OFDM in Wireless Networks

[Author Name(s), First M. Last, Omit Titles and Degrees]
[Institutional Affiliation(s)]

Part I: Encoding and error control
a) The data rate required for the robot to the remote controller communication
The data rate formula is found by the number of bits that go through the network in bits
per second
Bits sent=Sum of all each of the units=4+6+4+2=16 bits
The 16 bits have been sent in 2 seconds thus the number of bits in 1 second is given by
=16/2=8 bps
b) Explain 3 types of suitable encoding techniques could be used to encode the status string
One of the most likely important requirements for the design would be an encoding scheme with
a high efficiency in terms of the bandwidth and higher effectiveness for the purposes of the wire
communication and thus the following could be treated as of higher efficiency in relation to
encoding the bit strings (Jafarzadeh, Palesi, Khademzadeh, & Afzali-Kusha, 2014).
1. NRZ-I (Nin-Return to Zero Invert)
Everything kicks off at the start in NRZ-I encoding and is attained via turning to the opposite
side when a 1 is obtained other nothing is done . Constantly attaining zeros translates to the same
side remaining and nothing is changing(Ahmad & Habibi, 2008). An illustration of the same is
as in the diagram below
Manchester Encoding
This makes use of
different curves in demonstrating whether it is a zero besides another curve as shown below
Zero

One
The ones encode greater voltages before using reduced voltages while the encoding of zero takes
place with a high voltage before changing to low voltages. Illustrated in the diagram below is an
example of the same
Differential encoding
Also called D-encoding, differential encoding works by generating an inversion up obtaining one
input from a high to a low voltage and no inversions when a zero input is obtained as
demonstrated in the diagram below.(Bakhurin et al., 2016)
C) At a certain instance, the sensors provided data as acceleration 5 m/s2 , obstacle at 48
cm, all motors working (i.e. motor functionality 1111), and battery is 75%.
i. Calculate the data rate required for robot to remote controller communication
The status string explains numerous individual bits that are delivered at an instant time. The first
step in this determination is the conversion all the given values to a binary notation which would
return 0101 which is a 4-bit data output.(Yan, Şekercioğlu, & Narayanan, 2010)

The reading of the accelerometer is m/s2
Detection of an obstacle by an ultrasound takes place at 48 cm which upon conversion to binary
notation returns
110000 which is a 6-bit input
The report of the motor status is provided in binary notation already which is 1111
The battery level is provided as 75%, in other words, 0.75 in decimal notation which when
converted to binary notation returns 0.11 .
The array of each of the output data gives the aggregated status stream which is as illustrated
Status string=0101+110000+111+0.11 which returns
0101110000111111 and hence the status string in the binary is given by
0101110000111111
ii. Represent the status string on ASK, FSK, and PSK encoding techniques
ASK
In ASK the amplitude of the carrier signal is modulated going by the value of the data
signal. A carrier signal is sent when a signal bit is transmitted. when a zero is transmitted there
are no carrier signals meaning that the carrier signals can only be seen in cases where there is one
digit signal and an absolute no visible signal upon the transmission of a zero. This is the
underlying reason for ASK also being known as On-Off Keying. The diagram below illustrates
the carrier wave
Upon showing ASK, a wave as shown below is achieved