Project Management and Sustainable Development Principles

The provided text is a collection of research papers and articles on project management and sustainable development. The papers discuss various aspects of project management, including planning, control techniques, and the incorporation of sustainable development principles into minerals processing design and operation. Additionally, the text covers PPP arrangements in airport development, sustainability indicators in construction projects, and the future of operations management. The summary aims to provide a brief overview of the content, highlighting key concepts and methodologies for implementing sustainability in projects.

Operations and Project
Management

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1 Review and critique of execution of operation management principles................................1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
P2 Continuity in improvement plan based on review and analysis............................................4
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................6
P3 Stages of PLC with business case, project plan and work breakdown structure...................6
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................10
P4. Effectiveness of PLC in application of project...................................................................10
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12
.......................................................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Operations management is identified as an execution and planning of routine work or
operations in the manufacturing worlds, covering production planning, supply chain
collaboration, demand forecasting, quality management and inventory control. Along with them,
project management is a best term that depict execution and planning of non-routine work in the
business worlds, besides the controlling, monitoring, closing and initiation of projects (Antonio
Martins and Ramos Martins, 2012). Thus, operation and project management is highly essential
for both the survival and development of an organisation. In the present assignment, chosen
company is Indesit, it is one of the leading European distributors and manufactures of main
domestic home appliances such as washing machines, dishwashers, hoods and so on. This report
is divided into different parts which are includes, implementation of operations principles,
improvement plan and many other. project life cycle stages, work break-down structure and
project plan also included in this assignment.
TASK 1
P1 Review and critique of execution of operation management principles
Operation management is introduced as the administration of company practices in order
to develop maximum level of effectiveness or performance within an enterprise. It is mainly
concerned with exchanging labour and material into services and goods in an effective manner. It
is essential and important for the company to maximise their profitability and productivity ratio
by satisfying needs and wants of customers. It is also known as management area which
concerned with planning and monitoring the production process and redesigning business
functions or transaction in the manufacture of services and products.
Operation manageable mainly deals in controlling and designing of production activity. It
is essential and foremost functions in Indesit beside this finance, supply chain, marketing,
research & development, human resources and many other department (Beringer, Jonas and
Kock, 2013). In this operations manager needs both plan of action as well as daily basis process
of services or goods production. In order to manage all activities, manager of the Indesit apply
different process and aspects, including product design, quality management, facilities planning,
operations and capacity strategy, inventory control and many other. All these are highly requires
in order to analysis actual situation and identify accurate solutions to raise effectiveness and
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performance of production process. There are some principles of operation management that are
applied by the Indesit are as below:
Operation management principles: There are chiefly ten principles of operation management
which are important for the business growth and success. These are determined as below:
1. Reality: It is one of the main and essential principle of operation management which
should be emphasis on the issues, rather than tools and techniques.
2. Organisational: It is another principle which is used by the Indesit to accomplish long
term goals and objectives in limited time period (Blomquist and et. al., 2010). In this
production and manufacturing process are interconnected.
3. Fundamentals: This principle also known as Pareto rule which is applicable and useful
to business operations. For example: 20% of progress existing from application on
innovative approaches to processes and eighty percent from invariable adherence to
handling disciplines and records.
4. Accountability: In this role of manager is to set appropriate rules and regulations and
define duties of their employees. They also responsible for checking if goals or objectives
are met as well not.
5. Variance: In this principles, variance of production process and activity has to be
promoted. It is managed by the manager with aim to gain maximum number of money.
6. Causality: This principle help business manager to highlight all issues and problems
which are arise in the organisation.
7. Managed passion: Role and responsibility of the administrator to manage their
employees passion level. Thus, it is essential for the Indesit to increase productivity and
effectiveness.
8. Humility: It is a error and costly process, so it is not valuable for the small size
organisation. But such principle support the Indesit and its manager to acknowledge their
limitation and regulation, “get assist, and turn on (Brauers and Zavadskas, 2010).
9. Success: This principle assist the business manager in order to identify needs and interest
of the clients regarding company products and services. So it is beneficial for the
organisation to achieve long term success and growth in marketplace.
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10. Change: Variation in the methodologies and theory are effects on business performance
and profitability. It is needed by the company to manage and enhance it and to
accomplish long term advantages in limited time period.
Both are important and essential for the Indesit to enhance their product quality. Six
Sigma includes five steps which are determine as below:
Six Sigma: It is refers as patten which is applied by Indesit with aim to enhance quality and
standard of operation management (Burke, 2013). It will support the business manager to save
time and decrees cost of additional products. It is also assist in reducing all issues about quality
and operation management. There are some steps which are includes in this elements are:-
Define: It is a first process in which role of manager is to define system, needs and wants
of the customers and project goals.
Measure: It is second phase which is important for the company to analysis accurate data
and information. So it assist the company to easily satisfy neds and wants of customers.
Analyse: In this phase, all data are collected by the administrator in Indesit in order to
investigate relationship. Under this process, it is insure that entire factors are involved to identify
major issues.
Improve: In this phase, actual process and activity in Indesit is optimized as per the
research by applying different tools like design of experiments, mistake proofing and quality
work to create innovative process.
Control: It is a last phase in Indesit to control all activities and functions in an
appropriate manner. It is beneficial for the business manager to apply control system or approach
like: visual workplace, statistical process control, production boards and so on. for continuously
controlling process.
Lean principles: It is important aspects which is used by the Indesit to execution and
performance of lean techniques (Chen and et. al., 2011). It is a process which includes some
steps, these are determined as below:
Identify Value: It is first step of lean principles in which value is identified as per the
customer's point of view about home appliances.
Map Value stream: In this process, entire activities are specified in value stream for all
home appliances. It is also essential in elimination of those step which are do not develop any
kind of value.
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Develop flow: In this value developing phase are created that go on in fixed series so that
all products will provide to clients in smooth way.
Establish pull: Under this phase, flow is determined, let audience force value from
upcoming activities.
Seek perfection: In this process, value is highly specified and determined in effective
manner. So it is essential for the company to achieve long term advantages and benefits in given
time period.
TASK 2
P2 Continuity in improvement plan based on review and analysis
Continuous Improvement: It is a best term that introduced as an ongoing effort in order
to improve. Processes, services or products (Corder, McLellan and Green, 2010). It is also
identify as a managerial accounting method of requiring large number of the person at each and
every stage in the enterprise to perpetually. It is essential for the organisation to increase their
effectiveness, efficiency, profitability and performance. This tool is apply by both managers and
their workers as well as emphasis on ways that the Indesit can enhance every aspect of its
business operations and activities.
Continues Improvement plan: It is one of the effective and essential tool which is used
by the company in order to plan beneficial sources for company. This plan includes two sources
such as promotional events and after sales services. All these are highly based on existing
performance level, improvement in strategies and expected outcomes. These are determined as
below:
Provider
Date
Source Existing level of
performance
Improvement in
Scheme or strategies
Expected Outcome
Promotional
events
Due to absence of
marketing practices and
functions, customer of
Indesit used different
kind of promotional
strategy which assist
By applying
promotional strategies,
Indesit is capable to
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the Indesit are not
capable to buy washing
machine, and many
other home appliances
as information
concentrated to goods
are not acquiring by
clients properly.
company to promote
their products and
services to the
customers and in the
marketplace. In this
they apply
advertisement, sales
promotions, public
relation and many
other tools.
maximise their sales
and profit as well as
achieve long term
goals and objectives.
With the use of this
tool they easily
communicate all
features of the
products.
After sales services Indesit not render after
sales services to the
customer's in proper
manner. In the
organisation, there are
large number of
employees are working
and aim of these is to
satisfy needs and wants
customers. They have
limited service centres
by which clients face
maximum difficulties.
It is highly needed by
the Indesit in order to
establish more service
centre to increase
customer's base in the
organisation.
Customers feedback
should be taken so that
accurate facility can be
given to them.
Perception of each and
every person are not
same. By enhancing in
plan of action and
giving better services,
Indesit is capable to
obtain better outcome
of clients. It is also
essential for the
company to attract
large number of
customers towards
brand.
Improvements of plans and its effects: Plan is very important for the each and every
organisation to attain long term success and growth (Cruz and Marques, 2011). Above
mentioned plan that identify the contentious improvement planning is more beneficial for
Indesit. In this business needs to improve their product quality as well as attract million number
of clients towards company. By implementation and formulation of new plans, all difficulties can
be removed automatically. Management needs to apply different kind of promotional mix which
assist them to introduced their new products and services in market.
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Strategies for plan implementation: Process of continues improvement planning support
business administrator in developing improvements in the home appliances and many other
process on daily basis. Customers feedback and commends also important for the company to
satisfy them and gain maximum profit. There are some strategies which is applied by the Indesit
in order to implement plan are as below:
Accurate communication channel: It is one of the best and essential part of the company
to implement an effective strategies (Fernández-Sánchez and Rodríguez-López, 2010). Indesit
should apply proper communication channels in organisation so that necessary data can be
transmitted properly. So it is beneficial for the organisation to decrease employees turnover and
maximise sales and revenues.
Good employment relation: Better relation with entire workforce help the business entity
to maximise their sales and profit in limited time duration. It will support in creating long lasting
relationship among workforce as well as maximise effectiveness of operations. Thus, with the
help of better relation Indesit easily implement strategies.
Organisational models and Theories: There are different number of theories which are apply by
the Indesit to use strategies properly. These are bureaucratic, scientific and classical model will
support Indesit in working their operations and activities in an accurate manner. All these
support in maximising productivity and effectiveness of organisation. All these theories are used
by the company to implement and formulate an effective strategy.
Concept of organisation
Functional structure- It is a type of structure there is section of activities and actions
which assist to attain targets and objectives in effectively. As they have to evaluate market in an
effective way that help business to identify basic needs and wants of the customers. In this there
is concept of enterprise in different departments. In this there is no related of action and therefore
this is cheap and impressive method.
Divisional structure- There are different factors it is which business divided in different
departments including production, manufacturing , sales, human resource management and
many other. Which assist to supports to achieve long term goals and objectives in limited time
period.
Model of organisation
There are chiefly two theories or models which are explained as under-
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Open model- This is important for Indesit, business entity to work and perform under
varied environment. It is essentials to work according to variation in plans as well as policies
which can be completed by administration of company in an effective and efficient manner.
Workforce of the company can come with innovative ideas and plans.
Closed model- In these enterprise there is boundation for workforce to perform and
execute all activities effectively. In this there is thinking of business there is no essential to
employees. Top level administration take an effective decision for the success and development
of company. Indesit company applied Autocratic management style which is important for the
progress of company within predetermined period of time.
TASK 3
P3 Stages of PLC with business case, project plan and work breakdown structure
There are certain stages which are included in order to developing a innovative products
in marketplace are as follow:
(a) Business Case: Indesit is a leading European manufactures which deals in home appliances
including, washing machine, freezers, dishwashers, cookers, hobs and ovens (Fleming and
Koppelman, 2016). The company was founded in 1975 by Vittorio Merloni at United Kingdom.
In this business entity organise a research program and make accurate planning concentrated to
production, marketing, investment and many others. Beside this, it is needed by the organisation
to chose best approach that maximise the business profitability. For introducing washing
machine in marketplace, Indesit needs to evaluate market trends and demands in proper manner.
Market research is also important for the company to identify basic needs and wants of
customers towards electronic items (Garel, 2013). Before entering with new features in washing
machine in the marketplace, they must see that it has few innovative features and quality that
attract large number of clients.
(b) Project Plan: This plan includes four stages of product life cycle development which are
determine as below:
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Illustration 1: Project life cycle
(Source: Project life cycle, 2018)
Conceptualization phase- This is the primary phase of project life cycle which identify
regarding thinking and understanding about activity via which goals and objectives that can be
executed in effective manner. This activities must be organised effectively and efficiently so
further activity can be performed in efficient way. (Gunasekaran and Ngai, 2012).
Planning phase- After making direction planning is completed in effective way. There
are different resources via which business entity can accomplish long term targets and goals
within predetermined period of time. But it is important to choose and plan action in foremost
and effective way. There are some objectives which can be attained with join try of organisation
and its members.
Execution phase- This is the another phase in which formed actions are executed in
actual. This phase is founded on planning steps as it supports to understand what has to be
finished via which actions can be developed in an efficient and effective manner. There is
requirement of accurate direction and motivation to employees.
Termination phase- This is the last phase in which actions and activities are executed
and survive is possible. If activity are not interpreted decently then there are opportunities of
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negative effect and merchandise will not be successful in business enterprise.(Kerzner and
Kerzner, 2017).
(c) Work Break-down Structure: It is one of the main and essential tool which is apply by the
Indesit in order to divided their all work and activities among different departments. Blow
mention a work break-down structure are determined the importance of product life cycle.
(Source: Work Break-down Structure, 2018)
(d) Gantt Chart: It is important tool which is applied by the company to identify all activities
and its time duration (Lenfle and Loch, 2010). So it is important and essential for the
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organisation to accomplish project goals and objectives. It is also help in implementing product
life cycle. Blow mention Gantt Chart that determined as below:
(e) Conceptual and theoretical arguments: It is also important part which is apply by company
to easily accomplish their long term goals and objectives. Above work break-down structure and
Gantt chart are beneficial tool for the company to complete their all activities in given time
period.
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TASK 4
P4. Effectiveness of PLC in application of project
Project life cycle is more essential and important for the Indesit to introduced their new
product such as innovative features in washing machine. There are different importance of using
PLC are as follow:
Effectiveness of the PLC: Project life cycle is very important and essential method which
is apply by the Indesit in order to improve their effectiveness and performance in limited time
duration (Lindström and et. al., 2012). With the help of this techniques they easily complete their
project in allotted time period. Thus it is beneficial for the organization to maximize their profit
and sales.
Designing and implementing PLC: In order to design and implement project life cycle
business entity should tries to introduced their washing machine with new feature which is
essential to develop maximum base of clients. It is also important to reduce cost of product and
increase profit.
Cost saving techniques: To apply Project life cycle business need sufficient money
which is essential and beneficial for them to accomplish log term goals and objectives. It is a cost
saving tool which is used by the organisation to innovate their new products in marketplace in
systematic manner.
Different techniques: In order to provide some important information and data about
washing machine with new features, company apply different promotion mix techniques.
Advertisement, personal selling, public relation, publicity and many other. All these are support
company to maximise their sales and profit in limited time duration.
Different theories, models and concepts: To develop an effective project like cycle
model is essential and beneficial for the company to innovate their new electronic items in
marketplace (Mir and Pinnington, 2014). With the use of this techniques they easily earn
maximum amount of money. They should tries to used marketing concepts which assist in the
achievement of long term growth and success.
Practical and Theoretical framework: It is another framework which is important and
useful for the organisation to conduct research and development program. In during this event
company easily identify needs and demands of the customers and market trends. So they are
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understood all things and requirement of clients further they tries to improve their product
quality as well as gain maximum profit.
There is needs of modify in business objectives and targets in performing company goals.
It is impressive to now what has to be completed via which variation are manageable in
organisation and they must be good for establishing innovative product and services in market.
There are different methods which has to be selected by administrator of Indesit to
recognize how outlay is effective and then activeness must be interpreted to work alteration in
concern operations. It is necessary to knowing what can be finished via which earnings are
effective for Indesit. Value analysis, production control, material control, variety reduction and
many other that must be applied to control cost as well as reduce wastage of resources. These
tools not only impacts cost but also create business operations in an effective and essential . So it
is significant to work and perform as per such tools.
There is variation in business operations, so it is important to work and perform as per
variation in business activities and functions in an effective as well as efficient manner also.
Above determined theories are used in different way according to employees perceptions and
this supports to evaluate market . While developing strategies to decrease cost, product quality
must be kept in the mind of clients or employees. Project life cycle at the start that create map
and then really implemented. There are different issues which are featured by administrator to
follow it in business functions and operations which is important to Cognize what can be
finished via which business entity goals can be accomplished.
CONCLUSION
From the above mentioned report, it can be concluded that, operation and project
management both are important part of the company to manage and control their all process,
goods and services in an effective and efficient manner. There are different tools and techniques
are used by the company to innovate their new product in marketplace. In this they use Six sigma
and lean principles, both are useful for the organisation to improve product quality and satisfy
basic needs and wants of the customers. Continues improvement plan is also useful and valuable
for the enterprise to increase their sales and revenues in limited time period. There also some
tools use such as Work Break-down structure, Gantt Chart, Business case and many other that
assist in order to implement PLC in systematic manner. Product life cycle is more essential for
the organisation to maximise their performance and effectiveness within an organisation.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Antonio Martins, V. and Ramos Martins, M., 2012. Outsourcing operations in project
management offices: The reality of Brazilian companies. Project management
journal. 43(2). pp.68-83.
Beringer, C., Jonas, D. and Kock, A., 2013. Behavior of internal stakeholders in project portfolio
management and its impact on success. International Journal of Project
Management. 31(6). pp.830-846.
Blomquist, T. and et. al., 2010. Project‐as‐practice: In search of project management research
that matters. Project Management Journal. 41(1). pp.5-16.
Brauers, W. K. M. and Zavadskas, E. K., 2010. Project management by MULTIMOORA as an
instrument for transition economies. Technological and Economic Development of
Economy. 16(1). pp.5-24.
Burke, R., 2013. Project management: planning and control techniques. New Jersey, USA.
Chen, C. and et. al. ,2011. Smart energy management system for optimal microgrid economic
operation. IET renewable power generation. 5(3). pp.258-267.
Corder, G .D., McLellan, B .C. and Green, S., 2010. Incorporating sustainable development
principles into minerals processing design and operation: SUSOP®. Minerals
Engineering. 23(3). pp.175-181.
Cruz, C. O. and Marques, R. C., 2011. Contribution to the study of PPP arrangements in airport
development, management and operation. Transport Policy. 18(2). pp.392-400.
Fernández-Sánchez, G. and Rodríguez-López, F., 2010. A methodology to identify sustainability
indicators in construction project management—Application to infrastructure projects in
Spain. Ecological Indicators. 10(6). pp.1193-1201.
Fleming, Q .W. and Koppelman, J. M., 2016, December. Earned value project management.
Project Management Institute.
Garel, G., 2013. A history of project management models: From pre-models to the standard
models. International Journal of Project Management. 31(5). pp.663-669.
Gunasekaran, A. and Ngai, E. W., 2012. The future of operations management: an outlook and
analysis. International Journal of Production Economics. 135(2). pp.687-701.
Kerzner, H. and Kerzner, H. R., 2017. Project management: a systems approach to planning,
scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley & Sons.
Lenfle, S. and Loch, C., 2010. Lost roots: how project management came to emphasize control
over flexibility and novelty. California Management Review. 53(1). pp.32-55.
Lindström, J. and et. al. ,2012. A development process for Functional Products: hardware,
software, service support system and management of operation. International Journal of
Product Development. 16(3-4). pp.284-303.
Mir, F. A. and Pinnington, A. H., 2014. Exploring the value of project management: linking
project management performance and project success. International journal of project
management. 32(2). pp.202-217.
Online
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Product Life Cycle. 2018. [Online]. Available
through:<https://captaininterview.com/2017/08/09/product-life-cycle/>.
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