Nursing Care Required for Asthma Patients | Essay

Running Head: NURSING CARE REQUIRED FOR ASTHMA PATIENTS
NURSING CARE REQUIRED FOR ASTHMA PATIENTS
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

1NURSING CARE REQUIRED FOR ASTHMA
Asthma is a disease that is common for people belong to any age group and of any
gender. There is no decided and universal definition for this disease. A common definition
can be stated combining the existing medicinal information available about this disease along
with its prevention methods. Asthma is directly linked with respiratory issues and shortness
of breath. The range of breathing difficulties varies from mild and moderate to life-
threatening. Patients of this disease suffer from inflammation that leads to swelling of the
bronchi along with narrow entranceway of passing breathable air into our body. Apart from
breathing problem, general symptoms of this health issue include shortness of breathing,
regular cough and cold, sneezing and whizzing (Chung et al., 2014) this paper aims to
identify the commonly found symptoms of Asthma. The objective of this case study is to
provide probable nursing treatments for the patients. In addition, it will explain the
pathophysiological study of this disease. This essay will inform the pharmacological
measures to follow for the prevention of this disease. At the end of this case study, there will
be a scope for the patients to identify this disease and will take initiatives accordingly.
It is very important to understand the pathophysiology behind the development of
asthma to treat and diagnose the condition of Sonia Bates. Our understanding of asthma
pathophysiology has evolved intensely in the last 30 years. Asthma includes various
pathophysiological issues; include bronchiolar irritation with bronchospasm that exhibits as
incidents of coughing, restricted breathing, and wheezing. Asthma can severely affect the
trachea and bronchioles. Pathophysiology of asthma also includes bronchospasms, oedema,
extreme mucus secretion, and damage in epithelial cells. Damage in the respiratory accessory
muscles causes constriction of bronchi. Apart from bronchial inflammation, the
pathophysiology of asthma includes neutrophils (found in patients pertaining the habit of
smoking), eosinophil (related to fighting with white blood cell), lymphocytes (related to the
immune system), mast cell activation, and injury in the epithelial cell (a kind of tissue). In the

2NURSING CARE REQUIRED FOR ASTHMA
mentioned case study of the objective clinical manifestation of Sonia, her symptom was
audible wheezing sound. Wheezing is a shrill-pitched, rough whistling sound that can occur
when an asthmatic patient is breathing. The audible wheezing sound observed in the objective
data of Sonia Bates is due to the shortening of bronchial tubes or airway tubes her chest. Due
to the excessive mucus deposition in the bronchial pathways, the bronchial pathway gets
constricted (Bonini & Usmani, 2015). Additionally, the bilateral wheeze during expiration of
Sonia is due to the blockage of different anatomical parts of her respiratory system. The
patient is not able to speak due to her shortness of breath that considered her as a patient of
severe asthma. Generally patients suffer from asthma also suffers from hypertension. Hence,
Sonia had been suffering from asthma from her childhood and taking salbutamol as
preventive measure her blood pressure report is normal(Burgel et al., 2013). Although the
report can be considered as hypotensive but this is due to salbutamol drug. Viral pulmonary
infections are also a major cause of asthma. Studies have invented various phenotypic
patterns for asthma. Apart from the presence of inflammation there is acute versus chronic
disposition. Shortness of breathing is one of the major symptoms of asthma. For this reason,
Sonia is able to speaking short phrases only. The acute symptom of asthma occurs due to
bronchospasm that requires bronchodilator therapy (Ram et al., 2015). This therapy will be
helpful in the case of Sonia also as she has also been diagnosed with lung auscultation and
insufficient air entry. To introduce the genetic cause of asthma almost 30 percent of child
asthma occurs for the over-active gene called ‘ORMDL3’. This gene is also known as the
element to disrupt the lipid molecules. According to the research done during 2007, this gene
mutation can increase the risk factor up to 80 percent especially among children. In general, it
is worth mentioning that asthma is not a genetically inherent disease, it is an allergic disease.
After discussing the genetic and environmental pathogenesis of asthma, this paper now
focuses on clinical manifestation of this disease. As a heterogeneous disease, asthma follows