Nursing Care for Adults

Running Head: NURSING CARE FOR ADULTS 1
Nursing Care for Adults
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Nursing Care for Adults 2
Nursing Care for Adults
Section 1
According to Lewis et al. (2014), nursing care and assessment is essential in adults who
may develop various chronic conditions. As such, various tests are essential in determining
which area may be affected by the different infection. Contrary, the main function of the GI tract
is to break down food into nutrients, so that they may be absorbed into the body to provide
energy. It should be noted that food must first be ingested through the mouth for the mechanical
process to begin.
Oral Cavity
This is also known as the mouth, which is responsible for food intake A mucosa lines it with
keratin covering different parts, for example, hard palate, tongue, and the mouth’s roof. In spite
of that, the mastication refers to food that gets broken down mechanically by chipping and
chewing using the teeth. It is vital to note that the tongue acts as a muscular organ, which
manipulates food bolus to meet with the teeth.
1. Esophagus
This is located in the throat near the trachea (windpipe). The food ingested is received by the
esophagus from the mouth after swallowing. This is made possible by numerous muscular
contractions (peristalsis). The throat acts as a delivery route for food into the stomach.
2. Abdominal Wall
The abdominal wall acts as the casing for the abdominal cavity, which protects and contains the
GI organs. Alternatively, it supports the trunk and facilitates movement. It should be noted that

Nursing Care for Adults 3
there are several abdominal muscles such as the internal obliques, rectus abdominis, external
obliques, and transverses abdominis. It is also crucial to note that the muscles are layered on top
of each other, which enables them to control the movement of the rib cage, pelvis, and spine.
Listing the Parts of the Stomach
Small Intestine
This is composed of the jejunum. Ileum, and duodenum. The small intestine is approximately six
meters long, and it extends from the Stomach’s pyloric sphincter to the ileo-caecal valve-this
separates the caecum from the ileum.
Large Intestine
This is a horse-shoe shaped intestine that extends around the small intestine acting like a frame.
Moreover, it contains different sections: caecum, appendix, colon, and rectum. Also, there are
four parts of the colon: transverse, ascending, sigmoid, and descending.
Liver
This is a large red-brown organ that is located in the right upper abdominal quadrant. The liver
filters the blood traveling from the intestinal system. As such, it detoxifies various metabolites
such as broken down metabolites of the oestrogen and bilirubin.
Gall Bladder
This is a pear-shaped hollow organ, which is located in a depression on the surface posterior of
the right lobe of the liver. It consists of a neck, body, and fundus. The primary function is to
store bile concentration.
Pancreas

Nursing Care for Adults 4
This is a pink-grey lobular organ, which is behind the stomach, and it assists in communication
with the duodenum. The pancreas acts both endocrine and exocrine functions.
Rectum
This is a chamber that is approximately eight inches that links the anus to the colon. The primary
function of the rectum is to act as a stool storage area received from the colon.
Anus
This is the last section of the digestive tract, which is a canal consisting of two anal sphincters
and pelvic floor muscles.
Section 2
Abdominal X-Ray or KUB
KUB X-ray is performed to help diagnose the causes of abdominal pain, for instance,
perforations, obstructions, and masses. This contains necessary information about the shape,
position, and size of the kidney, bladder, and ureters. On the other hand, Abdominal X-ray
involves a small dose of radiation ionization, which produces an image of the abdominal cavity.
During preparation, the doctor may use IUD for the Abdominal X-ray. During preparation of the
KUB X-ray, the doctor may ask the patient to remain in a specific position depending on the
organ being viewed. Also, a lead apron may be put on parts of the body that are not going to be
X-rayed.
Abdominal Ultrasound
This views structures inside the abdomen. During preparation, the patients need to avoid drinks
and food for at least eight hours.