Theory Assessment for HLTENN001: Practise nursing within the Australian health care system

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Assessments
Student : Rajani Lama - S167074
Course : Diploma of Nursing
Course
Offer : 18NDONC2A
Course
Unit : HLTENN001 Practise nursing within the Australian
health care system
Assessme
nt type : Theory Assessment
1. There have been a number of different key models of health
that have influenced health promotion. Describe the two (2)
major health service models identified below (in 40-50 words
each).
1.1
Social model of health: This model of health addresses broad
determinants of health such as social, cultural, environmental and
economic factors instead of the disease. The important principles of this
model are the reduction of social inequalities, increasing access to care
and empowering individuals (Clavier & Leeuw, 2013).
1.2
Biomedical model of health: This model emphasize on diagnosing and
treating people without paying attention to their lifestyle or living
conditions. In this model of health, the provider concentrates on the
illness, disease or disability of an individual and attempts to restore the
physical health of the individual (Clavier & Leeuw, 2013).
Clavier, C., & Leeuw, E. d. (2013). Health Promotion and the

Policy Process. Great Clarendon Street: Oxford
University Press.
2. The National Safety and Quality Health Service (NSQHS)
Standards are being applied across a wide variety of health care
services in all States/Territories in Australia. Describe the
application of these standards (in 50-60 words).
The NSQHS Standards are being applied through the establishment of
robust governance practices and functional safety and quality systems.
Besides, healthcare service organizations apply these standards by
monitoring safety and quality and responding promptly to safety and
quality issues within the health care institution. The administrators in
different health care services are also fulfilling their accountabilities and
responsibilities appropriately.
3. Australia's health-care system is a multi-faceted web of
various providers, settings, participants and supporting
mechanisms. Explain the overall structure of health care system
in your State/Territory (in 80-90 words).
The Victoria’s health-care system consists of many healthcare
professionals who work in private and public settings. Public health
services are offered by different levels of government including local,
state and federal. Even though public hospitals are funded by federal and
state governments, they are controlled by the Victorian government. In
Victoria, private health services are managed and run by private
organizations, and they include private healthcare institutions, medical
practices, and pharmacies. The Victorian government governs health
services through ministers, Chief Health Officer and Office of the Chief
Psychiatrist (Better Health, 2015).
Better Health. (2015). Healthcare system in Victoria.
Retrieved 3 24, 2018, from
https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/servicesand
support/healthcare-system-in-Victoria
4. Nursing in Australia has evolved in training and regulation
since the 19th century. Briefly describe how the nursing
profession has evolved over time outlining major historical
events (in 130-150 words).
1970s - Nursing education programs were launched in Adelaide,
Melbourne, and Sydney. The nursing education was mainly based in
acute settings rather than classrooms.

1975- Goals in nursing were published. This work outlined an extensive
strategy for achieving positive actions in nursing.
1980s – Nursing registration boards emerged and nursing education
programs started to be restricted to the main hospitals since small
hospitals were unable to meet the standards required by nursing
registration boards.
1994 – Nursing education was established in Australian universities. The
National Review of Nursing Education has the mandate to review higher
education sector.
2001- Department of Health and Aged Care was established.
2007 – The Australian nurse practitioners conference was held and
ministers expressed their support for nurse practitioners.
2008 – Strategies to establish nursing practitioner workforce meant for
remote and rural areas were initiated.
2010 – Nurses were granted prescribing roles under territory or state
legislation (Departmen of Health, 2013).
Departmen of Health. (2013). Review of Australian
Government Health Workforce Programs. Retrieved 3
27, 2018, from
http://www.health.gov.au/internet/publications/publishi
ng.nsf/Content/work-review-australian-government-
health-workforce-programs-
toc~appendices~appendix-iv-history-commonwealth-
involvement-nursing-midwifery-workforce
5. Nursing today is much different from nursing practices years
ago. Describe the current perspectives of the nursing profession
including the opportunities for career development in Australia
(in 50-60 words).
The nursing profession is important in offering primary care in Australia.
Nursing workforce is also undergoing important changes as the focus
shifts towards evidence-based care. A key opportunity for career
development is the establishment of a strategic career structure as well
as education framework to improve nurses’ knowledge and expertise.
6. Explain the philosophical framework underpinning primary
health care (in 50-60 words).

The primary health care (PHC) rests on the principles of equity,
participation and interdisciplinary collaboration. These principles are
interlinked with the aim to help individuals and communities to attain
and maintain health. PHC is ground on the fact social factors including
education, access to health services and level of income influence the
health of individuals and communities (Sandra, Deborah, Brenda, &
Michelle, 2013).
Sandra, M., Deborah, H., Brenda, H., & Michelle, C. (2013).
Primary Health Care as a Philosophical and Practical
Framework for Nursing Education: Rhetoric or Reality?
Journal for the Australian Nursing Profession, 45 (1).
7. Models of care describe how best to provide care across the
many healthcare areas. Briefly describe the following 2 (two)
models of health (in 40-50 words each).
7.1
The holistic health model: Instead of focusing on illness, disability or a
specific issue of the human body, holistic health model considers the
whole person. This health model concentrates on the interconnection
between the mind, body and spirit and aims to achieve maximum well-
being.
7.2
The health-illness continuum: This model illustrates the link between
wellness paradigm and treatment paradigm. Nurses can apply this model
to help patients in visualizing, planning and achieving their objectives for
a healthier lifestyle. Evidently, the health-illness continuum can help
patients to achieve optimum health.
8. Briefly explain the role of the following nursing regulatory
authorities, industrial and professional bodies (in 30-40 words
each).
a) Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia: Protects the public by
regulating the practice of nursing and midwifery. Additionally, this body
also offers information on regulatory policy as well as professional advice
for nurses and midwives (NMBA, 2016).
b) Australian Nursing and Midwifery Federation: This body
represents the industrial and professional interests of its members across
Australia. Some of these interest include the employment of graduate
nurses, high-quality and affordable care, universal healthcare and
healthcare funding (ANMF, 2014).