’s health with physician before and after the assessment (Hoskins,
2011).
Q3. Explain the pathophysiology of Asthma (300 words)
Asthma includes several pathophysiologic aspects, counting bronchiolar inflammation with
air route constriction and confrontation that establishes as occurrences of coughing,
breathing shortness, and wheezing sounds. Asthma can impact the trachea, bronchi, and the
bronchioles. Swelling can happen even though clear signs and symptoms of the asthma
might not constantly occur (Severeasthma, 2019). Bronchospasms, the edema, extreme
mucus, and epithelial and the muscle impairment can result in bronchoconstriction with the
bronchospasm. Described as sharp narrowing of different bronchial smooth muscle, the
bronchospasm triggers the airways to contract; edema from the microvascular leakage
subsidises to airway contraction. Airway capillaries might widen and leak, increasing
discharges, which in turn sources edema and damages mucus clearance. This particular

health issue also may cause an upsurge in mucus-discharging cells with development of
mucus-producing glands. Augmented mucus secretion can source thick mucus plugs that
further block the air route. Damage to the epithelium might cause epithelial flaking, which
might result in excessive airway damage. Impairment to the epithelium’s barricade
function permits allergens to infiltrate, instigating the airways to turn out to be
hyperresponsive—a main feature of this health issue. The rate of hyperresponsiveness be
contingent largely on the degree of inflammation and the person’s immunologic reaction
(Australia, 2019). Asthma also sources loss of enzymes that usually break down the
inflammatory mediators, with resultant reflexive neural impacts from the sensory nerve
exposure. Deprived of proper management and control, asthma might source airway
remodelling resulting in alterations to cells and tissues in patient’s lower respiratory tract;
these alterations cause enduring fibrotic impairment. Such remodelling might be
irreparable, resulting in advanced loss of patient’s lung function and reduced response to
the treatment. asthma occurs from numerous host factors, environmental issues, or a
mixture. Host factors comprise gender, overweightness, and genetics (King et al., 2018).
Q4. Provide the generic details of these medications and explain their indication and action
(200 words)
Ventolin
Generic name: Albuterol 90 mcg/inh
Contains: hydrogluoroalkane
CFC free
Indication
For adults 2 inh every 4 to 6 hours should be provided. One must avoid its excessive use.
Action
The beta agonist activates beta adrenergic receptors on air routes smooth muscles resulting
in the activation of the adenyl cyclase and to the increase in the intracellular cyclic