Project Management in Green Building

This assignment delves into the complexities of project management within the context of green building. It examines the obstacles and potential solutions encountered when implementing sustainable practices in construction projects. The provided text references various scholarly articles discussing topics such as stakeholder analysis, project maturity models, risk management, and operational efficiency in green building projects.

OPERATION AND
PROJECT MANAGEMENT

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK...............................................................................................................................................4
Introduction to operation Management.......................................................................................4
Strategic objectives of operations management ..............................................................................6
Operations Strategy .........................................................................................................................7
Operations Development and improvement ...................................................................................8
Evolution of operational management- .........................................................................................8
Different design in operational management - ............................................................................10
Process design -..............................................................................................................................11
RECOMMENDATION ................................................................................................................15
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................15
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................16

INTRODUCTION
Operations and project management refer to the process of handling daily basis operation
in effective and efficient manner. Project management aims in delivering such work process that
finally leads to accomplishment of set goals and targets. The present report will include strategic
importance of operational system, various operation strategy that is applied in sustainable mode
so that they can lead to achieve mission and vision for the organisational system. It basically
highlight the process that is executed in service sector organisation which include Hilton hotel. It
is a well established brand in hotel industry and its headquarter is situated in United states. They
render world class facility to their customers of whole nation. Every industry deals in dynamic
environment which keeps on changing with time and they have to consider such modifications in
order to keep in pace with the time. Operation management also focus on managing the resources
of company system in successful manner and intent to use it in sustainable mode. There are
number of roles of operations that are played in hospitality sector is also of prominent nature.
The tools and techniques adopted by the management have specific roles and should be selected
in appropriate manner by the organisation.
TASK
Background
Hospitality sector focuses on managing their project and plans in important mode.
Operation manager is assigned the duty of maintaining the project in successful manner so that
they can able to accomplish final objectives. Project can be of different nature and types that has
to be identified by the manager. Majorly, project can be divided into three types that is material
management, service or both. It basically focus on performing operational functions in
sustainable manner. Hilton hotel was founded by Conrad Hilton in 1919 and purchased the
Statler hotel chain that focused on building largest hospitality sector in the nation. This have to
face numerous challenges in front of them related to violence from outside people. There are
various functional areas in hospitality sector that need to be integrated to run the system and
helps in establishing competitive advantage in market place. Business environment is complex in

nature and consist of many factors that influence the structure in various ways (Nicholas, and
Steyn, 2017). There are number of concepts attached to it.
 Mission statement of Hilton Hotel: They want to be most hospitable institution over
worldwide, by focusing on imparting first class services to their customers.
 Vision: They want to be excel in their services by providing innovative work experience
to people in society.
 Values: HILTON contains its value in its own name, Hospitality, Integrity, Leadership,
Teamwork, ownership, Now.
 Strategic Objectives: Hilton hotel majorly concentrate on giving best customer services
and increasing their share at significant level.
 Goals: Basic goal is to maintain higher market share and growth in the external
environment and establish competitive advantage along with other competitors.
Number of elements that are included in project management process carried out by
Hilton hotel is discussed below:
 Collecting information: At this step project or operational manger identifies the needs
that are generated in market area. Its basic target is to meet all these needs in favourable
manner. Therefore, manager draft proper plans regarding steps to be followed.
 Supply chain management: After finding out the market need or nature of customers, the
other function involves contacting the supplier that will provide the essential
requirements that will full fill the demands of customers.
 Managing Inventory: This aspect has to be carried out in proper way by manager as they
have to take decision related to inventory present in the system. In order to make project
run, inventory or raw materials are needed to reach completion of project. Managing quality of products: This is a major area that need to be looked by manager. It
involves supplying quality products to their consumers in market area. In today's world
customers do not compromise in their quality hence, proper attention is made by the
company(Rosenau, and Githens, 2011).
Models of Operation Management
The operation management can be applied in various level that has to be properly carried
out by the manager. The decisions are taken up by senior most level which frame strategic

decisions for system in Hilton hotel. It is further divided into various stage which is described
below:
 Planning process: Under this level, planning is performed for future goals that has to be
framed for the system of organisation. It may include planning for various elements
related to product dimensions, processing system, layout planning system and many
more.
 Organizing process: This type of step is concentrate on performing function of
accumulating different type of resources by manager. It involves concept related to
designing specific job that has to be allocated at right place and time.
 Monitoring process: Under this type of step, the actions which are implemented or carried
down in system. These actions that are executed has to be monitor or controlled in such a
way so that deviations can be calculated from the standard performance. The actual
actions that are performed by workers are compared with standard set.
 Controlling process: under this stage, the system that need control so that loss should not
be faced by organisation. It involve various techniques like controlling quality, inventory
management. All these process is performed in this step. There are number of cases that
has to be properly controlled so that any deviations that are find out can be minimized or
removed to significant level (Sears, 2015).
There are several models of operation management which is discussed below:
 Transformational model: This type of model is adopted by leaders to simply the
organisational structure so that complex conditions could not be raised.
 Performance management model: This model focus on continuously enhancing the
performance level of company so that it could be aligned with vision and mission of
business entity.
 Top- down model: This signifies the hierarchy between superior and subordinate level. It
highlights that superior will order their subordinates to perform particular tasks, and
subordinate have to follow their instructions.
Apart from the above models the organisation is applying some other effective model for
better collection of data and planning process some of the effective model for analysing
OPM( Operation and Project management) are as follows:

 Property technology – This process contains all the innovative factors which an
organisation use in their business process. These factors includes hardware, materials,
software. This is commonly known as “PropTech” in encompassing terms. These are also
used in analysing and addressing market problems. This analytical tools survey different
factors in market and gives a statistical analysis on it. This technology build a
information modelling tools which helps the organisation to observe both the internal
and external factors of the organisation. The Hilton hotel use this technology for
observing performance of different competitors and make plan accordingly. They carry
out their operations in consideration of the recent technology that is prevailing.
 Marketing model – There are several marketing model in business organisation one of
them is SWOT Analysis which helps to evaluates the (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity
and Threat ).Through this analysis Hotel Hilton are able to analysis different factors and
separate them accordingly so that they make planning considering every aspect e.g. Hotel
Hilton has observer that they have a better human resource management that is hotel has
a best customer feedback and retention ability. Proper marketing strategies are developed
to work in accordance to it.
 Sustainable Competitive advantage – Competitive sustainable advantage involves cost
leadership( providing values at lower price), focus (focus on service at target market )
and differentiation (delivering better benefits ) which are defined by Porter in his theory.
The Hotel Hilton are using these theory comprehensively in their business activity. This
model help the organisation to provide better service at lower price in competitive
market. This model help to analyse different business factors which allows them to
evaluate their their productivity effectively. Differentiation strategy is adopted to stand
apart from others.
From the above discussed model Hotel Hilton have adopted almost every process in their system.
For instance manager of this hotel applied transformational model in order to covert difficult task
into simple and easy so that everyone can be made acquainted with the process smoothly. On the
other hand Top- down model is also followed that specifies the chain of command between
employee and employer.
Evaluation process:

 There are some benefits attached to these models. Transformation model aids in keeping
pace with the changes that are happening in outside hotel industry. Hilton hotel have to
make strategies according to their competitors and policies that are framed.
 Top- down model signifies proper relation between superior and subordinate hence,
Hilton hotel carry out this process in effective mode.
Theoretical framework of operational Management
Framework provides base to plans and policies framed by company structure, it helps in
attaining the final goals and objectives of the organisation. It basically helps in providing several
rules or principles for controlling the system and align values in accordance with advantage of
framework process. It can be possible that company can draw various operational frameworks
that only aims in increasing the market growth and share. Framework aims in creating base
which provide route and guidance so that final path can be achieved.
Operational management combines the efforts of various key areas that yields maximum
outcome and aids in forming frame work in operation field. There are number of projects that are
carried out simultaneously and that should be incorporated in achievable mode. There are certain
framework which are very effective in operational management such as:
Just in Time : Just in time or Toyota Production System(TPS) is a method which is used
in decreasing time of production by critically analysing different criteria which is consuming
time. Hotel Hilton have effectively used JIT practices in their business activities. For example in
the peak travelling season to fetch more travellers and profit they specifically focus on those
activities which usually takes linger time in of season like they reduce the time of cleaning of
room between the traveller leaving and coming of new one . This sounds to small practice but
has a huge impact in binding the customers in their business activity.
Critical Path Analysis :They are also called as PERT analysis they are powerful
analytical tools which help in managing and scheduling critical processes. Through the use of
CPA Hotel Hilton can analyse and allot timing to their projects. This analysis help in both
planning and scheduling of their resources as well as give the luxury to monitor the each aspect
hence it used to provide transparency throughout their projects. This also allow the organisation
to take remedial action if need in business process.

Forecasting through MRP : Material Resource Planning is computer based system used
for inventory control and and computer based planning. It is involved in both inventory control
and production scheduling hence. This tool can give the better analysis of complex data which
eases the process of control the inventory. For example in Hotel Hilton the manager can easily
analysis the inventory and fulfil the requirement , this has improved the customer services and
enhance ability and productivity of the hotel.
These three models are effective tool which help the organisation for effective control of the
inventory and make effectual future planning for the growth of the organisation.
Strategic objectives of operations management
Operations management play a strategic role in any of the organisation. They have
attached responsibilities that have to be met by management of particular governing body. Some
strategic roles are discussed below:
Implementing plans and policies: This include forming plans in such a way that aids in executing
the set strategy in overall management so that they can able to attain it in operational mode.
There are various practical dimensions that has to be consider while forming particular actions.
There are number of techniques that can be applied in by management. These may consider
forecasting options that may enable to identify demand and supply so that production function
can be performed easily (Fewings, 2013).
Performing supportive function: There are number of divisions that has to be unified
together so that final aims can be realised. The strategy that is formed by superior level of
management should be flexible in nature and provide full support in decision making process.
The techniques which can be used here is Just In Time(JIT) this aids in performing the work task
in approachable way so that wastage of resources can be minimized. There are number of
advantages and disadvantages associated with this method, the manager has to consider these
factors so that loss cannot be faced.
There are some objectives that have to be applied to different parties which are
mentioned below:
 Suppliers: There are parties from which company have to borrow materials to carry out
their process. Hence, this party has to be managed properly so that they can supply
services to their client company.

 Workers: Employees are important asset of any organisational system. They need
conducive working environment for performing so that they can attain institutional final
mission and vision. They should be motivated frequently so that they can line up their
individual aims with organisational vision and mission (Hatziargyriou, 2014).
 Clients: They are indispensable part through whom products and services are produced.
Final products are reached to market place. Clients should be made happy by rendering
them high quality of services. They need to be satisfied with completing their targets or
responses.
 Shareholders: Every organisation have shareholders that have some stake in company's
capital. Therefore, institution have to make their shareholders happy and make them
contribute expeditiously according to economic condition of company establishment.
 External Environment: It comprises of society in which they are operating that include
various elements like generating employment opportunity, producing sustainable
commodities. On the other side company should make sure that environment in which
they are operating should remain neat and clean, it must not be polluted. There are
dimensions having broader scope that has to be consider by the management system.
Operations Strategy
Strategy is formulated for future actions that provide basis for drafting some actions and
functions. It achieve in achieving long term plans that concentrates in linking activities of similar
nature under one group. Strategies has to be connected between various management levels that
apply proper processes or location factor so that, it can be aligned in proper structure. On the
other side, there is another need for framing operational strategy as it assists in forming such
policies and strategies that enable particular firm to work according to their capabilities and
potential (Alexander, 2013).
There are several strategies that are implemented to different segments having some
policy and aims. These functions need to be connected with diverse sections having some path or
route that has to be formulated in accountable way. Hence, operation strategy always aims in
performing operations in such a manner so that each task can be performed in effectual
condition. There are certain strengths and weaknesses that are attached to this type of function in
company. Elements that are included in organisational system comprising number of resources,
materials, divisions that has to be combined together so that final task can be attained in

differential account. It is responsibility of top level of management who have to frame such
strategy for each level working in management. It include definite structure namely, Inventory
control, location or place, quality, product designing concept, and many other areas. All such are
included in framing strategy for hospitality sector, which mainly engross for performing such
strategy in controllable stage.
The operation strategy of Hilton Hotel:
 Property Technology: This hotel have applied appropriate technology in accordance to
current business environment so that they can have pace with changes. For instance they
have proper booking channels for customer.
 Marketing: The marketing department of Hilton hotel work efficiently and effectively to
achieve their market growth and share.
 Sustainable competitive advantage: They always concentrate on delivering quality
services that aim in fulfilling needs and wants of their prospective customers.
 Environment: They always direct in creating healthy and conducive working
environment.
 Differentiation: This concept directs on providing unique and differentiated services to
their customers so that they can stand apart from other constituted competitors.
Operations Development and improvement
Operation development refers to accepting and introducing some changes that have to be
incorporated in system for developing process. Due to number of reasons need is arise to make
many amendments in various sector. There can be possibility of small improvements in certain
areas hence these does not require much alteration in these processes. Operations improvement
defines in increasing the productivity and efficiency of existing system so that operations should
be managed. There are number of lacking areas that require continuous improvements thus, set
target can be acquired in specific time frame. Hence, operation manager have to examine various
elements that are present inside and outside the business entity that should be adopted for
improving or developing operational areas.
Evolution of operational management-
Operation management has a long history it has been designed in different ways for
different types op management practices. Operational management practices have started during

the time of industrial revolution in around 1770s in England and has been spread in different
parts of Europe and ultimately reach American continents. This management practices helps new
organisation to manage the whole industry as well as help them to expand their business in Asian
countries. A proper organisation of human resources will help them to expand their businesses.
With industrial evolution new and advanced machinery have overtaken role of human labour
this has increased efficiency of organisation as well as increased their productivity. One of the
first machine which contributes in effectual way is steam engine which has contributed in
different sector of an organisation (Hwang, 2012).
Some of the advancement of industrial revolution which demands need of operational
management -
 Production activities have become past which lowered cost of production.
 Economic growth and stability
 Evolution and development of gauging systems.
 Increase of small scale industries. Increase in jobs and opportunities for people
Scientific management practices
 This approach of scientific management was developed by Frederick Winslow Taylor,
regarded as father of scientific management.
 Analytical surveys and practical overview have changed the measurement criteria of
industries hence ultimately change the business practices and approaches of the
organisation
 the management practices have changed in may industries with inclusion of movable
assembly lines which leads to mass production in industries
 With the introduction “ Interchangeable Parts” helps in standardisation of party which
increase efficiency of batch production
different Masters have widen their theory on the management practices so that better
coordination between their human resource and machinery will increase which will eventually
help them to increase their productivity in industrial organisational structure(Lianying, 2012.).
 Concept of division of labours was used by many organisation especially in auto mobile
sector. This division of labour will allow organisation to divide their task in smaller

groups hence it allow senior level manager to observe and monitor working of the
organisation.
 With the revolution have also lead to evolution of motion economy which can be
applicable to different task in organisational sector , this theory of evolution was founded
by Frank Gilbert.
 Henry Gantt gives theory of providing rewards to their employee which can turn out to be
a motivational factor for an organisation
There is a constant evolution in industrial revolution so as their managing practices. There are
certain theories which can be found out in business organisational which has helped in
controlling and regulating different activities for an organisation. Effective management and
operational practice have increase growth rate for an organisation.
e.g. Henry Ford have affected different management tools and theories in his organisational
structure to dominate the business of automotive industry.
Different design in operational management -
Designing in operational management is an important aspect in Hilton Hotel as it focus in
increasing the efficiency in different factor of operational works like process design, product
design, facilities design and operational research. All these factors must be analysed thoroughly
which will help an organisation to increase their productivity in business market (Lindström,
2012).
Design of product and services
For formulation and designing product and services some of the basic principles must be
considered which includes customers wants, refining existing services and products , developing
new product and services, formulation of goals, translate services and product into processes.
This is a stepwise process which includes motivation, ideas, capabilities of organisation and
demand forecasting. For making advantages the organisation must be aware about of
technological changes, economic and demographic changes as well as competitive market.
Defining product and service design
Service design – it is about planning, communication and managing components to
improve quality of services. It forms fundamental interaction between customers and service
providers. It is an activity that is done for clients and deliver successfully. It has two important

aspects like degree of customer contacts and degree of variations. More the degree of customer
contact more will be productivity of organisation.
Product designs – This is a combination of business knowledge and combination of
product with economy. This covers different activities like testing, manufacturing and activities
of concept.
Difference between product design and service designs- product designing is an tangible
source where service designing intangible. Services cannot be held like inventory . These have to
be created and delivered simultaneously.
Service and product life cycle - the life must have 4 stages
Introduction – In first stage products are introduces in market replaceable that analysis
of market is very important it must help forecasting of demand in market place which will allow
organisation to understand when to launch their product in competitive market.
Growth – This stages show increase in demand for services and product, the reputation
and brand value of product grows in market hence it helps in increasing productivity of the
organisation
Maturity – it is where demand of product is steady so no more improvement in product
is needed . At these stage proper forecasting of product must be done before their dying stages.
Decline – This stage involves discontinue the product in market place(InternatBahn,
2013).
Customer sustainability ans satisfaction
services and product designs plays important role in customer satisfaction. To be successful in
market organisation must ensure that they satisfy their customers. For improving different
products the design must include researches, designs,reliability , regulatory, maintainability and
legal issues. Organisation must ensure that the must work on sustainability in designing their
products.
There are 4 factors of sustainability that are adopted by Hotel Hilton-
 life cycle assessment
 Re manufacturing
 value analysis
 recycling

Reliability – it is measurement of potential and ability of product and devices or the
whole system perform different function in an organisation. These includes working conditions,
weather or maintenance schedule
Legal and ethical measures – most of the organisation are regulated by government
regulation bodies which prevent harmful prospects for product designing. It includes product
liabilities where manufacturers are liable to customers in terms of any product damages(Fang,
2012).
Process design -
It means an organisation must plan to provide product and services. For providing values
to customers they have systematic functioning and features. This also must ensure that they
generate effective and continuous relationship between intermediate process and overall outputs.
Process planning measures -
 process requirement – it s about collection of information which will give structure to
end product. This will allow the manager monitor the process at any stage of
manufacturing process. This will minimise risk for production units as well as investors.
This advancement will allow the organisation to effectively use raw materials,technology,
improve in forecasting practices an making a effective plant layout.
 Team building – after finalizing the requirements of process for their each objectives
they plan to observe require skill level and experience which is needed for work. It is
important for the manager to make sure that all team is families to projects and goal
oriented.
 Planning and implementation- It will develop module, procedures and policies which
are needed for production units, these can be implemented by consulting and approving
by senior management team
 Audit – a regular audit will allow the organisation to monitor the process which will
decrease flaws which exist in the process , this will allow organisation aptly manage the
activity and increase their productivity.
 End of life – it is about termination of process, it is important to understand that when the
product reaches the saturation stage they have to terminate the process.
Production process- depend upon the nature of product and services the process is
divided into two parts one is continues production and other is intermitted production. These

categorisation is based on value and standardisation of services and products. It can be for a
single production or for multiple units(Yang, Chen, and Wang, 2012).
Process designs- for making the productions successful it must me make sure that they
choose best process to gather organisational objectives. For making a good process design it
must be ensured that organization must adopt a effectual strategy. Designing process must make
sure that the process must be same form starting to end. The strategy deals with, customer
participation, customer feedback technology investment and procurement of raw material. For
an overall period of tine there have been different revolution in business market and technology
plays an important role e.g. in recent times there is development in Flexible Manufacturing
System which have make the production more effective by minimising errors in business
structure.
Operational network- It is modern tool in operational management management which
has changed the decision making process.
Current scenario in decision making are characterised by -
 no coordination between decision makers in organisational culture.
 Alternatives and conflicting criteria
 focus on resources like – financial, human, time , natural etc.
 expansion and reach of organisation \
 futuristic impact of decisions
 threat of risk and uncertainty
these factors must be considered while taking decisions in competitive market.
Operational network in operational management – An effective network between
suppliers, buyers and other intermediaries will help an organisational will allow better
coordination between them. An effective communication between the organisation will allow
better coordination between different internal and external environmental structure. This will
allow hotel Hilton to analyse demand of market structure. A better network will allow
organisation to check real time price stocks, supplies and destruction in telecommunication and
transportation.

The supply chain network also affected by competition in market as it will disrupt the
communication been the customer and suppler. So for sustaining in market a supplier must make
sure that the has adequate sources and equipments for binding the customers.
They can be termed as a bridge between different people in trading practices. An
effective network will all free flow of information and trading practice which help in increasing
the bonding between them.
Network in operation management will allow better coordination in decision making
between organisation where they can interact between them to enhance planning and increase
core competence of organisation in competitive environment. An effective network can be
attained by resonating behaviours and attitudes of the people in an organisation.
Facilities in operational management - they are used for overall operation in
increasing the effect of production in business process. The role of this layout is to make smooth
flow of processes in an organisation. This allow different facilities for an organisation to take
place in business structure. Some of the factors which helps in increasing efficiency of business
organisation are as follows.
Future expansion- facilities must be made effectively sop that they can be helpful in
business expansion process. The organisation must make sure that they have flexible system and
and advance technology for smooth flow of business activity. The main goal of an organisation is
to minimise their change over timings and produce different products but still maintaining the
assembly line production rate(Aaltonen, 2011).
Movement – it must be make sure that the organisation choose some corrective measure
for easy ans and smooth flow of process in an organisation. The assembly line which is made
must be single so that it can study smooth flow of product form the raw material to final product
in a single production line. A zig-zag or a U shaped process will will be difficult to handle, it
will confuse the workflow in an organisation.
Material handling - in many small scale organisation it mus be ensured that they make
facilities for handling materials like products, containers and equipments. So it can have
minimum damages.
Output needs – facilities must play important role in making sure product meet the
business.
There are certain factors through which business organisation can help in meeting the goal.

Space utilisation – An organisation must concentrate on keeping safe their products for
future use like they can have good production house for safety of their oviducts.
Communication and support – facilities must make sure that there is an effective
communication between different department of an organisation this effective communication
will allow organisation to have better coordination between them.
Impact of job satisfaction and moral job – in every organisation employees employee
satisfaction plays a majority role in organisations structure. A healthy and satisfied employee
will contribute in best and effective way. This will ultimately help organisation to achieve their
goals(Ruiz-Alvarez, 2012).
Promotional values – promoting is a better way to make people know about their
product. Promoting through different medium will allow to increase the brand value and
expansion in market place which will ultimately increase the product value as well as
productivity of an organisation.
Safety – this must also be considered in an organisation a healthy and sound employee
will be able to contribute more in organisational business setup sop for doing that safety of
employee must be considered. Apart fr safety of employee infantilisation must make plans
making safety provisions and measures for their employees. They can make certain insurance
plans and health benefit for them organisations must use certain safety equipments in
organisational place e.g. in case of fire, fire extinguishers must be present which will decrease
damages. These are some of the important aspect which can be considered in operational
management , these will allow an organisation to make effective planning for their growth in
business as the above factors will increase core competence of people in business environment it
also provides different factor for monitoring the internal and external busyness organisation
hence will remove the flaws in business setup.
RECOMMENDATION
From the report that has been prepared there are number of areas or fields that need
improvement in Hotel Hilton. There are techniques and tools like MRP which is material
resource planning that helps in controlling inventory and production system in significant
manner. JIT which is incorporated so that wastes are not generated up to maximum level and
minimizing the production time. Thus, these tools should be properly enforced by project
manager of this hotel in coherent condition. There are strategies related to operation and project

management that only emphasis of continuous improvements and development process. Hotel
must use the prescribed model like Marketing model and Property model in their analytical
frame work so that they can have better approaches and procedures for evaluating their business
in both practical and theoretical way. There are several areas that need proper attention and
improvements so that process can be conducted in attainable mode.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it has been concluded that there are number of areas that are
included in operation and project management. There are strategies that are adopted by
hospitality sector in order to execute their work process in efficient and effective manner. Use of
different model for evaluating the business will help the organisation to analyse all internal and
external factor as well as make effectual planning and strategy in their business. There is concept
of project design which helps in creating the operation in significant mode. All these are
conducted by project manager of particular company.
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