Project and Operation Management Analysis

This assignment provides an in-depth analysis of project and operation management, including its key concepts, principles, and frameworks. It explores the importance of effective project management and operation management in achieving business goals and objectives. The assignment includes a report on project life cycle development, planning, and execution, as well as continuous improvement plans for financial problems. It also discusses sustainable project management through project control in infrastructure projects and managing project risk at the enterprise level. The assignment provides a comprehensive understanding of project and operation management and its application in real-world scenarios.

Operation And Project
Management

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
PART 1............................................................................................................................................1
1. .................................................................................................................................................1
2. .................................................................................................................................................1
3. .................................................................................................................................................2
4. .................................................................................................................................................3
5. .................................................................................................................................................3
6. .................................................................................................................................................4
7...................................................................................................................................................5
PART 2............................................................................................................................................5
1. .................................................................................................................................................5
2&3. ............................................................................................................................................6
4. .................................................................................................................................................9
5. ...............................................................................................................................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Operation management connected to the field of study which is afraid with the
administration of business practices to develop the highest level of efficiency possible within a
company (Alhawari and et.al., 2012). Investigation and contract governance identified in the
production globe as design and implementation of operations. There are request projections,
manufacturing scheduling, asset tracking, supplier cooperation and quality assurance that help to
effectively operate and grow a company. To understand about the report selected organisation
Tesco, which is a British multinational groceries and general commodity retailer with
headquarters in Welwyn Garden city, Hertfordshire, England, United kingdom. This report based
on the two different scenario which is consisting of statement of operation vs operation
management, formulation of operation establishment principles, apply continuous improvement
and define lean principles. Additionally, apply project life cycle and define each stage with
documents. Analysis the effectuality of PLC for project with suitable explanation models and
idea.
PART 1
1.
Tesco plc is a retail sector industry which is dealing into groceries and general
merchandise. It was founded in 1919 by Jack Cohen as a group of market stalls. On the basis of
gross revenues it is getting that Tesco is the world's third biggest distributor and the world's fifth
biggest distributor. It has stores in seven nations throughout Asia and Europe and is the UK's
market leader in food. The company has face competition in the market and their competitors are
Sainsbury, ASDA and Morrison dealing with the same goods and services. Prolonged
enhancement of Tesco's operations and business management in the face of severe rivalry in the
retention industry (Jenkins, Gornall and Cripps, 2013).
2.
Basis Operation Operations management
Definition The term of Operation relates to the
business activities in a company that is
afraid with manufacturing of goods and
On the other side operation management
is connected with the procedure of
manufacturing like goods and services
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services that is provided to end
consumers. Therefore consist of
commodity and those physical items
that may be in the kind of raw
materials, equipments, sub assemblies
and final items
includes accurate planning, organize and
monitoring to sure about the quality of
different products in cooperation with
planned standards.
3.
An organisation concentrate on operation and their management for formulate business
strategy in efficient way. It can help to accomplish goals and objectives in short period of time.
They have different types of principles that is implemented by providing product and services,
Tesco will improve their procedure and program management. The concepts shall be described
as:  Variance – It states that the fluctuation become reason of gap between standard
performance as well as actual performance of a company. To decrease the chances of
deviation as well as expenses of an enterprise after following relative principles. Thus,
Tesco focus on their logistic in respect to make the product acquirable for customers and
follow the principle to conduct their business and deduct difference among the standard
and actual performance (Kivilä, Martinsuo and Vuorinen, 2017). Organisation - A company focus on their activities and arrange operations to achieve
their long term profitability. Such as Tesco plc efficiently arrange operations of logistics
as well as supply chain through selecting beg vehicles like truck. Thus, with business
development and diversifying, The organisation will find it hard to manage all operations
to the same degree of efficiency that can function inconsistently to bring out operations.
During to these activities they may face many problems and arrange business operations
so it can lessen revenues. Change - Changes are essential to the business from moment to moment, which assist to
boost output and productivity by helping to rise revenues. With regard to Tesco business,
to properly handle its value chain as well as operations through new theory and model.
Furthermore, The alteration transfer of work which survive business activities in efficient
manner.
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 Fundamentals - According to principle, different rules and regulations are involved,
which are essential for the organization to pursue based on obtain their aims as well as
objectives. Tesco has been followed green clause for promote sustainable development as
maturation of business enterprise. The scenario of Tesco, Manager observes various
kinds of laws and regulations that contribute to company growth and sustainability.
4.
The motivation for implementing operational leadership principles is to operate in an
inadequate region as well as provide vital solutions to an organization's future requirements. The
determination of operation management is expressed below:
 Tesco plc's organisational necessity manager has made numerous attempts and developed
different strategies to decrease product costs that increase productivity and maximize the
company's profit value immediately. The main reason of company is to intensify their
productive capability for increase profit. Tesco plc adopt the principle of operation to
focus on production procedure through deducting cost (Liu, Zou and Gong, 2013).
 Operation management also helps to meet their standards by offering effectiveness in the
supply chain. Product development isn't sufficient, they also improve their provision
features to produce their goods for clients at the industry. Through particular operation
management principle, Tesco plc can efficaciously present its goods to the clients as well
as their quality. Every activity help to achieve demands of company as well as their
objectives.
 The use of multiple methods in the organisation enables to meet company requirements
that improve efficiency. Tesco plc has to embrace the inventory principle as well as the
method to concentrate on their manufacturing and methods that help improve their
quality of the product.
5.
A Continuous improvement plan is set of activities which can help to improve quality of
products or systems through significant effort. There are focusing on the feedback of customers
according to apply improvement plan. Tesco can follow ongoing planning to compound the
operations of business and make desirable result within qualify period of time.
Lean principle is a methodology which is provided maximum value to consumer through
minimising or controlling unwanted expenditure of an organisation. These principles are working
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on simple though method of filtering staffing levels irregularity and application overloading.
These principles effectively implemented by Tesco and focus on five principles like define,
value, map the value stream, create flow, establish pull and perfection. These are enhance the
whole productivity of a business (Love and et.al., 2014). Value - Here, the organisation has to define the needs, desires and desires of the clients
because if the organisation is prepared to fulfil it will bring enormous development to the
industry. In order to recognize client requirements, Tesco Plc must perform adequate
studies. Value Stream - They need to chart quality flow after analysing client requirements and it
includes delivering particular item to the client. Generate Flow - Manager finds the way to maximize effectiveness in this move and
attempts to decrease waste. Tesco Plc will produce adequate cash-flow to effectively
carry out administrative operations. Establish pull - After enhancing administrative flow, the organisation used Just In Time
strategy to concentrate on the client and their delivery process. There is no need to create
a commodity in ahead of time here. They have to take the goods as per requirement.
 Perfection – After following these steps there need to analysing of their performance
perfection with the help of lean thinking and increase system.
6.
Therefore, the continuous improvement plan for Tesco in respect to intensify their
performance which is defined below:
BASIS CURRENT
METHODOLOGIES
PROPOSED
METHODOLOGIES
COST
MANAGEMENT
A variance principle is applied
when company has dealing into
different types of products. Tesco
is retail sector company which is
managing the operations of
business rather than expenses of a
business.
The variance of a company mainly
based on the methodologies. These
are developing after the analysis of
actual and standard performance.
Along with a business can reduce
their cost, arrange their logistics
that further decrease the labour
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cost through intensive techniques.
QUALITY
The particular principle applied by
Tesco to maintain quality of their
products in efficient way. As a
result increase quality of customer
services and number of consumer
through arranging chain of results.
To arrange quality of products as
well as services focus on their
internal activities with the help of
just in time method. Along with a
business execute good provider to
obtain revenue with stock quality
and available all time.
DELIVERY
To deliver products to customers
company focus on various strategy
in respect to intensify their
delivering services and develop
value for the customers (Orji and
Wei, 2015).
In present time company take time
about six months to improve
strategy of deliver product. They
are trying to deduct period of time
into 4 to 3 months with the help of
accelerative functional skilfulness
and transfer activity.
7.
 The company mainly focus on the Total Quality of Management (TQM) approaching to
manufacturing products with quality that will help to fulfil the requirement of customers.
 Tesco Plc have operate regular research that will help a manager to recognise
requirement of customers, as result increase it's functional activities as per requirement.
 Through lean principle in efficient manner deduct wastages and it improve cost of
commodity. Furthermore, develop profitability as well as productivity. With the help of
this principle obtain goals and objectives of company.
PART 2
1.
On the basis of provided case study, there are selecting Aston martin company that is
based on Midland. It is relating to manufacturing and dealing into luxury sport cars with
attractive features to achieve competitive advantage and generate more profit. This company was
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established in 1913 by Lionel Marlin and provide services at global level. The objectives of the
business determined through project member as well as project manager.
2&3.
Project life cycle refers a procedure that consider projects of every organization. The
projects are started from initial stage and complete it for the purpose of achieving goals. All
company should focus on project life cycle that goes through from initiation to its closer. It
consider planning, organizing, coordinating and controlling of a business project (Patanakul and
Shenhar, 2012) . It covers four types of steps which is important for organization to follow and
make successful such projects. In Aston Martin, operation manager uses this process that helps to
enhance business activities effectively and maintain the productivity in business organization.
For instance, Aston Martin is manufacturing company that wants to enhance business by
increasing market share and business functions. It consider four steps which are as explained:
Business Case:
BASIS DESCRIPTION
Strategy
Aston Martin's manager changes their marketing and operating
strategy that helps increase the demand of products. Such as
company focuses on quality of products and and services that
influence customers and increase customer base. By using such
strategy it improves performance, operational activities and
implement it for achieving goals.
Target Market
The organization target global market and all over country whose
main purpose is to attracts more customers like Qatar, Denmark,
France etc. In current, company is planning to open a new
showroom in Abu Dhabi. As such company have strong
distribution network that can help to aware more customers and can
give dealership in order to sell more (Xu, Ma and Ding, 2014.).
Cost Benefit Analysis:
Particulars Situation 1 Situation 2
Costs 100000 120000
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Benefit 0 20000
(BEP point)
Costs Benefit
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000 Chart Title
Column C
Project Initiation – This stage defined as initial stage for any project because there is
need to correct planning and focus on the financial and statistical information. According to this
phase, recognise the business issues and requirement of company. Problem will be determined
with the help of developing business plan and some recommendations (Sense, 2013) .
Basis Description
Objectives There are identified objective of a company to deduct movement of
employees during to lunch. Provide help for kind easier life,
flourishing and it will define according to CSR. So as a result it
will help to reduce number of absenteeism.
Strategy To achieve their objectives it is required to organise medical camp
that will help to employees to know about their health.
Additionally, they create rest room for staff members, In which
they can have dinner and also rest.
Project Planning – According to this stage, a project manager monitor market regarding
to their product then develop effective strategy where consist of how to a project has been
performed and become successful. Most of the companies following two types of planing like
strategic and implementing planning. Through project planning prepare report regarding project
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and include detail information, whole idea (Leach, 2014). Therefore, a manager of Aston Martin
create different types of strategy to obtain their objectives that is advantageous for the employees
and also for company.
Project Plan:
Basis Description
Cost For accomplish objectives of company have to face about £70,000 due to
develop rest room as well as medical camp.
Communication As per efficacious communicating with a business, a project manager
motivate to their employees through discussion about the problem. As a
result improve effectiveness of services.
Quality For improve quality of the job they do they are mainly concentrate on
staff members and on their performance. As per the high absenteeism at
the working area will deduct worker performance and productivity. A
project manager have to accomplish their accusative in reference to
increase manufacturing and revenues (Weglarz, 2012).
Gantt Chart:
Work Break down Structure
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Project Execution – At this point, every company formalize and project leader must
guide and attempt to prevent mistake through all the various methods and behave as a lean
principle and six sigma since preparation. In accordance with this phase, managers assess and
regulate all operational activities in order to increase their efficiency. After this project has been
formulated, the director checks the quality of the product of the clients and identifies their
fulfilment.
Project Closure – In the last stage of each project all the members are communicating
and decide the project execution and completion. With regard to Aston Martin, project manager
will assess the duties performed or not performed on a timetable based. Ultimately, project
manager determines whether or not many of the goals are met. If yes than it is a reason to get
success and help a business to accomplish profitability (Zeng and et.al., 2014).
As per the whole project life cycle, a company prepare effectual strategy in reference to
apply in impressive way and get their business goals and objectives.
4.
It is essential for each organisation to efficiently manner applied project life cycle to
accomplish growth. Therefore, it is required to precede concept, regulations and different
specific directions through Waterfall Model. A business recognises potency of project life cycle
that is described above:
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 Requirement – According to this phase a manager determine the necessity of resources
which is utilised at the applying their strategy. There are consisting of human resource
for conduct operational functions and financial resources to finish their monitory
requirement. Design - Therefore, project managers must guarantee that all operations are carried out
on time in accordance with the period of time for the layout. For this, managers utilise
autocratic style of leadership that allows to compete on time with all tasks. Development - This phase involves the implementation of the scheme utilizing suitable
techniques including complete leadership skills. It helps the project manager to create
premium products to meet client requirements and meet their expectations. (Kerzner and
Kerzner, 2017).
 Testing and Maintenance – Business tests applied by company for its efficiency after
project implementation or if any enhancement requires it provide them in the correct
manner. The guidance of project uses it to examine the efficiency and the present
condition.
As per the above mention steps, a project manager of Aston martin determine effectuality
of project life cycle. Through these steps a company able to intensify productivity as well as
productivity.
5.
METHODOLOGIES SMALL-SCALE PROJECTS LARGE-SCALE PROJECTS
Six Sigma
Labelling is the technique
utilized for a small-scale project.
It provides cheap price and is
used for repeated job that
increases efficiently.
As per the large scale project,
There is utilised six sigma
approach which can help to
improve organizational process.
Through this approach recognise
any production fault and error that
influence the productivity as well
as profitability.
Lean Principles According to this method a
project manager try to ignore the
In the context of large project
adopted this approach for
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cost of those thing which is not
utilised for company.
operating medical camp for the
staff members to check their
health. Through this method
reduce not precious act.
CONCLUSION
As per the above report, it has been concluded that project & operation management
provide direction to a company to convert their raw material into finished goods to provide end
users. To spread out of their business activities with the help of different operational principles
that will influence to productivity as well as profitability. Furthermore, through project life cycle
develop proper planning and execute of every activities in efficient manner to achieve their goals
and objectives. A company utilise continuous improvement plan to intensify their fundamental
activities. It can help to recognise financial problems and find out appropriate solutions.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journal
Alhawari, S., and et.al., 2012. Knowledge-based risk management framework for information
technology project. International Journal of Information Management. 32(1). pp.50-65.
Jenkins, A., Gornall, L. and Cripps, H., 2013. Lessons for safe design and operation of anaerobic
digesters. Loss Prevention Bulletin, (229).
Kivilä, J., Martinsuo, M. and Vuorinen, L., 2017. Sustainable project management through
project control in infrastructure projects. International Journal of Project Management.
35(6). pp.1167-1183.
Liu, J. Y., Zou, P. X. and Gong, W., 2013. Managing project risk at the enterprise level:
Exploratory case studies in China. Journal of Construction Engineering and
Management. 139(9). pp.1268-1274.
Love, P. E., and et.al., 2014. A benefits realization management building information modeling
framework for asset owners. Automation in construction. 37. pp.1-10.
Orji, I. J. and Wei, S., 2015. Dynamic modeling of sustainable operation in green manufacturing
environment. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management. 26(8). pp.1201-1217.
Patanakul, P. and Shenhar, A. J., 2012. What project strategy really is: The fundamental building
block in strategic project management. Project Management Journal. 43(1). pp.4-20.
Sense, A. J., 2013. A project sponsor's impact on practice-based learning within
projects. International Journal of Project Management. 31(2). pp.264-271.
Weglarz, J. ed., 2012. Project scheduling: recent models, algorithms and applications (Vol. 14).
Springer Science & Business Media.
Zeng, X., and et.al., 2014. Water transfer triggering mechanism for multi-reservoir operation in
inter-basin water transfer-supply project. Water resources management. 28(5). pp.1293-
1308.
Kerzner, H. and Kerzner, H. R., 2017. Project management: a systems approach to planning,
scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley & Sons.
Leach, L. P., 2014. Critical chain project management. Artech House.
Xu, X., Ma, L. and Ding, L., 2014. A framework for BIM-enabled life-cycle information
management of construction project. International Journal of Advanced Robotic
Systems. 11(8). p.126.
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