Project Management and Operations Research

The provided report is an in-depth examination of project management and operations research. It discusses the importance of effective project life cycle management, from front-end to back-end operations. The report also touches on earned value project management, competency mapping in project management, and successful management of major marine operations. Additionally, it references various books, journals, and online resources for further study.

Operations & Project
Management

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1. Critical review regarding implementation of operations principle with in the organisation
context....................................................................................................................................1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5
P2. Continuity in improvement plan based on the review and analysis.................................5
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................7
P3. Apply to each one stage of the PLC along with supplying necessary supporting
documentation for the project.................................................................................................7
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................13
P4. Review and critique the effectiveness of the Product Life Cycle in application to the
chosen project.......................................................................................................................13
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................15
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................16

INTRODUCTION
Operation management is the area of management which is concerned with the designing
and controlling the whole process of redesigning and production of goods and services in an
effective manner. It is responsible for the business operations in order to use some resources in
the term of meeting customer demand and requirements. Along with this it is mainly determine
with the supervising, planning and organising in context of manufacturing or production
processes effectively. Whereas, project management refers to the practices of planning,
executing, initiating, controlling or closing the team work in order to achieve particular goals and
objectives. This present report is based on 2 Task wherein, 1st task will be depends upon the Hot-
Point which is European and American company. This organisation involves in the process of
selling, marketing home appliances. On the other side Task 2nd will focus on the Sunshine drinks
company which supplies the fruit drinks with effective flavour. Along with this entire report will
describe about significance of project management and their principles. Project life cycle or
business case will also explained. Apart with this solution of company's issues will also get
covered in this report (Artto, Ahola and Vartiainen, 2016).
TASK 1
P1. Critical review regarding implementation of operations principle with in the organisation
context.
Implementation of the operation management will usually based on the process of operations and
marketing which carry off information enables to produce or form the different type of business
strategies. As per this management team of every organisation is allotted with specific task.
There are few principles should follow by the organisation in order to achieve goals and positive
outcomes. There are some principles which are given below:
Operation Management Principles
Principle of Accountability This is based on comprehensive governance structure
which means every employee has to follow organisation
culture in an effective manner.
Principle of Success According to this preparation is the foundation of success
it depends on the needs and demand of people in order to
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accomplish their goals appropriately.
Principle of Reality In this principles, reality is based on the different tools or
techniques in the effective way. For example: firm
manager should focus on the different tools or techniques
in order to make good decision in a better way.
Principle of Organisation In this principle all department of an organisation are
interconnected also work together. That's why in this,
manager must perform their activities effectively to fulfil
their objectives.
Principle of Fundamental As per this every organization want to attain goals for the
good future. So that these achievements can helps the Hot
Point company to accomplish their goals.
Six Sigma
It is very much essential methodology which is mainly used to resolve the issues of any
firm that make few changes through using the different techniques or tools. This methodology is
very important for problem solving to the customers with the helps of supporting tools or
techniques. The main purpose of this approach is to eliminate errors from the cost. There are
several tools which are given below:
Define This step shows the ascertain needs or
requirements of the customers. In regards with
Hot-Point, it justify the requirement of
customers so that company can be able to
produce their new product with affordable
price to its customers (Fleming and
Koppelman, 2016).
Measure This step used to justify the current or actual
performance of company. It mainly measures
the overall performance of company in order to
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improve or change something in a good way.
Analyse As per this all problems and issues are
discussed within the company which create
efficiency in the manufacturing process of
products. In reference to Hot Point will gives
the better solution for future growth to its
customers.
Improve At this stage improvements are done by the
organisation in order to achieve objectives or
goals. In this Hot Point offer good solution for
each problems to their customers.
Control This stage of six sigma control the whole
processes on order to improve the monitoring
plan which is is necessary to control the entire
team within the organisation. In regards with
Hot Point will justify the specifications of new
product which was marketed by them to check
the future growth with in the market (Gilbert
and et. al., 2015).
Lean principle
It is essential approach for the whole management system which is used to remove
unessential things like product wastage and so on. This is necessary for every kind of firm from
the designing process to creation process as well as product production in an effective manner. In
regards with Hot Point company they are always able to manufacture or develop the high quality
of innovative products in order to modify productivity of firms. So that it can be said that there
are some principles which will give benefits to develop new product effectively. Are given
below:
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Define value It helps the company in order to generate
valuable new product which is explain by the
customers as they who will purchase the
product. Therefore, Hot Point will ready to
remove wastage from particular product and
make product on the basis of taste of
consumers.
Map Value Stream In this lot of information is needed in order to
develop good product without any issues. This
step involves in the stream of map value and it
will help to achieve business targets at the each
stage of product life cycle. In regards with Hot-
point, it will helps the manager in order to
evaluate all functions which are related to task
that is allotted for all employees like supplying,
designing and providing better strategies and
techniques in an appropriate manner.
Create Flow This stage helps in supplying the material and
eliminate unessential errors which generally
raise in the time of completing the all operation
of business as well as accomplish the needs of
customers. (Glukhov, Ilin and Levina, 2015)
Set up Pull This is same as the JIT approach which defines
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the all needs and wants of customers that are
accomplish to satisfy them in a particular way.
Pursue Perfection In this stage it is tough to originate the products
from the firm at the same order. Therefore,
Hot- point may take necessary adoption of new
technology within the company in order to
generate qualitative or significant product in an
effective manner.
Positive aspect: By using these sort of principles and strategies in Hot Point, they can
make their goals and objectives for betterment of future so that they can easily sustain for long
period of time within the specific time frame. On the basis of using these terms this organisation
can enhance their productivity at higher level.
Negative aspect: On the basis of these terms some time company is not able to attain
their goals and for making these kind of strategies they can face different challenges as well as it
creates problems by implementing on the different aspects.
TASK 2
P2. Continuity in improvement plan based on the review and analysis.
BASIS APPROACH/PRINCIPLE IMPLEMENTATION
Quality
In order to have good quality of product
is essential to any kind of firm in an
effective way. In reference to Hot Point
mostly use the Total Quality
Management to prepare proper quality of
goods in a more flexible way, so that it
can attract the customer positively.
In order to enable the new quality of
product, the firm should determine the
lean principle of manufacturing for
changing the quality of goods.
Cost To evaluation the overall cost of latest
launching products, Hot point will take
In the determination of cost, company
should follow the six sigma this is
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lot of resources for making the benefit for
people for contentious changes in the
exist product (Harrison and Lock, 2017).
because it helps the Hot point in order
to increase the performance level of
several employees so that this also
reduce the product cost in order to
achieve targeted goals or objectives
effectively.
Delivery
This concept based on the control or
manage the manufacturing or supplying
process of products in order to create
more and more new product which can
launch at higher scale of market without
any issues.
Definitely, firm always used the six
sigma approach in order to satisfy the
customers in a successful manner with
different products. Most of the time six
sigma defines the analyse, measures,
control and changes in product of any
kind of firm so that this process can
help the company. It also deliver the
product at right time in a specific way.
Safety
In this point whenever product is
originate through the company, than
company faces lot of challenges in
regards with safety of that particular
product. So that lean production can
helps the Hot point in order to solve their
issues or problems in relation with any
security issues.
In order to protect product Hot point
will use the production of lean principle
which will help them to remove any
kind of issue or problems. So by this
concept company can easily develop
the good quality of product which can
enhance the company's goodwill or
sales and revenue at higher level
globally.
Effectiveness of Non Stop Improvement Plan:
In reference to the Hot point they always focused on pricing as well as strategy of quality for
new or different products which was developed by an organisation. In this six sigma approach is
very important in order to create effective product which helps to eliminate the errors which raise
in the products. In the regular process of changes or improvement is done by getting the
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customer feedback or the outcomes. That's why this concept increase the loyalty of customers
and their trust towards the brand. There are different types of operations which is usually
followed by the firm in order to change the product. Given below:
Priority to employee's need – In this scenario the operation manager of Hot point
always focuses on the need or demand of the customer and keep them first priority ever to
maximise the efficiency of company. This is very much important to give all facilities to their
staff members because they are the one who always maintain or communicate and interaction
between the organisation or customers in an effective manner (Kerzner and Kerzner, 2017).
Good relationship of Employee-employer – It is also very much essential for company
manager and their leaders also that build strong relationship in between the employer or
employee in order to achieve specific goals and objectives in an appropriate manner. So that
here, employee or employer are only the one who are responsible to identify the working
environment in a positive way. By this concept company can easily make strong relation with
their team members also take first priority of employees in a direct way.
Better acceptance of new ideas - If an organisation used to accepting the status , new
projects that all seems like negative. But with the help of regular changes in the company term
will get used different ways of working in order to change the environment effectively. This
shows the working efficiency of employees or company as well.
Increased motivation – When company provide analysation of work and change the way
of work that makes organisation smooth and easier in a simple way. By this employee can get
highly motivated in the sense of making good decision for the specific product as per the
customer requirement. So that employees will be more excited about their career or growth as
they heaving positive impact on the economy of company in an appropriate manner directly.
This also helps the company's workers and their employees in order to make company in an
effective manner. On the other hand, employees of Hot point need to increase their regular
improvement so that they can easily make good decision making process in an appropriate
manner in the customer's desirable manner. On the other side the main purpose of making
continuous improvements in order to make each and every aspect in a easier, better, cheaper,
faster or more profitable way of business (Kundu and et. al., 2015).
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TASK 3
P3. Apply to each one stage of the PLC along with supplying necessary supporting
documentation for the project.
At the time of establishing new project it is very much essential to understand
environment in which project is develop. To develop a successful project is it important to do
effective and efficient planning. Planing will provide a proper framework on which project will
be develop. Planning involves in the analysation of project till the end point stage and life style
of project. On the other side, project emphasise different kind of ideas which is generally related
to data integrity, objective of project, relevant factors for success of project, systematic decision-
making etc. All these ideas will help in development of successful project and life cycle of
project. PLC also involves in various types like raw material that can be utilized in development
of project and effective utilisation of resources helps in developing project timely.
At the time of Sunshine drink company they launch their energy drink that is spring
water. But as per the market scenario there are lot of drinks which are commonly available in the
market place. For this, company has to be must aware about these factors throughout watching
news, advertisement and so on in order to attain desired goals and objectives in an effective
manner. That's why all these factors are much essential to make an organisation effective. Apart
from this Sunshine company uses unique or various kind of qualities in product in order to attract
customers so that it will helps in company to make potential customers. With this company also
has to considered different type of strategies and knowledge about natural factor in order to gain
competitive advantage. By this they can get good ideas on the basis of market condition and also
able to make different flavoured drink effectively. PLC determine the 4 stages, which are as
following under:
Initial stage: This stage of PLC justified and identify needs for developing new project.
It includes business needs, problems or issues, opportunity for developing a new project. All
these factors are very helpful in order to set right plan for achieving objective of new project.
During this step Sunshine company will figure out objective and motive of this project and
determine major deliverables for the project.
Planning stage: In this stage proper planing of each and every step of project is
developed. Project manger needs to break large project into small task, identify and build strong
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team member who assist in project. Create and divide task in team and each task should be
achievable within the time frame.
Execution stage: At this stage actual execution of plan will take place. In third phase of
PLC, it is responsibility of manager to keep a track on activities of conducted by team and
development of project. Project manager have to ensure about task completed by team members,
manage timelines and make sure work done according to original plan.
Closure: This is the last stage of PLC, once all the task has been successful achived by
team project enters in closure phase. Now project will be carefully evaluated with the
requirements to be filled with this project. Corrective measure are taken in this stage if any
required. (Lam and Lai, 2015).
Project methodologies:
According to this methodology, variable task is the scope, time and cost. In this
framework company mainly take initiate in order to gain better result or outcomes of projects.
Therefore, at the time of implementation of project adjustment for enhancing the business values
effectively.
Tools:
Several charts and Gantt chart will be further discussed that will helps the sunshine
company in order to judge different activities in relation with the establishing new product or
development such as energy drink with the flavour of spring water which starts from the
developing ideas for forming final product with in the market.
Business case:
This business case is related with the several resources like funds, raw material,
manufactures, electricity and power and so on. These all are needed for sunshine company in
order to make innovative or unique product with in the market place.
Executive summary:
This business case will cover the future development opportunities in order to establish
energy drink with the flavour of spring water. Therefore, this business study involves in the
several issues or problems and generally focuses on the action plan in order to accomplish goals
and objectives.
Problem or opportunities:
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In this statement opportunity is that sunshine company came in to the market with their
innovative product. On the other side problem is that they have to face several challenges like
scope, size of the firm and so on.
Solution of the opportunity:
Mainly solution is also depends on the company's managers or leaders as they guide their
team members accordingly so for this they can enhance their working level etc.
Overview of the company Sunshine company supplies or manufactures several kind of fruit
drinks and energy drinks with having excellent reputation with in
the market. It involves in making the process of delivering products
as well as marketing operations in an effective manner.
Vision & Mission Company vision is to make lot of benefits for the customers and
their mission is to make give all happiness to their customers
towards the company's products.
Objectives The main objectives of sunshine company is to focus on the
customer requirements and solve their issues effectively within the
specific time of period (Nicholas and Steyn, 2017).
Strategies For the better future growth company (Sunshine) develop unique or
diffe3rent strategies in order to satisfy customers towards their
product (energy drink) positively.
Project plan:
It is very essential for every business in order to achieve success at higher level within the
market place. On the the other side it is important to crate new venture in competitive
environment of market.
Cost The costs explain the analysation of product because without price
product is nothing in the market. In regards with sunshine company,
their manager has decide the cost for their energy drink (spring water)
that is £1000.
Resources There are several resources such as cost, fund, budget, workforce and
so on. These all are good in order to make effective project (Perry and
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et. al., 2018).
Research methodologies These methodologies are includes in the secondary research in order
to identify the scope of new product within the marketplace.
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Gantt Chart:
This chart is generally used by the project manager in order to check the progress of
whole project. This is also used to check several performance which is done by the lot of
people in an effective manner. It is the kind of bar chart which explain the particular
schedule of project. This is not only for particular project it can be used in any frim that
helps in making good project (Rosemann and vom Brocke, 2015).
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Work breakdown Structure:
It is the effective process to resolve the complexity and difficulties from the project
to manage the all task and operation with in the organization. This is also used by the
manager of project in order to implement on the good project. This is a larger task which is
divided in to small task and can be easily justified. This can be used by all the firm in an
effective manner.
TASK 4
P4. Review and critique the effectiveness of the Product Life Cycle in application to the
chosen project.
Effectiveness of project life cycle is depend upon the two several things which are reliability
or suitability at the same time. In reference to the Sunshine Drinks company, which is going
to launch Energy drink with the use of spring water effectively. In order to understand the
concept of whole PLC waterfall model will be identified. Waterfall model emphasis several
kind of stages, which are given below:
Requirements: In the first stage of PLC in waterfall model that explain the needs of
ideas which is going to be established. In regards with sunshine drinks company different things
are needed like energy powder, spring water and so on. These all are required in the first stage.
Product design: In the second stage this concept defined the how product is going to be
design or looked in the future of the product. In the time of sunshine drinks (energy drink) which
is manufacture by the company that should be in an attractive manner so that customer can get
high motivation towards their product in an effective manner. So that it will increase the firm's
productivity (Takey band Carvalho, 2015).
Implementation: In this step company manager implement their idea on the new product
so that product get promoted in the market and also able to gain good attention within the market
place.
Testing: In this part of waterfall model testing, this is done by the behalf of customers
feedback and reviews of the customers as well. In this the product is energy drink which is
accomplish through the customer expectation in an effective manner.
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Deployment of system: This is the ending step of this model which is to be done by the
maturity level and achieving the particular target in an effective manner.
Maintenance: In this stage maintenance is very much essential for every single product
of an organization. So that it is helpful as it reduce the errors from product like their shelf life,
durability and so on (Todorović and et. al., 2015).
Designing and implementing PLC is necessary to execute the project successfully:
This statement is true because PLC are always based for manage the problems like single
input, single output or lot of loops. This is all because product life cycle always used to define
the different plan or models which is very helpful in order to control the all necessary aspects to
execute the project successfully. That's why design and implementation is very essential aspects
of any firm in which sunshine drinks company makes their product that energy drink with spring
water in an effective manner. So that company can achieve their goals and target in an effective
manner.
Cost saving techniques could be incorporated in PLC:
There are different ways or techniques of cost saving in regard with project life cycle,
which are given below:
 Firstly, it decreases the manufacture expanses as well as it saves money in order to
increase the profit of product in an effective manner.
 Cost saving help in using the effective strategies in order to make good project with
innovative ideas.
 Cost saving effects also give some changes or modern changes to the particular project in
order to make them attractive in from of the customer so that they can easily purchase
them.
 Through this concept, extra cost of production can be deducted by the firm in order to
make better or good items to make customer happy with the affordable price in an
effective manner (Operations and Project Management. 2019. [Online].
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CONCLUSION
According to the above representative report it has been concluded that operation an
project management is very essential aspects in order to develop new product with in the market
in the effective manner. There are lot of principles of operation management that has been played
very effective role. Along with this report consist 2 task where as 1st task was depend on the Hot
point company which deals in a home appliances. On the other side sunshine drink company
develop energy drink with spring water efficiently. This report also identified the break down
structure, Gantt chart in order to classified the larger task in to the smaller task within the
particular time frame. This report also analysed the improvement plan on the basis of review and
analysis in an effective manner. At the last point of this research, project life cycle explained
effectively.
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REFERENCES
Books & Journals
Artto, K., Ahola, T. and Vartiainen, V., 2016. From the front end of projects to the back end of
operations: Managing projects for value creation throughout the system
lifecycle. International Journal of Project Management. 34(2). pp.258-270.
Fleming, Q. W. and Koppelman, J. M., 2016, December. Earned value project management.
Project Management Institute.
Gilbert and et. al., 2015. Case management system and method for collaborative project teaming.
U.S. Patent 9,189,756.
Glukhov, V. V., Ilin, I. V. and Levina, A. I., 2015, August. Project management team structure
for internet providing companies. In Conference on Smart Spaces (pp. 543-553).
Springer, Cham.
Harrison, F. and Lock, D., 2017. Advanced project management: a structured approach.
Routledge.
Kerzner, H. and Kerzner, H. R., 2017. Project management: a systems approach to planning,
scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley & Sons.
Kundu, A., and et. al., 2015. A journey from normative to behavioral operations in supply chain
management: A review using Latent Semantic Analysis. Expert Systems with
Applications. 42(2). pp.796-809.
Lam, J. S. L. and Lai, K. H., 2015. Developing environmental sustainability by ANP-QFD
approach: the case of shipping operations. Journal of Cleaner Production. 105. pp.275-
284.
Nicholas, J. M. and Steyn, H., 2017. Project management for engineering, business and
technology. Routledge.
Perry and et. al., 2018, April. Successful Management of Major Marine Operations for the
Hebron Project. In Offshore Technology Conference. Offshore Technology Conference.
Rosemann, M. and vom Brocke, J., 2015. The six core elements of business process
management. In Handbook on business process management 1 (pp. 105-122). Springer,
Berlin, Heidelberg.
Schwalbe, K., 2015. Information technology project management. Cengage Learning.
Takey, S. M. and de Carvalho, M. M., 2015. Competency mapping in project management: An
action research study in an engineering company. International Journal of Project
Management. 33(4). pp.784-796.
Todorović and et. al., 2015. Project success analysis framework: A knowledge-based approach in
project management. International Journal of Project Management. 33(4). pp.772-783.
Online
Operations and Project Management. 2019. [Online]. Available
through:<https://www.beds.ac.uk/research-ref/bmri/centres/bisc/opm>.
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