Operational and Project Management

This study material provides insights into operational and project management. It covers the challenges faced by project managers and how to overcome them. The content includes case studies on the Airport Transportation System, Air Traffic Control System, and Terminal Four Refurbishment project.

OPERATIONAL AND
PROJECT MANAGEMENT

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
Scenario 1: The Airport Transportation System..............................................................................3
Why ATS project manager believed it was not possible to carry out project for less than £16
million..........................................................................................................................................3
Presenting the entire working .....................................................................................................4
Scenario 2: SverigeTech: Air Traffic Control System.....................................................................7
Scenario 3: Terminal Four Refurbishment project- project analysis...............................................8
Progress achieved.........................................................................................................................8
Highlighting the problems that are now arising...........................................................................8
Assigning colour code to each and every task.............................................................................9
Expected completion date for an entire project.........................................................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Operation management is one of the most important function of business, accountable for
managing procedure of creation of services and products. It includes organizing, controlling,
planning, coordinating and handling all the existing as well as new resources required to
manufacture goods. Project management is the activity of executing, initiating and closing work
of group of people to achieve business goals & objectives and meet particular success criteria
desired time. The current report is based on Snowham international airport expand regional
airport in South of England, UK. They cater its services to number of airlines which are
continuously using their facilities. This study explain why ATS project manager believed that
carrying out the whole project is not possible for less than 16 million. This report justified
planning issue using resource histogram to determine any resourcing issues, reschedule plan to
eliminate need and to determine start date of testing week. Furthermore, this study clarified
progress achieve on stage task and highlight any issues that are now arising.
Scenario 1: The Airport Transportation System
Why ATS project manager believed it was not possible to carry out project for less than £16
million
Airport transportation system is convenient and quick way to get around Snowham
international airport. Airport shuttle used bus or other transport services to transport their
passengers within airport safely. Due to suffering from their own success with increasing number
of consumers, airport decided to planned and implement Airport transportation system that helps
to improve their transportation efficiency and affectivity rather than past three years. Snowham
Airport authority after varied revisions estimate the cost of project completion is more than £12
million. But project manager of ATS believe that it is impossible to deliver and complete project
for less than 16 million, because the major part of airport transportation system required a lot of
fund. Procurement manager give updated statement to airport authority about projected and plan
costs, which is clearly defined the actual cost required to deliver project effectively. The
underground tunnel construction process needed a lot of efforts and money, because it demands
skilled labour and the best technologies that is quite expensive. Tunnel construction is the main
part of this project, it is underground passenger way used for airport transportation, they will be
used for carrying people and their luggages to the terminals within airports. The machines
required to create underground terminal goes higher. TBM crew is more expensive resource in

this project, they demand good amount of money to deliver project on time. When the crew
members work at night or weekend shift, it increases the cost more than estimated budget
(Harrison and Lock, 2017). According to the project manager, when people work in night shift,
the extra cost increase more than about 20%, that increase project completion cost which is more
than 12 million accordant to the airport authority. Electrical services, test subway systems and
other stages in airport transportation system project plan, needed extra efforts and money as well.
Therefore, due to increase in the cost and decrease the time, Project manager of ATS believes
that it is not easy to carry out the project less than £16 million.
Presenting the entire working
Project
Task
Mode Task Name Duration Start Finish Predecessors
1 Prepare station sites 2 wks Wed 2/12/20 Tue 2/25/20
2 Construct platforms 5 wks Wed 2/26/20 Tue 3/31/20 1
3 Install CCTV systems 1 wk Wed 4/1/20 Tue 4/7/20 2
4 Fit terminal escalators 2 wks Wed 4/1/20 Tue 4/14/20 2
5 Erect information boards 1 wk Wed 4/1/20 Tue 4/7/20 2
6 TBM tunnel work 20 wks Wed 2/26/20 Tue 7/14/20 1
7 Fit electrical services 3 wks Wed 7/15/20 Tue 8/4/20 6
8 Install ventilation 2 wks Wed 7/15/20 Tue 7/28/20 6
9 Lay railway track 6 wks Wed 8/5/20 Tue 9/15/20 7,8
10 Test Subway system 1 wk Wed 9/16/20 Tue 9/22/20 3,4,5,9

Critical Path
Particulars Amount
Fixed cost 2000000 2000000
Project team 200000 4000000
TBM and equipment 300000*20 6000000
TBM Crew 100000*20 2000000
Total 14000000
From the above table, it is critically analysed that project manager require 14m euro in order to
complete the work within 301 days. Moreover, it is also determining from critical path that by
using task 1,6,7,9,10 the entire project will be completed on time. That means project manager
require 224 days.
Revised Plan
Gantt chart
Task
Mode Task Name Duration Start Finish Predecessors
1 Prepare station sites 2 wks Wed 2/12/20 Tue 2/25/20
2 Construct platforms 5 wks Wed 2/26/20 Tue 3/31/20 1
3 Install CCTV systems 1 wk Wed 4/1/20 Tue 4/7/20 2
4 Fit terminal escalators 2 wks Wed 4/1/20 Tue 4/14/20 2
5 Erect information boards 1 wk Wed 4/1/20 Tue 4/7/20 2
6 TBM tunnel work 8 wks Wed 2/26/20 Tue 4/21/20 1
7 Fit electrical services 3 wks Wed 4/22/20 Tue 5/12/20 6
8 Install ventilation 2 wks Wed 4/22/20 Tue 5/5/20 6
9 Lay railway track 6 wks Wed 5/13/20 Tue 6/23/20 7,8
10 Test Subway system 1 wk Wed 6/24/20 Tue 6/30/20 3,4,5,9

Critical Path
Particulars Amount
Fixed cost 2000000 2000000
Project team 2600000
TBM and equipment 325000*8 2600000
TBM Crew 325000*8 2600000
Total 7200000
From the above table, it is analysed that project manager require 7200000 euro only when it
increase cost and minimize time. Thus, as compared to planned project schedule, project
manager requires only 217 days which means less than 84 days from project. Moreover, critical
path of both plan is same, but it is analysed that by using revised plan schedule, project manager
may easily complete the project in specified time by taking shortest path i.e. Task 1,6,7,9,10 i.e
in 140 days.

By comparing revised plan with project 1, it is analysed that project manager chooses
revised plan as compared to first one because project manager mainly focused upon those project
which require low cost and less time. In the same way, choosing revised plan of TBM and
equipment which are used for 8 weeks are beneficial as compared to other. Hence, selecting 2nd
project which require 7200000 within 140 days.
Scenario 2: SverigeTech: Air Traffic Control System
As per the case study it is analysed that project managers faces an issue of resources
location and that is why, it is analysed due to not having sufficient resources the project planning
got affected and also leads to delay the entire project too. Further, this also leads to cause
bottlenecks and therefore, affect the entire project and generate the need of re-scheduling as well.
Further, after resigning of Akesson, new project manager requires extra engineer but qualify only
five engineer which is low number and it is not possible to deliver the project on time. Further, it
is also recommended to the Sverige Tech to get the best performance and results from the
resources, project manager should also make sure that manage the workloads in order to avoid
over and under allocations. Such that they may use Professional services automation software
which in turn assist to see the effect of changes in order to allocation of resources from their
overall schedule (Fewings and Henjewele, 2019). On the other side, it also leads to increase the
overall performance of employees and improve the ability to meet the project goals as well.
In order to reschedule the plan which also eliminate the need of additional engineer. For
that, it is recommended to the project to start taking extra work from the existing engineer in
which project manager have to pay extra. Moreover, in order to rescheduling the overall project,
air control module is done by 2 engineer only from week 1 to week 9, further, for ground control
module, 2 engineer assigned but make sure that its must be completed within week 2 only. As it
is analysed that these work is depended upon each other and that is why, they should consider
and also complete the same. On the other side, flight clearance module and for terminal control
module, 2 engineer simultaneously used for the two system (Kerzner, 2018). On the other side,
for Integration, 3 engineers may also used instead of 4 so that it will not affect the overall
project. Lastly. Fro testing, only single engineer is assigned who can test the project and take
action which is required.
Therefore, for rescheduling the plan, the estimated date for this project is 15 may which
assist to meet the define aim and objectives.

Scenario 3: Terminal Four Refurbishment project- project analysis
Progress achieved
Particulars Planned Actual Variance
Check- in facilities 100 70 30
Baggage Handling
Services
100 40 60
Building Services
100 15 85
Circulation areas
100 60 40
Work on Concessions
units
100 Not started I.e. 0 100
Thus, it is clearly reflected that project manager planning to complete the project within 6
months. Such that Check in facilities will be completed within 3 months from January to March
but on March, the actual progress of this task is only 70%. While on the other side, Baggage
Handling Services was estimated to complete up to April but deviation shows that 60% of the
total work is still pending on March. In addition to this on March 1st, It is analyzed by project
manager that building service is 85% pending which clearly reflect that it took lot of time for
completion. Moreover, the current status of circulation areas is 60% completed that reflect it
needs 40% more for the completion of the project. Thus, it shows that project require some
additional months in order to complete the project. Hence, there is a wide difference between
planned and actual task therefore, majority of the task is fall under the category of Red i.e. Task
in progress which falling more than 5% behind the plan.
Highlighting the problems that are now arising
In order to refurbishment of terminal, project manager may face different issues such
that:

Lack of Time management: It is consider one of the major issue that affect the project
because it is analysed that Terminal Four structure needs to be completed within the six months,
and the current status shows that entire project is completed up to 70% only. Time and
communication is also proving to be a challenge for project manager and as a result, it cause
delay the refurbishment of terminal (Kerzner, 2017).
Human Resource: Another challenge which project manager faces because it is not easy
to manage people and team because of good scale and size. Thus, project manager needs to make
effective planning that assist to manage entire team as well as minimize the issue of delaying the
project.
Structural challenge: Another important challenge that may also cause negative impact
upon entire refurbishment of terminal. It is so because, every time, the planning is change which
may cause negative impact. Such that the work scope of this project is divided into six stages
such that Check-in facilities, Circulation areas, Baggage handling services, concession units,
building services and Terminal support services. Thus, due to sudden change in the overall
facility takes lots of time and as a result, project manager did not meet the defined time
(Meredith, Mantel Jr and Shafer, 2017).
Communication issue: It is another issue which Project manager face while delegating
roles and responsibilities to their team members. Further, this problem rises more, when project
manager have any inexperienced team members who have lack of skill in order to handle any
task. This challenge is also slows down the progress of entire work and sometimes it also lead to
termination of the project as well. Thus, it is quite important for the project manager to make
sure that they provide effective training to their employees and this will assist to make proper
coordination with the team members.
Assigning colour code to each and every task
Red Task falling more than 5% behind plan
Amber Task which is not yet started
Green Task completed or else, 5% ahead of plan
Check-in facilities
Baggage Handling services

Circulation areas
Building services
Work on concession units
From the above, it is analysed that majority of the work is not completed because most of
the work is falling more than 5% behind the plan, and these task is Check-in facilities, Baggage
Handling services, Circulation areas and Building services, that is why, it fall under red colour
While on the other side, Work on concession units is that task which is not yet started and
therefore, it fall under Amber colour. None of these mention five task will fall under green
colour because there is no task which is completed ahead from March onward.
Expected completion date for an entire project
After analysing the project progress, it is analysed that most of of work is not completed
as per the defined deadlines and that is why, the expected date of completion of the project is 30th
September. It is so because, Check in facilities is proceeding well and as per the progress
analysis, it is now completed only 70%. Further, Baggage handling services is also 40%
completed and Building services at early stages is also 15% completed. Thus, it is clearly
reflected that project is delayed from its actual deadline such that with the effective planning,
project needs only 6 month i.e. up to June, but actually it will be completed up to September due
to Work on concession is not yet started. Hence, this is also evaluated that due to having high
variance from planned and actual estimation, the project got delayed and also takes 3 months
more in order to refurbishment the entire project of Four Terminals (Heagney, 2016).
CONCLUSION
By summing up above report it has been concluded that for case scenario 1, project
manager chooses revised plan because the total amount spent for completion of project is
720000, while on contrary, actual project requires 14000000 which is quite high. Thus, it is
reflect that project manager always select that project whose cost is low and require low time as
compared to other. From case scenario 3, it is analysed from progress analysis that majority of
the work is not completed up to March and thus, there is a wide difference between planned and
actual working performance. Moreover, at the time of refurbishment, project manager also faces
different problems such that Structural challenge, lack of human resource, lack of time
management which may delay the entire project as well.

REFERENCES
Book and Journals
Fewings, P. and Henjewele, C., 2019. Construction project management: an integrated
approach. Routledge.
Harrison, F. and Lock, D., 2017. Advanced project management: a structured approach.
Routledge.
Heagney, J., 2016. Fundamentals of project management. Amacom.
Kerzner, H., 2017. Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and
controlling. John Wiley & Sons.
Kerzner, H., 2018. Project management best practices: Achieving global excellence. John Wiley
& Sons.
Meredith, J. R., Mantel Jr, S. J. and Shafer, S. M., 2017. Project management: a managerial
approach. John Wiley & Sons.