Impact of Obesity on Mental Health: A Review of Occupational Therapy Interventions

This review examines the impact of obesity on mental health and the need for lifestyle changes to minimize the negative impact. The review also discusses occupational therapy interventions for reducing obesity and improving mental health.

Evidence Based Practice and Research 2

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Aim of the review........................................................................................................................2
Context of the review...................................................................................................................2
METHODOLOGY..........................................................................................................................2
Focusing the question..................................................................................................................2
Search term used..........................................................................................................................3
Inclusion and exclusion criteria...................................................................................................3
Database searched........................................................................................................................4
Article found and excluded..........................................................................................................4
Critical appraisal process.............................................................................................................4
CRITIQUE OF THE ARTICLES....................................................................................................5
Papers found................................................................................................................................5
Study purpose..............................................................................................................................6
Methodology used.......................................................................................................................7
Sampling......................................................................................................................................8
Data collection methods..............................................................................................................8
Data analysis................................................................................................................................9
Findings.......................................................................................................................................9
Ethical issues...............................................................................................................................9
Conclusion.................................................................................................................................10
SUMMARY...................................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

Aim of the review
The present review is based upon occupational therapy in which obesity and its impact
over the mental health as a topic has chosen. The rationale for conducting research on this topic
is such that it will help to determine the trend of obesity and this in turn affect the people’s
mental health as well. Moreover, the chosen population for the topic is adult, middle age people
and old age people. With the help of current review, study will determine the key facts about
chosen occupational therapy so that effective outcome can be generated.
Context of the review
Occupational therapy (OT) is a brand of health care that support people of all age group
who faces problem related to physical, sensory and cognitive. Thus, by considering the definition
of OT, obesity is chosen because it is idea fit to conduct life-style intervention for treating people
who are suffered from this by offering primary as well as secondary support. In the entire world,
obesity is considered one of the complex disease which involve excessive amount of fat and as a
result, it leads to increase BP, heart disease that have a direct impact over mental health of
people.
As per the statistics of WHO, it has been identified that 500 million adults in the world
are obese and by 2030, the number will be increases by 1 billion. For example, more than 25% of
the UK adults are obese and the main cause of obesity is lifestyle choice, social and economic
problems shape of health habits etc. Therefore, it can be stated that it is directly related to OT
because lifestyle of the people changes which might lead to obesity.
METHODOLOGY
Focusing the question
As per the research question, the population is all age group especially adults so that they
can understood how serious obesity is. The intervention for the chosen article is such that people
should choose the healthier food and focus upon physical activity so that it will improve the
overall performance (Hill and et.al., 2021). The results drawn reflected that there is a direct
impact over the mental health of people and this in turn shows that people should change their
lifestyle in order to minimize the negative impact.

Search term used
The list of search term used for the present study is as mentioned below:
 population
 intervention
 mental health problem
 health related quality of life
 adolescent
 obesity
 lifestyle behavior
 depression
Inclusion and exclusion criteria
Inclusion
criteria
Criterion Rationale
Adults If the article have mentioned aspects then such
articles need to be included for the research as it
provide authentic results.
Suffered from obesity
Consent should be
taken
Exclusion
criteria
Criterion Rationale
Health concern If any participants faces any traumatic injury, then
it will be excluded from a research.
Non-elite The study including any general limitary force and
general police then it need to be excluded
(Chelladurai and et.al., 2021).
No full text If the article do not have access to sell its full
description then it will excluded.

Database searched
There are three types of database used for the present research which provide effective
outcome. These are as mentioned below:
 PubMed: It is a free source that is used mainly for biomedical and as per the current
research, whose main aim is to improve health. Therefore, it will assist to meet the
defined aim and objectives of the research.
 Medline: It is another database which is also helpful for the present research such that it
is an authoritative bibliographic database which contain health journal that is mainly used
by health care professionals, clinics only (Pandey and Pandey, 2021).
 Willey online library: One of the most important database which in turn help in nursing
and allied health literature that provide range of nursing publication in the form of books,
journals and articles so that effective outcome can be generated.
Article found and excluded
For PubMed, only 3 articles has been chosen which include the detail of obesity and its
negative impact over the mental health of people. Thus, it affect the people in negative manner.
On the other side, under Medline, 5 article has been selected from different country and this in
turn causes direct impact over the results. Further, under Willey Online library as a database, 3
article has chosen that provide somehow related information as per the chosen title. Among all 4
article has been removed due its duplicity. Further, there are 7 research paper removed and the
rationale for the same is such that they do not contain fresh information and majority of them are
related to secondary source that do not provide authentic results. Thus, rest of all will be helpful
to determine the outcome and meet the objectives of a research as well. Through this, the study
will assist to identify whether obesity actually create negative impact over the mental health of
the people or not.
Critical appraisal process
For critical appraisal CASP checklist has been complied which in turn assist to generate a
better outcome and identify whether the tool are beneficial for the present research or not.

CRITIQUE OF THE ARTICLES
Papers found
Reference of paper Overall
methodology
Key findings Comment on quality
Mediating effects of
Mental Health
Problems in a
Clinical Sample of
Adolescents with
Obesity
Quantitative research
methodology has
adopted in which
three simple
mediation analysis
with gender and age-
group used (Hampel,
Stachow and
Wienert, 2021).
There is an
unfavourable effects
of BMI and standard
deviation score which
in turn reflected that
there is a direct
relationship between
mental health and
obesity.
The quality of the
research paper can be
improved by adding
qualitative research
type in which scholar
can be improve the
result in more
effective manner.
Substance use,
mental health and
weight-related
behaviour during
pandemic in people
with obesity
A retrospective
medical chart is used
by complying with
quantitative as a
research
methodology where
scholar can determine
the information used
for many reasons
There is a negative
impact over mental
health of patients
after Covid-19 due to
obesity and this
includes increase in
anxiety, depression
and difficulty in
sleeping (Almandoz
and et.al., 2021).
The quality of the
research paper is
appropriate such that
it assist to determine
the how obesity
affected the mental
health.

The impact of adult
behavioural weight
management
interventions on
mental health: A
systematic review
and meta-analysis
In this, systematic
reviews and meta
analysis i.e. PRISMA
as a quantitative
research
methodology has
chosen which in turn
assist to create a
better outcome (Jones
and et.al., 2021).
The behavioural
weight management
intervention actually
assist to improve the
number of results
among people who
are suffered from the
mental disorder due
to obesity.
The quality of the
research paper is
good because it is
easy to accessible and
provide in-depth
research that is
further help to
improve the results.
Imbalance in obesity
and mental health
among “little
emperors” in China
Quantitative research
methodology has
been chosen for the
present research.
As compared to
siblings, only
children have a high
risk for obesity and
there is no significant
relationship between
the number of
siblings and anxiety
except BMI (Peng
and et.al., 2019).
The quality of the
research paper is
moderate because it
help to determine
how obesity create
imbalance among
mental health of a
children.
Study purpose
All the chosen research paper main aim is to identify how obesity affected the overall
mental health of people in different ages. In this, symptoms of obesity determine along with
causes that lead towards obesity. On the other side, one of the article main focus is to determine
the intervention adopted is actually worthy for the individual and decreases the chances of
reducing obesity or the lifecycle of the people as well. Thus, as per the chosen OT, these research
paper actually contribute to examine ho psychosocial factors have an adverse impact on the
obesity.

Therefore, it can be stated that the purpose of all four research is consistent throughout
the paper because in the conclusion part, it actually determines the output which in turn assist to
understand about the reason for formulating the research. Thus, in each research paper, the
purpose of the research paper is clear such that it will help to understand about the new aspect of
the research and ways through which obesity can be decrease among adults.
Methodology used
In Mediating effects of Mental Health Problems in a Clinical Sample of Adolescents with
Obesity, the chosen methodology is quantitative and this is properly described along with the
number of participants and age of the people. The rationale for choosing this research is such that
to understand the effect of mental health problem among people is measured under quantitative
term and this in turn help to create a better outcome can generate a better outcome.
On the other side, under Substance use, mental health and weight-related behaviour
during pandemic in people with obesity quantitative research methodology has been adopted.
Though this methodology is not actually adequately described in this because it is not either fall
under quantitative or qualitative. Therefore, it can be stated that though it provide results as per
the topic but it do not actually specify which research methodology is adopted.
Under third research paper The impact of adult behavioural weight management
interventions on mental health: A systematic review and meta-analysis, quantitative research
method has adopted along with PRISMA model and systematic reviews so that effective
outcome can be generated. This methodology actually quantify the results in an appropriate
manner by determining participants characteristic influence the effect of intervention on a mental
health. Therefore, it can be stated that with the help of effective research methodology, scholar
can generate an appropriate result by determining whether obesity actually contribute to improve
the mental health of a people.
Further, in last article i.e. Imbalance in obesity and mental health among “little
emperors” in China, it has been identified that researcher chooses quantitative research
methodology in which different sample has selected that assist to determine which key factors
are actually contribute to improve the mental health of the people due to obesity. Thus, it assists

to create a better outcome by determining whether there is any impact identified over the results.
so that relationship between the variable determined.
Overall, it can be stated that the chosen methodology for the research paper will be
appropriate but most of the research paper can also use qualitative research methodology as well
which in turn assist to contribute to describe the theoretical aspects.
Sampling
For the whole research paper, random sampling method is considered one of the most
suitable and appropriate sampling strategy that helps to recruit the sample. This is simple to use
and determine whether the research aim can be meet. For the article 1, 313 adolescents with
obesity has been chosen in which they all are of age group 12 to 17. The adolescent chosen for
this research is simple random sampling and this in turn assist to create a better outcome.
For second article, 589 patients are randomly selected in which majority of them are
covid-19 positive and that is why, it assist to create a better outcome and generate a best
outcome. In this, patients are selected on the basis of their earlier diseases so that the aim of the
research can be fulfilled. Moreover, in accordance with the third article, 26 authors has been
selected who provide their respond minimum in 2 months. This in turn assist to create a better
outcome and somehow meet the research aim as well.
In accordance with the last article, it has been identified that around 1348 high school
students in Guangzhou has selected randomly in order to generate a better outcome so that
effective outcome can be generated in order to generate a better outcome. Further, it has been
stated that this in turn assist to determine whether factors have a direct impact over the mental
health of people.
Overall, it can be stated that all the sampling strategy adopted by the scholar for different
research papers contributed their best in order to meet the research aim of the study. Hence, such
sampling strategy will be assist to generate a better outcome and that is why, it can be beneficial
for the present study as well to conduct the study in more appropriate manner.

Data collection methods
It is necessary for the researcher to select best data collection methods because it assist to
determine about trend and views of people towards it. In all the selected research paper related to
obesity, it has been identified that both primary and secondary data collection methods has been
selected which in turn assist to create a better outcome. In each article, an appropriate and
justified data collection strategy has adopted which in turn assist to create a better outcome and
also conduct the respective papers in more appropriate manner. On the other side, both primary
and secondary data collection methods mainly assist research to examine the trend followed by
people regarding obesity and opinion of people of all age collected so that effective outcome can
be generated in an effective manner.
Data analysis
Data analysis will assist to present the findings in a precise manner so that the research
questions can be answered in an effective manner. That is why, it can be stated that only SPSS
software used which in turn assist to derive better outcome in which inferential statistics as well
as descriptive statistics has performed that provide a brief analysis of the selected respondents.
Therefore, it has reflected that this analysis method assists to generated a better outcome and
further assist to determine whether obesity has a direct impact over the mental health of people
varying from different age group. Hence, it can be stated that through this methodology,
investigator can determine why there is a need to reducing the obesity among the people because
it identified different negative impact over the mental as well as physical health among people.
Findings
The findings generated by each research paper clearly meet the defined aim and
objectives. Each paper identify that all the selected participants faces issue with regard to obesity
and this in turn contribute to increase the mental health problems. Therefore, it can be stated that
a proper intervention need to be implemented which is identified under the article that The
impact of adult behavioural weight management which contribute to improve the mental health
and generate a better outcome as well. Further, through the last article, it has been examined by
last article that there is no significant relationship between number of siblings and anxiety.
Hence, it is further reflected that there is a need to consider BMI and it has find out that there are
unfavorable effect of BMI over an emotional problems so that it create a direct impact over

mental health of a people. Overall, it can be stated that the results are justified properly because
they all are supported with the author’s point of view and this in turn assist to meet the research
aim of a research as well.
Ethical issues
Yes, each of the above mentioned article are actually meet the ethical principle of the
research so that entire study can be run in an ethical manner. This in turn also reflected that by
complying with data protection act, research can prevent the data from third party and this in turn
generate a better outcome. Apart from this, consent form has signed which reflected that all the
selected participants are voluntarily participate within a research and that is why, it creates a
better outcome and generated results in the favour of the research aim as well. Hence, all the
ethical issues are further noted in the papers so that effective outcome generated.
Conclusion
Through all the research papers, it can be concluded that the selected paper are valid and
reliable enough in order to generate a better outcome. Hence, that is why, it can be reflected that
obesity is actually affected person’s mental health and that is why, an appropriate intervention
need to be implemented. Overall, it can be concluded that with the help of effective research and
chosen data collection methods, scholar can be easily concluded about the obesity which in turn
affected the entire people’s life into negative manner. Thus, research questions has answered
with the help of conducted research strategy which helps the reader to think about the same and
generate a betted outcome.
SUMMARY
By summing up above research paper, it has been concluded that obesity has actually
created a negative impact over mental health among different age group such that it leads to
anxiety, depression etc. All the mentioned researches are adopted quantitative research
methodology which provide effective results over qualitative. In this, different test has been
conducted which in turn shows that health behavior and mental health of people affected from
obesity. Therefore, there is a need to make changes over eating and physical activity behavior so
that it creates a better outcome. However, it has been further evaluated that behavioural weight
management interventions are consider the best improvement strategy for reducing number of

health outcomes and somehow contribute to increase the life span of the people as well. Thus, it
can be stated that through all the selected research papers, obesity is considered the common
problem that affect both mental and physical health of an individual and generally increases
among adults due to their changing lifestyle and eating disorders.
Moreover, the chosen research paper actually contribute to influence evidence based
practice such that the chosen methodology assist to develop new knowledge such that it assist to
determine the intervention used by professionals while patients faces issues due to obesity. That
is why, it can be stated that with the help of effective findings from the research will be more
beneficial to examine the research which will might be affect the overall research into a negative
manner. Hence, the overall research paper assist to examine which ways people affected from
obesity and this in turn understand the strategy to overcome the same as well.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Almandoz, J.P. & et.al., (2021). Substance use, mental health and weight‐related behaviours
during the COVID‐19 pandemic in people with obesity. Clinical obesity. 11(2). p.e12440.
Chelladurai, S. J. S. & et.al., (1021). Optimization of process parameters using response surface
methodology: A review. Materials Today: Proceedings. 37. pp.1301-1304.
Hampel, P., Stachow, R. & Wienert, J., (2021). Mediating Effects of Mental Health Problems in
a Clinical Sample of Adolescents with Obesity. Obesity Facts. 14(5). pp.471-480.
Hill, A.D. & et.al., (2021). Endogeneity: A review and agenda for the methodology-practice
divide affecting micro and macro research. Journal of Management. 47(1). pp.105-143.
Jones, R.A. &et.al., (2021). The impact of adult behavioural weight management interventions
on mental health: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Obesity Reviews. 22(4).
p.e13150.
Pandey, P. & Pandey, M.M., (2021). Research methodology tools and techniques. Bridge Center.
Peng, Z. & et.al., (2019). Imbalance in obesity and mental health among “little emperors” in
China. Plos one. 14(4). p.e0207129.