Diabetes: Causes, Symptoms, and Prevention

This report provides information on diabetes, including its causes, symptoms, and prevention. It discusses the different types of diabetes and their symptoms, as well as the role of insulin and glucose in the body. The report also includes an action plan for raising awareness about diabetes and improving lifestyle practices.

Nursing 1

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
Rationale..........................................................................................................................................1
Action Plan.......................................................................................................................................5
REFLECTION.................................................................................................................................8
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Diabetes is a medical condition where a person's blood sugar or content high glucose.
Glucose if main source of energy in body. Most of the glucose comes from food people eat.
There is hormone which is known as Insulin helps the body to provide glucose to cells to use it
for energy. In condition of diabetes body of individual patient unable to generate enough insulin
to transfer sugar from blood to human cells (Chatterjee, Khunti and Davies, 2017). This is the
reason why blood sugar of blood increase more than required limits and cause different problem
in other body functions. This higher level of blood sugar can cause different problems to
individual person in routine life. The main problem with this disease or issue is that it can not be
cured. There is no any way to recover from these condition but there are certain steps can be
followed in order to minimise the issues that are caused by diabetes. The level of blood sugar can
be controlled under certain limits by various process of medical science. This report is briefly
providing information of Diabetes. The informative leaflet is providing information that is
related to the issues of diabetes and what are the problems and health concerns are related to
diabetes. This report is also discussing about different alternatives that can be used by individual
person in order to get rid of the problems caused by diabetes on the temporary basis. A Proper
action plan also discussed in report that can be used to make people more aware about diabetes
and reasons that cause this problem. Various preventions also will be discussed in the study.
Rationale
For the information there are different sources are possible. Each of the source is suitable
for different condition. To transfer effective information of diabetes to people of country. For
these case leaflet is selected for this purpose. This leaflet is consist of following On an
estimation there are 415 million people around world are living their life with diabetes. It is also
considered that one of the eleven people is suffering form diabetes. There are also 46 % people
around world are undiagnosed. It is aspected that this numeric figure of people who are suffering
form diabetes will reach to 642 million till 2040. That's why it is one of the main health concern
that need to be studied in order to make more people aware of this issue and improve their
lifestyle in order to prevent condition such as Diabetes. The number is of people that are
suffering from diabetes is still increasing (Bailey, 2016). There are some facts which are
provided by the world health organization for scenario of people with diabetes. In 1980 there
were 108 million people were suffering from diabetes and this number increase to 422 million in
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year 2014. This problem is now also affecting people over age of 18 years that is major concern
to the health care societies. This is just a problem of blood sugar but there are some issues which
are connected to this problem which are need to be consider in order to keep people healthy and
safe from diabetes. Major concern is related to the issue where a big part of adult generation is
diagnosed with Diabetes. The danger of diabetes is increasing in countries that are developing
and have low source of income.
The problems associated with diabetes are really difficult to handle. So main reason of
selecting this topic is to make people aware of the problem of diabetes. All around world 1.6
million people died cause of diabetes. The purpose of this research is to collect proper
information which is related to diabetes. This topic is crucial to discuss developing an awareness
in normal people to avoid unhealthy eating habits and lifestyle to avoid the problem like
diabetes. The purpose of leaflet if to provide knowledge to people who are suffering from
diabetes to make them more aware preventions that can be used by them in order to reduce the
risk of problems that can cause further damage to other organs of body. The purpose of
developing an action plan is to develop a system that is efficient to deliver proper information
that enables the people. This is important to improve their routine practices getting better
lifestyle. The main objective of these report id to cover all the perspectives to make effective
developments. People around the world are aware of name of diabetes but they do not know
main reason of diabetes. The research have been performed is related to medical field but this is
also important to conduct research from perspective of people to make proper base for new
implementations in the health care organizations. By these research a base could be provided to
health care organization and other researcher to make and suggest effective changes in Diabetes
control procedure and campaigns.
Diabetes- It is a chronic
disease which is related to the
The proper process that is
followed by insulin in human
body. This process is. Pancreas
secretes insulin in the blood
vans on initial level. This
insulin circulated in blood
along with blood sugar and
helps glucose to enter cells.
As these symptoms
start appearing then person
should go yo a doctor to get
right advice related to the
health issues.
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level of blood sugar or
glucose. There are two main
reasons of diabetes that are
usually evaluated in patients.
Th first one is about the issue
in pancreas where insulin is
produced, is not working
efficiently (Langenberg and
Lotta, 2018). If less amount of
insulin Hormone is produced
by pancreas that it will not be
enough to transfer the glucose
form blood to cells which are
using it as energy source for
functioning. The other
condition is about insulin
produced by pancreas is not
capable to transfer glucose
from blood to cells. On the
condition of normal diabetes
level there are no issues are
visible in person and they do
not need to get troubled. But
the level of glucose in not on
normal condition then it can
cause different other problems
and damage to the body
systems. For example
Blindness, kidney failure, heart
attack, lower limb amputation
stroke can be caused by
The amount of blood sugar is
reduced by insulin. As the
blood sugar drops in blood
then pancreas stop producing
insulin hormone to improve
the level of blood sugar in
blood.
There are main three
type of diabetes which are
considered medically (Stefan,
Häring and Cusi, 2019). These
types of diabetes are type 1
Diabetes, Type two Diabetes
and last one is gestational
diabetes.
Type 1 Diabetes-
The type 1 diabetes is
considered as condition where
pancreas is not producing
required amount of insulin and
that is causing high blood
sugar. In current time it is not
possible to cure this type of
diabetes. There are different
symptoms of type 1 diabetes
that are visible in patient are-
1. Increased thirst is
symptom of level 1 or
type 1 diabetes.
2. Frequent Urinal is also
problem to type 1
Causes of Type 1 Diabetes
There is no reason of
type 1 diabetes is identified yet
in the medical science. The
possible reason behind these
could be immune system of
human body that used to kill
bacteria accidentally starts
killing the insulin producing
cells in pancreas. There are
also some reasons which could
be reason of type 1 diabetes
are- Genetics issues and
exposure to external viruses
and environmental factors.
Type 2 Diabetes
It is a life long disease
that keeps the body from
consuming insulin the way it
should be consumed.
The people who are suffering
from type two diabetes are
resistive to the insulin (Tao,
Shi and Zhao, 2015). The main
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uncontrolled. In 2014 there are
8.5 adults who are 18 or more
then 18 year old are suffering
form diabetes. This is a major
problem for the people who
are suffering from it and it
needs proper solution that can
help the government and other
health care organization to
develop a system which is
efficient to make people aware
of this issue.
Role of Glucose
Glucose is normally
known as sugar that is main
source of energy for the human
body. There are two main
sources of sugar or glucose in
human body. One is food and
other one is lever. Sugar is
absorbed in the blood and
delivered to body cells through
help of insulin. Glucose is
stored in lever in form of
glycogen as the blood sugar go
low lever breaks glycogen into
glucose again and provide the
required supply to blood.
Role of Insulin
Th role of insulin is
important in the functioning of
diabetes.
3. Bed wetting is also
common in children
who were not
previously not wetting
the bed.
4. Extreme hunger is also
normally visible in
people who are
suffering form
diabetes.
5. Unintended weight loss
is also an issue in type
one diabetes.
6. Irritability and
frequently changes in
mood also a trouble in
this.
7. Weakness and Fatigue
is also visible in
patients.
8. With the increasing
level of diabetes vision
of person become more
blur and cause possible
blindness.
reason behind these is
childhood obesity. This is also
main reason of diabetes in
children at low age
Symptoms of Type 2
Diabetes
1. High Thirst
2. frequent urinating
3. Blurred vision
4. Cranky Behaviour
5. A lot of (Hunger).
6. Feeling tingling in the
fingers.
7. Wounds do not get
recovered easily
8. Weight loss.
9. Getting more
infections.
Causes of Type 2 Diabetes
1. Genetic issues
2. Metabolic syndrome or
issues.
3. Too much glucose
produced by lever by
breaking glycogen in
glucose.
4. Problem in nervous
system.
5. Broken beta cells.
Gestational Diabetes
This condition occurs
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human body. Mainly insulin is
produced by gland below
stomach which is known as
pancreas.
in the pregnancy time where
hyperglycaemia with blood
glucose values are above
normal but less than the
diagnostics of diabetes. It can
increase level of complications
at the time of child birth.
Action Plan
The action plan is used in this process to improve the process of source development
more efficient. Action plan used for this process is an outline that is effective to full fill the
particular goals of organization. This out line help the workforce to complete the task with in the
deadline. There are different resources are used in the nursing to make people aware of different
thing. These resources are consists of various kind of information that can be used to provide
effective knowledge to the people who are required to know these factors. These resources are
provided to the people in form hard copy or soft copy (Gray-Burrows, Owen and Day, 2017).
The main objective of preparing is to provide knowledge of diabetes through leaflet. This is
basically consisted of three columns in which specific information of diabetes is provided. There
are different types of diabetes are discussed in the leaflet which are mostly common in people.
On the initial level it consists of basic information of diabetes which is important to provide
basic information of diabetes to the target people (van Beusekom and et.al., 2016). After the
brief information of Diabetes role of insulin and glucose is discussed in the leaflet. After this
information other three types of diabetes is provided in leaflet. Along with the types different
other information is also provided in the report. This leaflet also include the different symptoms
of type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes. This is how the leaflet is used as
resource for the health care organization to provide better efficient information to the target
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audience. There are different enablers and barriers in resource development process that is used
for information transfer. The main advantages of leaflet are-
Time Frame
Activity Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4
Information Gathering
Designing
Data shortlisting `
Implementation
Circulation
Distribution
Advantages of Leaflet-
1. Leaflet are efficient to provide complete information to the people who are targeted by
organization.
2. Different vibrant colours are used in the leaflets to make it more attractive and attention
seeking.
3. It also consists of different images and useful information that can help the organization
to save their time and money in campaigns.
4. Leaflets are efficient to used in the nursing sector to provide information to people.
5. There is not much larger man power is required to prepare the leaflet.
6. The production cost of leaflet is too low.
7. The designs used in leaflet are efficient for providing detailed information to people.
8. This leaflets are efficient to engage the people who are targeted by health care
organization and government.
Barriers with Leaflet
There are some disadvantages of leaflets that make this resource less effective than other
source of information which are used to provide information to the larger audience (McClinchy
and et.al., 2015). The main barriers with leaflets are-
1. There is too much information is provided in the leaflet and it makes it less attractive.
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2. As compare to other sources of information leaflets are less attractive and creative.
3. This is really difficult for the people to convey message along with leaflet that should be
provided with leaflet.
4. It is required to provide additional information with it to make it more effective.
5. People can directly avoid or discard the leaflet just by simple rejection.
6. If less effective design is used in process then it can face rejection by the target audience.
7. Mostly the information provided in leaflet productive but without proper explanation it
can turn into passive information.
8. It needs too much information to provide better sorted information to the target people.
9. To share proper information it requires taking permission from authority to share such
kind of data with other people.
Cost of Implication
Asset Budget Actual
Data Shortlisting 500 400
Designing Process 200 200
Information Gathering 1400 1400
Implementation cost 1000 1000
Circulation Cost 400 400
Distribution Cost 200 200
Total Cost 3700 3600
Resources that are Required for the process
There are also some resources are required in process to make complete leaflet. The main
considerable resources are – Online sources, Human resources, electronics devices like
computer, printer, scanner for the preparation of leaflet and for transportation of leaflet various
methods of transportation are used.
Smart Targets
1. Collection of medical Data that is required to make effective leaflet.
2. Develop effective and attractive design for the leaflet.
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3. Implementation of data and information together in the selected design.
4. Provide leaflets in circulation in target public.
REFLECTION
Gibbs reflective cycle that is produced by Graham Gibbs is one of the best self reflection
tool that is used by people to explain their self experience in practical way (Husebø, O'Regan and
Nestel, 2015). There is a cycle is followed in the process that is represented below. This cycle
moves clockwise.
Description
In this process we need to prepare a source that is providing effective knowledge of
diabetes to the people who are targeted by the health care organization. For these process there
we required different in of information that is effective in order to achieve the organizational
goals properly(Hilliard, James and Batt, 2017). This is important for the leaflet to collect deep
information in order to deliver the best knowledge to people who will be reading this leaflet
letter. Initially there were different resources were reviewed that can be used as resources to
deliver information to target audience. To develop informative leaflet various resources and
designs has been analysed which can provide better document to provide relevant information to
the target audience. Later the leaflet is selected as a way to deliver proper information. There are
several reasons of selecting the leaflet for information delivery to people. The diabetes is major
concern for people and different countries which are consisted of most people suffering from the
diabetes. So, this was important for us to discuss different type of data in the leaflet to make it
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Illustration : Gibbs Reflection Cycle
(Source: Gibbs Reflective Cycle by Graham Gibbs, 2019)

more informative and effective to develop understanding in people. In the process of developing
leaflet there are different people were involved to develop best document. The complete process
that is followed in order to make an informative leaflet that can provide the better information
related to diabetes to medical officials and other people who should be aware of these issue
related to the health.
Feeling
This was really tough task to lead the team that is formed to designing and find proper
resources for data collection. It was quite an uncertain feeling to lead a complete process and
team. In team I have worked as facilitator who was responsible to make arrangements for
specific activities. (Smith and Roberts, 2015). In the process of resource development we have
faced various challenges that are related to utilisation of data and information for informative
leaflet of diabetes. This leaflet is consists of data that is critically providing information on
diabetes. Team members were comfortable during the whole process because the task of leaflet
development was full of creativeness and innovations. The process of information gathering was
very difficult and the information which is provided in the leaflet is cross checked to make it
more relevant and useful for people.
Evaluation
There was proper procedure was followed in order to prepare the leaflet which is efficient
to hold all information that is required to deliver to the target audience. This leaflet is consists of
information that is about causes, risks, preventions and controlling processes. Most of time was
spent in the data collection process where the information was collected form primary and
secondary sources and verified from different authorities. In this period different kind of various
resources has been reviewed which are authenticated and authorised by medical supervisors. It
took around 10 days to collect whole information regarding diabetes (Tawanwongsri and
Phenwan, 2019). The next step of preparing leaflet was to make effective design that is suitable
to attract the people to read this informative resources. The process of designing leaflet was
around 5 days where design of leaflet has prepared. For the next step implementation of design
and data together to prepare fully functional leaflet for the circulation. This step took 2 days
where the required data is shortlisted in process to make leaflet more short and effective for
reader. Further the packaging and transformation process took 3 days and next distribution was
performed in 4 days. This is how the complete leaflet was produced in 24 days including its
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transaction to the target people. To complete these project different challenges were faced in
process. The main issues were faced in process are related to data collection and data short-
listing and verification because it is too difficult to understand the medical data and ensure that
information used in Leaflet is correct or not.. I helped other team members to complete their task
efficiently and I also have supervised whole process that was followed in process to prepare
proper leaflet. We have learned various things in the information gathering and short listing
process that are related to the diabetes. Also in this process we have gathered various type of
information that can be used by the health care organization to make patients and their relatives
aware of consequences of this disease.
Analysis
There are too many things I have learned form the process of preparing leaflet for nursing
purposes. In this process I have learned different skills and knowledge that can be utilised further
in life. Things I have learned in the process are related to medical field (Emery and Chang,
2017). It has overviewed the whole information that is prepared in data and information
collection process. There are both positive and negative impact of these project in my
professional carrier. The core skills that I have learned through this process, made me more
efficient in my work. I have analysed that the information source like leaflet are less effective
than other sources like Presentation. But these sources not efficient to get flexibility of time and
place,
This was a good experience for me to lead a team that is preparing the resources for
nursing operations. The main objective of this leaflet preparing task is to develop a basic
informative resource that is effective for provide information to other people (Tesh and Kautz,
2017). In this project different type of tasks has been completed in the process of the leaflet
development process. It was a good learning process for me to be a part of the team that is
operating in this field.
CONCLUSION
This report is concluding the importance and development process of different
informative resources that are used by the health care and nursing organization to deliver
effective knowledge to people who are targeted by organization. In this report a brief information
of diabetes has been provided which is important for the people who might can use this
information to improve their lifestyle. As per different organization on global level, it is
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important to develop understanding in people to make changes in their eating habits which can
reduce the chances of diseases or disorder like Diabetes. There are different possible sources can
be used in the process of information transfer to target people. The advantages and dis
advantages of leaflet has been considered in the report to improve the application of leaflet in
this situation. To deliver complete knowledge of diabetes and its causes, it is important for health
care organization to use a source that is effective to provide complete information. For this report
Leaflet has been selected as informative source. In initial part detailed information of the
diabetes has been discussed in report that is collected for people who need this information to get
better and healthy lifestyle. The brief rationale is provided for selection of the proper resource
that will be used to deliver effective information of diabetes to target audience. The action plan
has been developed in process to provide better data to people. In the action plan whole process
of leaflet planning has been discussed. The Gibbs model also has been used in this study to
present effective information to people about how whole process of leaflet development was
performed.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Bailey, C.J., 2016. Under-treatment of type 2 diabetes: Causes and outcomes of clinical
inertia. International journal of clinical practice. 70(12). pp.988-995.
Chatterjee, S., Khunti, K. and Davies, M.J., 2017. Type 2 diabetes. The Lancet. 389(10085).
pp.2239-2251.
Emery, C. and Chang, J., 2017, July. Reflection in a new light: updating Gibbs' reflective cycle
on a foundation degree in healthcare sciences. In HEA Conference, generation TEF.
Gray-Burrows, K.A., Owen, J. and Day, P.F., 2017. Learning from good practice: a review of
current oral health promotion materials for parents of young children. British dental
journal. 222(12). p.937.
Hilliard, D., James, K. and Batt, A.M., 2017. An Introduction to Reflective Practice for
Paramedics and Student Paramedics.
Husebø, S.E., O'Regan, S. and Nestel, D., 2015. Reflective practice and its role in
simulation. Clinical Simulation in Nursing. 11(8). pp.368-375.
Langenberg, C. and Lotta, L.A., 2018. Genomic insights into the causes of type 2 diabetes. The
Lancet. 391(10138). pp.2463-2474.
McClinchy, J. and et.al., 2015, March. Dietary Advice and Collaborative Working: Do
Pharmacists and Allied Health Professionals Other Than Dietitians Have a Role?.
In Healthcare (Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 64-77). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute.
Smith, J. and Roberts, R., 2015. Reflective practice. Vital Signs for Nurses: An Introduction to
Clinical Observations, pp.222-230.
Stefan, N., Häring, H.U. and Cusi, K., 2019. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: causes, diagnosis,
cardiometabolic consequences, and treatment strategies. The lancet Diabetes &
endocrinology, 7(4), pp.313-324.
Tao, Z., Shi, A. and Zhao, J., 2015. Epidemiological perspectives of diabetes. Cell biochemistry
and biophysics. 73(1). pp.181-185.
Tawanwongsri, W. and Phenwan, T., 2019. Reflective and feedback performances on Thai
medical students’ patient history-taking skills. BMC medical education. 19(1). p.141.
Tesh, A.S. and Kautz, D.D., 2017. Using Reflective Practice in a Leadership Course. Nurse
educator. 42(3). pp.117-119.
van Beusekom, M.M. and et.al., 2016. Low literacy and written drug information: information-
seeking, leaflet evaluation and preferences, and roles for images. International journal of
clinical pharmacy. 38(6). pp.1372-1379.
Online
Gibbs Reflective Cycle by Graham Gibbs, 2019. [Online]. Available
Through.<https://www.toolshero.com/management/gibbs-reflective-cycle-graham-
gibbs/>.
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