Operations and Project Management– Assignment

OPERATIONS AND
PROJECT MANAGEMENT

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
PART 1............................................................................................................................................1
Overview of the company............................................................................................................1
Explanation of operation vs operations management..................................................................1
Conduct a review and critique of the implementation of operations management principles....2
Analyse the extent to which the operations' management of the organization in the case study.
......................................................................................................................................................4
Discuss continuous improvement as a philosophy and describe the lean principles...................5
Prepare a continuous improvement plan based on your review and critique of operations........5
M1 Review and critique the implementation of operations management in relation
methodology................................................................................................................................6
M2Analyse the effectiveness of a continuous improvement plan using appropriate theories,
concepts and/or models................................................................................................................6
PART 2............................................................................................................................................6
Apply the Project Life Cycle (PLC)............................................................................................6
A description of the PLC and an explanation of each stage........................................................7
How each stage of the PLC applies.............................................................................................8
Review and critique the effectiveness of the PLC in application to the chosen project using
appropriate theories, concepts and models......................................................................................8
M3 Analyse the rationale ............................................................................................................9
M4 Critically analyse how the use of appropriate theories, ........................................................9
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
Operation and forecast techniques is the planning process of business activities.
Therefore, production management is activity of business the management is generally
concerned with their processing of production, designing and controlling the process and re-
evaluate the business planning for enhance the manufacture of services and product (Ravinder
and Kollikkathara, 2017). Project management is the activity that helps to initiating, planning,
executing, controlling, and closing the work of a team to achieve specific goals and meet specific
objectives of the firm.
The present report is based on Operation and project management of Wilkin & Sons
Limited. It is private manufacturing company. Thus, the report will conduct a review and critique
of the implementation of operations management principles. Furthermore, report will analyse the
concept of continuous improvement in an operational context. Moreover, report will describe the
project life cycle through a theoretical perspective. Lastly, report will describe the importance of
project life cycle to chive the goal of the firm.
MAIN BODY.
PART 1
Overview of the company
Wilkin & Sons Limited is a food manufacturer company of preserves, marmalades and
associated products. There headquarter in Tiptree, Essex, England in 1885. Company serves
different types of products such as Preserves, Jams, Marmalades, Christmas Puddings, Honey,
Sauces, Chutneys, Tea, Curds, Fruit Juices, Fruit Gin Liqueurs. Thus, firm serves their product in
worldwide through their high quality of service.
Explanation of operation vs operations management.
Operation — it is ongoing process it helps to transform the stock into finished goods. Thus,
production management is managed the specific function to achieve the particular task of the
firm. Thus, this management is helps to achieve the objective of the firm by continually improve
operations of production management, in order to reduce the cost and increase the level of
produce the product , and enhance the level of cometition thta helsp to achive the competitive
advantage on daliy basis.
Operations management — This administration is the answerable for all business activity.
Thus, they manage the manufacturing operations,, accounting operations, administration work ,
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operations. IT support, and maintenance. This department responsible for controlling, organizing
and directing the operational activities of organization. It is the ongoing process the role of
operations manager is related to all business activities.
Conduct a review and critique of the implementation of operations management principles.
As said by Ravinder and Kollikkathara, (2017) it is stated that operation management is
described the operational process which is planning, organizing, and supervising are
involved. Thus, these manufacturing techniques provide the ability to firm for ensuring that
they improve their level of production for achieve higher profitability and production firm
enhance the of level of production within a manufacturing operation. This process is helps to
manage the business activity like, reduce the production cost, reduce the employees turnover cost
etc.
According to Sando and et.al., (2018) it is stated that There are different types of
principles which is Principles of Operations Planning, principal of inventory management, t,
Principles of Manufacturing Management, Principles of Distribution and Logistics, Principles of
Operations Management, Principles of Managing Operations. Program is designed to give your
employees solid foundational knowledge in the field of operations management. It is also called
APICS. Thus, These all principles provide knowledge among the employees that how to manage
the work according to the specified time. It also provides to the best the motivation among the
employees with improving the skills to make informed decisions, and the ability to achieve a
better level of performance.
Principal of inventory management
According to Ravinder and Kollikkathara, (2017) it is stated that inventory management
provides the sufficient knowledge among the employees that how to use the raw material and
machinery at the work place. Thus, this technique providing workers with a high knowledge of
their roles and responsibilities in the control of inventory. Therefore, by using this principle in
Wilkin & Sons Limited. It can create the positive impact because it provides the proper
management in inventory it helps to reduce the waste and also reduces the hazardous at the work
place. On the other side, As per the view of it is stated that inventory management is the process
which provides the knowledge among the employees so, it enhances the level of understanding.
Thus, Wilkin & Sons Limited provides the training and development programme to the
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employees. So, it creates the negative impact because the turnover of employees is increase as
providing the tanning programme.
Principles of Manufacturing Management
As said by hafiee, Wautelet and Hvam, (2018) it is stated that Manufacturing
management is provides the helps to the Wilkin & Sons Limited by enhance the production
through better management of raw material it creates the positive impact in the business. For
example, improve the quality it is one of the main advantage of production management it helps
to enhance the quality among the product and when product quality is improves customer easily
attract towards the product. On the other side, As per the view of Swink and et.al., (2017) it is
stated that this method and technique is costly as it increases the production cost. With
production technology means high machinery and technology being include with production
activities, this means a technology affects the environment due to fuel and oil sources such as
chemicals and gasses it creates the negative impact on the business.
Principles of Managing Operations
As elucidated by Shafiee, Wautelet and Hvam, (2018) it is stated that managing
operation is helps to reduce the cost of production. It helps to managing all the departments'
activity. Thus, the main objective of this management is control and manage the business activity
and improve the performance of the firm. The goal of this management is to enhance a
fundamental knowledge and understanding of the concepts and decision tools needed for
organizational process management and control involved in designing and operating the
manufacturing and distribution environment. According to () it is stated that management
operation is provides the better management tool but the cost of managing this tool is high as it
increases the expenses and cost of investment so it creates the negative impct because it
increases the liabilities of the firm.
Principles of Distribution and Logistics
As stated by Sando and et.al., (2018) it is stated that This management helps to collect
the essential raw materials for fulfilled the requirement in production. This management is best,
it provides the knowledge among the employees that how makes the deal with suppliers and full
fill the requirements with products. Thus, by collecting all material firm achieves their
production according to the needs of customer and it creates the positive impct on the firm. On
the other side, According to the Schwalbe, (2015) it is stated that distribution and logistic
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management is depended on market analysis as the bargaining power of suppliers and bargaining
power of customers. Thus, when the market analysis is not proper it creates the negative impct
on the firm performance.
Principal of operation planning
As per the view of Ravinder and Kollikkathara, (2017) it is stated that operation plan is
provides the ideas that how to makes the product and how many requirements of raw materiel
while making the product. This planing provides the ideas that how to improve the quality and
reduce the time of production. On the other side, As per the view of Perry and et.al., (2018) it is
stated that without any research of market this planning is also not successfully it takes more
time of researcher. Thus, it creates the negative impct on the profitability of Wilkin & Sons
Limited.
Analyse the extent to which the operations' management of the organization in the case study.
There are two objectives Wilkin & Sons Limited used the best methodology to achieves
the particular objective of the firm.
Reducing the movement of staff from the premises during the lunch break which is
currently
creating congestion issues in the local area.
To achieve this objective Wilkin & Sons Limited make the plan. For Example, firm can
take initiatives to start two shifts for workers as it reduce the misunderstanding and also
employees are easily done their work without any interference. Thus, to achieve this task and
managing two shifts at work place operational management is necessary it helps to manage all
the activity and also provides the better planning to implement this idea and reduce this problem.
Helping staff to develop a healthy life style which the organization believes is part of their
CSR
and will also reduce staff absenteeism.
To achieve this objective Wilkin & Sons Limited make plan. For example, firm should
reduce the work load pressure to the employees as it increase the satisfaction level. Thus, firm
also provide the holidays facilities to the workers. Therefore, Wilkin & Sons Limited can provide
the better environment such as holiday facility and reduce work load pressure it can reduce the
absenteeism.
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Discuss continuous improvement as a philosophy and describe the lean principles.
Continues improvement plan helps to improve the overall business activity. Thus, Wilkin
& Sons Limited makes this plan in order to achieve the goal of the firm, This plan helps to
managing the production, distribution, financial activity. A continuous improvement plan helps
to organization to manage all the activities this tool is designed for the purpose of improving the
operational activities such as bring gradual, regular improvement to products and services, also
include constant review on the comments, monitoring and action.
Lean principles
Lean is helps to reduce the waste and Wilkin & Sons Limited can use this plan correctly
in the business it can create huge improvements in efficiency, production cycle time,
productivity, material costs, and scrap value, leading to lower costs and improved
competitiveness.
Identify value — Wilkin & Sons Limited identify the needs of customer and make effective
plan in order to satisfy the customer.
Value stream — “value stream,” or all the steps and processes involved in taking a specific
product from raw materials and delivering the final product to the customer.
Create flow — in this stage, makes the product according to the requirements of customer. Thus,
make the value creating steps in order to achieve the particular goal.
Pull — In this stage, makes the best planning to enhance the sales. That means use the best
marketing plan to attract the customer.
Perfection — In this stage, Wilkin & Sons Limited continuously use this method to improve the
productivity and enhance the sales.
Prepare a continuous improvement plan based on your review and critique of operations.
Wilkin & Sons Limited used the lean manufacturing tool in the business to improve the
quality of product and reduce the waste by managing the raw material through identify the
demand of products. Thus, lean manufacturing provides the helps to Wilkin & Sons Limited to
improve quality by using the high quality of raw material. Therefore, it helps to identify the
requirement of raw martial. Thus, firm used this tool in the business it enhances the level of
production as well it also enhances the demand of products.
Wilkin & Sons Limited used the Process improvement tool which is Kaizen. This tool
is provides the continual improvement in the business. Thus, it helps to enhance the efficiency of
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work, enhance performance, gain rivalry benefits and fulfilment of plant, machinery, employee,
knowledge, Planning plan, manufacturing processes and plan by enhance the knowledge of
resources among the employees within the business and also enhance the knowledge among
the employees that how to use the Lean manufacturing principles and operations management
concepts to continually improve the supply chain and operational process of the business
M1 Review and critique the implementation of operations management in relation methodology
As per the view of Schwalbe, (2015)Implementation the lean manufacturing in the
business it helps to identify the actual requirement of raw material also aids to improve the
quality of product and reduce the waste by managing the raw material through identify the
demand of products.
As per the view of (Swink and et.al., 2017) implantation the six sigma in the business it helps to
improve the process of production because using this methodology it can helps to eliminating the
deficit and reduce the chance of problem.
M2 Analyse the effectiveness of a continuous improvement plan using appropriate theories,
concepts and/or models
Continues improvident plan helps to organization for achieving the overall objective of
the firm. Thus, There are different types of models and theories such as lean manufacturing, six
sigma and just in time. This all model helps to improving the level of process, helps to reduce the
waste. Therefore, just in time provides the Low Inventory holding cost and warehouse cost,
Better supply chain management,Better customer service level Less wastage. Thus, For using the
appropriate theories in the business it helps to manage the overall business activities in order to
achieve the business goal.
PART 2
Apply the Project Life Cycle (PLC) overview of the case study
This case study has described the employees' satisfaction level that how to use the
different model and theories in the business to satisfy the needs of employees. This case study is
identified the specific development projects and their planning and completion. Thus, in this
study there are two objectives, firm can achieved this objective in order to enhance the
motivation among the employees.
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A description of the PLC and an explanation of each stage
Project initiation — In this stage, its described that how to take initiative to achieve the
objective. To reduce the congestion issue Wilkin & Sons Limited can take initiatives to start two
shifts for workers, Thus, by implement these ideas in the business it helps to achieve the
objective of the firm (Mateo, 2016). On the other side, to reduce the problem of absenteeism firm
can take initiatives to provide the holiday packages and also reduce the work load burden. Thus,
to implement these ideas in the business firm can easily achieve the objective if the firm.
Project planning — In this phase, Once the project is approved and TOP manger like these
ideas. Manage move forward based on business case, statement of work, or project initiation
document. Thus, firm can move into the planning phase to achieve the particular goal. In this
phase, manager distribute the project into smaller tasks such as build your team, and prepare a
schedule for the completion of ideas.
Project execution — This is the third stage, in this stage, manager described their plan to the
Top manager and take business approval to achieve the objective, manager make a plan and
implement in the business by built the new team who succeeds this plan. Thus, manager provide
the proper guidance to team members that how to implement this procedure. Therefore, this is
the time to get to work. Henceforth, The last phase implantation phase it helps to firm for
transfer the raw materials into the finished goods . The project manager have responsibility to
manage the work by implement the new project into the business that helps to team members
which describe the timelines of manage the work, and make sure the work is done according to
the original plan.
Project closure — this is the last stage, it describes that these ideas is really works or not. Thus,
Once manager evaluate the team it has completed work on a project. Therefore, manager enter
the closure phase. In the closure phase, manager compare the actual performance with standard
performance and identify the gap and reduce the variances (Idries and et.al., 2015). Thus,
manager provides the final deliverables, identify the project resources, and determine the success
of the project. Therefore, when project is implemented this is not means that the major project
work is over, that doesn’t mean the project manager’s job is done—there are still important
things to do, including evaluating what did and did not work with the project.
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How each stage of the PLC applies
It is extremely important to implement project life cycle stages within an organization's projects
as it helps in distributing and completing the work in a defined period so that all the work carried
out within a project can be managed in time within specified criteria. Each stage of PLC is
applied in a different manner within a project.
Project initiation: In this phases need of business is identified so in this stage business case of
the project is developed to identify potential cost, benefits of the project as per their defined
criteria.
Project planning: In this phase breakdown of project into smaller tasks is done based on the
business case. For this first of all a project plan is made and based on the project plan workflow
documentation will be made (Ghaffari, M. and Emsley, 2015). This will help the project
management team in estimating the overall budget of the project. After determining overall
budget of the project cost benefit analysis will be done which help the project in analysing
strength and weakness of the alternative options used for the project.
Project execution: After approval of project plan work breakdown structure will be made which
will help in distributing the project in equal parts. This work breakdown structure will help in
building a team and each team member will be briefed about the project so that they can
complete their tasks in a proper manner.
Project closure: After execution and completion of tasks project closure report will be formed to
document all the work done within the project accurately.
Review and critique the effectiveness of the PLC in application to the chosen project using
appropriate theories, concepts and models.
The PLC gives insight about what activities are to be done to attain goals and objectives of
project. With this each stage is performed in proper way. Furthermore, PLC supports in
managing project by continuously measuring its performance. The deviations are identified and
measures are taken. The PLC helps in execution of project in effective way. Here, there are
different stages which enable in completion of project. In PLC performance of each stage is
evaluated through setting of KPI and benchmark. Moreover, KPI used are time, cost, quality, etc.
that makes it easy to measure performance of project. By this project manager can measure
performance in each stage. However, by measuring time and cost as KPI project performance is
measured and appropriate actions are taken. Also, on basis of KPI’s it is measured that which
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PLC stages needs to be improved. In PLC benchmarks are used to find out how in each stage of
PLC is going on. Thus, project is preceded with benchmark.
As per the view of Shafiee, Wautelet, and Hvam, (2018) Project life cycle is the model that
helps to implement the project in the business for the purpose of future expansion of the
business. There are different models and theories that help to implement the project life cycle in
the business. Thus, for making the effective project life cycle wilkin & sons implement the lean
manufacturing model in the business. The concept of lean manufacturing model helps to
eliminate and minimise the cost of production as this model helps to eliminate the extra raw
material by minimising the waste. On the other side, to reduce the absenteeism firm can used the
kaizen model in the business. This model helps to organize the people, improve the morale, self
discipline and quality of work. Thus, by using this model firm can provide holiday packages and
reduce work load burden it can aid to reduce the absentisiam issue.
M3 Analyse the rationale
As per the view of Choi, Cho and Chih, (2018) it is stated that project life cycle is the
process of implement the new ideas in the business to achieve the objective of the firm. Thus,
Wilkin & Sons used this process in the business to achieve the objective of satisfying the
customer through implement the ideas of managing the peoples. Therefore, there are some ideas
like managing two shifts in the work place it can reduce the congestion issue. On the other side,
to reduce the issue of absenteeism Wilkin & Sons can make the plan to reduce the work load and
provide the holidays to motivate the peoples.
M4 Critically analyse how the use of appropriate theories,
As per the view of Shafiee, Wautelet, and Hvam, (2018) implement the project life cycles is
important because this life cycle provide the step on step methods that how to implement the
project and how to achieve the objective. Thus, while making the project life cycle wilkin & sons
used the lean manufacturing model this model helps to reduce the waste as well reduce the
production cost. Therefore, to achieve the objective of project firm can provide the flexible
working hours and can take initiatives to provide the holiday packages and also reduce the work
load burden.
CONCLUSION
From the above project report it can be summarized that operation and project
management is the process of managing the business activity such as Human Resources,
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Customer Service, Accounting, Budgets, Sale, Marketing etc. Therefore, all activity that
provided helps to firm to achieve the objective. Thus, project management is helps to implement
the specific plan in business to achieve the particular objectives and satisfying employees,
customer and other stakeholders.
The report is based on Operation and project management of Wilkin & Sons Limited.
The report has covered the different planing process of idea implementation. Furthermore, report
has conduct a review and critique of the implementation of operations management principles.
Furthermore, report has analysed the concept of continuous improvement it helps to managing
the operation of firm. Moreover, report has described the project life cycle stages such as
Project initiation, Project planning, Project execution, Project closure. Lastly, report has
described the importance of project life cycle to achieve the goal of the firm.
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