Operations and Project Management: A Review of Next PLC

This report provides an overview of Next PLC, explaining the principles of operation and operations management. It reviews and critiques the implementation of operations management principles within an organizational context, including Six Sigma methodology and Lean principles. It also includes a continuous improvement plan based on the review and critique of operations management principles within an organizational context. The report further analyzes the effectiveness of a continuous improvement plan using appropriate theories, concepts, and models. Finally, it applies each stage of the PLC to a given project, producing necessary supporting documentation for completing the project.

Operation and Project
Management

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK...............................................................................................................................................3
An overview of the selected company........................................................................................3
An explaanation of operation vs operations management..........................................................3
Conduct a review and critique of the implementation of operations management principles
within an organisational context.................................................................................................4
Review and critique the implementation of operations management in relation to Six Sigma
methodology and Lean principles...............................................................................................7
Prepare a continuous improvement plan based on the review and critique of operations
management principles within an organisational context...........................................................8
Analyse the effectiveness of a continuous improvement plan using appropriate theories,
concepts and/or models.............................................................................................................10
Apply each stage of the PLC to a given project, producing necessary supporting
documentation for completing the project................................................................................10
Business case.............................................................................................................................12
Analysis of project tools and methodologies utilized...............................................................13
Analyse the rationale for the project methodologies, tools and leadership within the PLC for
the given project........................................................................................................................13
Review and critique the effectiveness of the PLC in application to the chosen project...........13
Critically analyse how the use of appropriate theories, concepts and models in the PLC will
differentiate between large and small-scale projects.................................................................14
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................16
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................17

INTRODUCTION
The operation management is refer to a management of business practices which is
essential for company for reunning their activiites in efficient manner. The main role of this
maanagement is to converting the raw materials into finished goods with help of lower level
employees and various equipments. The project management is refer to a application of
procedure, method, knowledge, experience and skills which assist the firm for attaining all types
of objectives in project according to fixed criteria in the agreed parameter. It is compraises of
planning, initiation, execution, monitoring and closing of specific project. The choosen company
is Next PLC which is situated in United Kingdom and the organization was established 1864 by
Joseph Hepworth. The company is dealing with wide range of products which includes which
includes clothing, footwear, home appliances and others (Annunen and Haapasalo, 2022). This
organization has around 700 stores all across the world. The report will cover explanation of
selected firm and description of operation and project management. It also covers the principle of
operation management and continuous improvement plan in respect of selected firm. It further
covers the application of stages of PLC in relation to project, Review and critique the
effectiveness of the PLC in application to the chosen project using appropriate theories, concepts
and models.
TASK
An overview of the selected company
The next PLC is a very popularised UK based company which facilitates their services to
customers globally according to their needs and wants. The organization is offering various types
of services and goods to their consumers which includes clothing, footwears, home appliances
and others. The Next PLC is one of the biggest clothing retail brand in UK in terms of sales
because of their highly talented workers in their stores. This firm is facilitaating employment in
around 41574 people internationally and these people are continuously working for the success
and growth of organization. The Next PLC is one type of public limited company because they
are providing variety of products to customers according toi their desires and wants. Due to
providing wide range of goods they are able to sustain their goodwill in market for long time.

An explaanation of operation vs operations management
Operation in organization is refer to those functions in which firm is engaged regularly in
aspect of increasing the value and revenue of organization at higher rate. The main reason for
conducting various functions by firm is to generate revenue and goodwill at large scale. Workers
within company are responsible for attaining all objectives and goals in the business which are
managed by top level management. The various types of activities which are conducted by
organization in business are accounting, manufacturing, marketing and others in efficient and
effective manner which is beneficial for gaining the objectives within short duration.
But in other side operational management is refer to the administartion of all business
functions. It leads to improve and create the effectiveness within organization. The main purpose
of operastional management operational management is to converting the raw material and
employees of the organization into finished services and goods with help of using all types of
resources of organization at optimum level (Bellalouna, 2021). It is baasically a type of practice
which is adopted by company for managing the cost which them for enahancing their profit at
large scale.
Conduct a review and critique of the implementation of operations management principles within
an organisational context
The operational management is refer to a procedure of maintaining day to day functions
in business which is important for enhancing the growth and success rate of organization. In
context to manufacturing company it is defined as those stages where raw materials are totally
converted into finished goods. The main objective of operational managemenrt is to use different
types of resources of firm like raw materials, employees, machinery and others in effective
manner. Due to the effective use of various resources firm is able to meet the demand of services
and goods by maintainig effective supply chain. The principles of organization management
which are useful for all types of company are described below -
 Reality – In this stage the management is focusing on the overall complexities which is
not good for the company growth. Big issues are opposite to smaaller techniques which is
a part of problem. According to Schaeffer there is no single method in whole universe
which provodes sooution to every and each issue which is raaised in internal
management. In respect of Next PLC, managemenrt required to focusing on retaining and
development of employees in every stage of firm that is top, middle and lower level. For

this they need to develop a happy and healthy atmosphere for their workers where they
can get support of their staff members and team.
 Organization – Here the in manufacturing organization all the practices and funbctions
are interrlinked with each other. That means all types of elements are consistant and
predictable so that desired output are gaained in timely manner. In context to Next PLC
the manufaacturing unit of organization are equipped with filters which assist in reducing
the chemicaal and erosion which are utilized in the production procedure are
decomposible in nature. It assist in managing the factories and plant in friendly
atmosphere. Regular check up has been done in the manufacturing process in order to
identify the defect at the initial stage.
 Accountability – This principle explains that the members of organization who are
responsible for controlling the operaations must be accountable (Brethaut, C., 2018). The
company maanager must have balaances and checks to accountability. It is done by
creating deadlines and rules for work which are aassigned to their employees so that they
carried out the assessment with full productivity on time. In context to Next PLC,
managemenrt need to facilitate effective training to their new employees at every stage
and maintain effective supervision over them during the time of their job. In order to
improve efficiency of their workers on regular basis the Next plc have a separate training
department.
Six sigma methodology
The six sigma is refer to a combination of various techniques and tools which assist the
organization for improving every step in the process of six sigma. It is basically a procedure of
quality control which is utilized by firm in aspect of eleminating all kind of defect and improving
procedure. The main element of this technique is that this is applicable in every procedure and all
kind of industry. One of the method which comes in the category of six sigma is DMAIC and it
stands for define, measure, analyse, improve and control. In context to Next PLC it is a
international brand and they are following the method of six sigma which are described below -
 Define – It is a first stage of six sigma which is staretd with the approach of customer
centric. From the consumer point of view all types of issues in business are defined. In
respect of Next PLC, the organization is targeting those consumers whose age is between
20-45 becaause only they are identical regarding choice, price and quality. The

organization also observed that sales in their goods and services are effectively decreased
by 6% because the changes are increased in shopping behaviour of users.
 Measure – It is a another stage of six sigma where various types of tools are analysed for
solving the different types of problems in numeric terms. It assist them in gaining all
company's outcome for specific issues. The competitor of organization attracting huge
consumers because of sales in mid year and due to this the profit of organization are
highly effected. In context to Next PLC they are started to facilitate discount offers in
their services and goods which leads to enahnce their customer base in large number. In
this way the profit and goodwill of company are maintained in market for long time.
 Analyse – It is a third step in six sigma and in this step strategy or product are evaluated
by firm for knowing their effectiveness and efficiency in market (Cao and Wu, 2019). If
the company fulfilled their expectation effectively with help of various resources and
strategies which are used by them, then they easily enhanced their success and growth in
market for long time.
 Improve – It is a fourth step in the process of six sigma where organization test, identify
and execute a solution for various issues which is faced by lower level employees. It is
totally based on the circumstances. Here the specific department prepared a strong
solution for removing the issues. If the sales of mid year are introduced by Next PLC
then this will assist the company for enhancing their profit margin and market share
effectively.
 Control – It is last step in the procedure of six sigma which is determining the objectives
of previous step. It is done with help of rechecking measurement of profile. If the
previous procedure is completed in effective way then organization is bringing into
industry. With help of using variouis strategies company is able to manage the employees
and their work in systematic manner. In this way company is able to deliver best quality
product to users in long term.
Learn principles
It is defined as a procedure of production and it is depend on the idedeology for
maximizing the performance of company. It is not beneficial only for decreasing the waste in
process of production but it also assist employees within company for accomplishig the task in
time. The various types of advantages are facilitated with this principle to selected company. Due

to following various types of principles firm is able to reduce the operation expense and also
beneficial for enhancing the qaulity of goods. In context to Next PLC, the principles which is
adopted for decreasing waste in their workplce are described below -
 Value – It refer to the demand and needs of customers for specific service and product. It
is comprasis of various elements which includes deadline for delivering the goods,
fulfilling consumer requirements and price. In respect of Next PLC, it is highly essential
to company manager for identifying the value of goods which is considered by
customers.
 Value stream – Once the value of their goods are determined, then the next stage is to
map all stages which are responsible for taking product from raw materials and delivering
the products to consumers. It assist for identifying the various actions which is required
for enhancing the development and growth of services and products at higher rate
(Firmansyah and Suparno, 2021). In respect of Next PLC, it is highly essential for top
level management to apply this principle for enhancing the growth of production
procedure.
 Flow – In context to Next PLC, the manager ensure that all remaining stages of
operastion procedure are running in smooth manner. The manager also makes sure that
delivery of finished goods is on time to customers. Due to keeping smooth flow in their
business activities and services the goodwill of Next PLC are eaasily sustained in market
for long time.
 Pull – According to this principle organization is required to improve the flow of their
services and products in market. This principle not only assist the manager of Next PLC
in aspect of delivering services and products of firm in time but also beneficial for
mantaining the stock of firm in a efficient manner.
 Perfection – It is last principle in lean procedure and in comparison with other principle
it is highly important. This principle assist the firm in aspect of improving lean thinking
but also assist in improving culture in corporate. That means the management of Next
PLC needed to improve their process of production with help of talented and skilled
employees effectively.

Review and critique the implementation of operations management in relation to Six Sigma
methodology and Lean principles
Due to the efefctive role of six sigma organization is able to deliver best quality services
and product to customers for long time. Six Sigma is a method that provides organizations tools
to improve the capability of their business processes. This increase in performance and decrease
in process variation helps lead to defect reduction and improvement in profits, employee morale,
and quality of products or services. The goal is to streamline quality control in manufacturing or
business processes so there is little to no variance throughout. In todays time duarbility in
product are highly essential for customers and due every type of orgaanization is required to use
six sigma effectively in their services and goods which leads to enhance their productivity at
large scale.
In aspect of learning principle it is refer to guidelines for the ways in which people learn
most effectively (Li, He and Wang, 2022). The more these principles are reflected in training, the
more effective training is likely to be. Research suggests that they apply equally to domestic and
international situations. With help of varuious guidelines employees within organization are able
to do their work in systematic way. In aspect of learning it is necessary for organization that they
must provide advanced training to their employees and due to this they are able to utilize various
equipments easily for long time. In this way the resources of orgaanization are utilized in proper
and optimized manner.
Prepare a continuous improvement plan based on the review and critique of operations
management principles within an organisational context
Continuous improvement plan
It is not simple for organization for managing all their business functions effectively in
the business because during the time of managing activities various types of deviations are
occurred. Therefore, it is necessary for manager in Next PLC that they must analyse all kind of
deviations and develop strong strategies for overcoming the financial and other losses of
organization. Due to the effective use of their strategies organization is able improve their
services at large scale. It is highly essential for company manager that they put full effort for
improving them and try to identify various deviaations in their business.
SOURCES PRINCIPLES OUTCOME

Quality Lean manufacturing In context to Next PLC, the
management is always maintaining
and focusing quality in their goods.
Because it is highly essential for
them for maintaining positive
relationship with customers for long
time. The other reason for focusing
on quality is that potential customers
are highly sensitive regarding quality
and reliability in product.
Cost Developing chain of
heavy supliers
In relation to Next PLC they are
producing and delivering fashionable
gaarments. During the time of
producing product raw materials
played vital role in the cost of
production (Lim and Kim, 2020).
Achain of many suppliers are created
by orgaanization which assist them
in aspect of dominating the cost of
raw materials.
Delivery Organization In context to Next PLC it is highly
essential for focusing on effeiciency
and effectiveness of delivering data
within company. Due to this
manager is required to develop
strong communication channel
within firm. With help of keeping
strong communication employees
are able to do their work in effective

and systematic way.
Safety Fundamentals Various types of safety measures
within the work atmosphere of
orgaanization are created by the
Next PLC. Due to considering the
safety of workers firm easily get
positive output from them for long
time.
According to management of firm, it is highly essential for lower level workers to
execute the different actions and plan effectively. This will help them in analysing various issues
of firm. The continuous improvement plan assist the organization for facilitating best quality
service to their consumers in long term. The six sigma and lean manufacturing approaches are
adopted by Next PLC. Which assist them for enhancing quality in their services and goods.
Analyse the effectiveness of a continuous improvement plan using appropriate theories, concepts
and/or models
It has been aanalysed that it is undertood that continuous improvement plan is highly
essential for identifying the real requirements of the employees. Due to this firm is able provide
proper equipment's and resources to their employees for doing their job roles and
responsibilities in effective or efficient manner (Lin, Hung and Hu, 2018). Due to using the
resources effectively employees within firm is able to completing their work within low time.
This plan also shows that in which way all cartegories of employees are maintain coordination
with higher authority for developing best quality product accordig to customer needs and wants.
Because with help of facilitating quality services to users the overall growth and revenue of firm
are easily enhanced at maximum level. With help of increasing profit and growth comapany is
able to expand their services at large scale in different locations.
Apply each stage of the PLC to a given project, producing necessary supporting documentation
for completing the project
Their are various elements which are included by organization for develop a successful
project. Due to the effective use of elements organization is able to deliver best quality services

and products to users which leads to enhance their profit margin and market share at higher rate.
In the project life cycle of project various types of stages are included which are described
below-
 Initiation – It is a first stage of PLC where manager of midland orgaanization is focusing
on estimating the expense adoption of CSR and they are also focusing on facilitating
effective training to employees for avoiding the movement. The main purpose of
adopting CSR by company is to develop a healthy and good image in consumer mind and
also beneficial for increasing the retention rate of workers within firm. For this
campaigns are created by the manager of organization where effective training are
facilitated to their workers. It leads to enhance the goodwill of brand effectively in
market.
 Planning – In this stage various types of strategies and policies are developed for
executing the project effectively. Here the manager within organization are planning by
utilizing various legal procedure and shedules which asssit them for developing a
statement. The respective company is focusing and targeting their workers for enhancing
the retention rate and developing a healthy life for them (Mahadevan, 2021). For
accomplishing the objectives of this project various types of functions has been planned
by manager of midland company. In addition to this the time frame are set by them for
accomplishing the project. Along with the suitable leadership style is adapted by the
manager of respective organization for gaining the objectives in time and also for
managing the employees in systematic manner.
 Execution – In this phase the manager of organization is focusing on executing various
types of stgrategies which are developed by them in previous steps in order to gain all
company objectives within low time. According to this step the various ideas are used for
for enhancing the productivity of workers at higher rate. The planning and action
staretgies are used by midlaand firm for run their activities smoothly. Within three
months various types of policies and startegies are executed which is related with project.
Various types of management and leadership styles are applied by manager of
organization in order to facilitate right direction to their workers and also improving
communication between them. Therefore, it is mandatory for workers within organization
for fulfiling their job roles and responsibilities in effective way.

 Closure – It is the last step in the process of project life cycle where all the employees
and members of organization who are taking part in the procedure of implementation
which facilitaes various types of documentation within firm. Therefore, in this step
various types document are procedded forwards by manager of midland For actual
implementation of project this procedure takes some time. Here the opportunities which
is developed for lower level employees and managers are created by this which not only
result in enhaancing the reputation of the firm but also assist in companies productivity.
Gantt chart – This type of technique is considered as one of the essential technique which is
utilized by company for executing the project. This model describes the relartionship between
shedule and duty which is related with the project. This type of chart is utilized for conducting
visual communication where horizontal axis shows time period and vertical axis shows task
completed by various peoples. So that this type of chart is needed by manager to execute the time
and project for finishing the project.
Business case
The new campaign is launched by Midland organization for decreasing the movement of
their workers and straff members. Due to the effective launch of campaign company is able to
develop healthy lifestyle to them by help of fulfilling CSR effectively (Niels, Hof and
Bogenberger, 2018). The main purpose using CSR is to increraseing the productivity of workers
and also for enhancing their retentation rate within organization for long time. The main motive
for conducting the project by manager is to facilitate advanced training and positive work
atmosphere to employees. Manager of this firm is safeguarding the data which is essential for
keeping positive relationship between with lower level employees in long term.
 Goals – The ultimate goal of Midland company is to faciliate satisfaction to their
workers to their workers which leads to enhancing their retention level within company
and improving their lifestyle. This output will enhancing the performance level of
workers and revenue for company.
 Solution – For solving the issues which are faced by the management of Midland
managers of this firm are evaluating the performance of employees and also developed
effective training program for them. This will result in increasing the satisfaction level of
employees in their job which assist them for adapting advanced equipments.

 Cost – During the time of implementing the project this factor plays major role. Various
types of cost are associated according to different types of risk such as purchasing of
software and hardware.
 Benefits – It facilitates various types of advantages to organization which is beneficial
for sustaining the satisfaction level of workers at higher rate in long term. Due to
providing benefits the lifestyle of workers are totally changed. It is very essential
regarding the organization point of view as it helps for enhancing the sales and profit of
firm.
 Work break down structure – This technique is utilized by managers within company
which assist them in breaking down the whole work into small parts. This type of tool is
utilized by manager of Midland which allowed them in aspect of breaking down the task
in to various parts.
Analysis of project tools and methodologies utilized
 Agile methodologies – It is basically one type of framework which is utilized by
organization for promoting the continuous iteration of testing and development with help
of development life cycle of project. Various types of benefits which is provided by this
methodologies is that managing and identifying the unwanted problems Oommen, Nair
and Mandi, 2021). This also assist in representing variations in every sections.
 Rational unifies procedure – This type of methodology is compraising of variosu stages
such as structure, improvement, transformation and inception. This is beneficial for
achieving feedback of client at growth stages.
 Project leadership – If the leadership project is effectively managed by top level
management then, this can assist in increasing employee effectiveness and productivity.
That means if the top level management provide right direction to their workers then they
easily accomplish their task in right time and do their work with full energy and passion.
In this way firm is able to sustain the popularity of their brand image in market for long
time.
Analyse the rationale for the project methodologies, tools and leadership within the PLC for the
given project
It has been analysed that various methodologies, tools and leadership styles are very
imporatnt for developing effective strategic plan. Due to use of various strategies firm is able to

keep control over their employees in long term. In this way top level management is able to
made positive relations with them. During the time of conducting or implementing project
organization is able to distribute the work equally to all employees. The main advantage of
distributing work equally is that employees did not feel stress in their minds during the time of
doing their job role. In this way employees are able to do their work with full interest and
passion for long time. With help of plan and strategy employees are able to do their work in
systematic manner without any type of confusion. Without misunderstanding products are easily
developed in best quality according to the needs and desaires of users.
Review and critique the effectiveness of the PLC in application to the chosen project
The projects which are taken into consideration from the manager of Midland company is
campaign of employees (Pfeilsticker, Colangelo and Sauer, 2019). The major purpose behind the
developmment of this campaign is sustaining the employee job satisfaction level and enhancing
the retentation rate of workers within orgaanization. For this the manager of firm is concentrating
on facilitating healthy and safe life style to workers and also decreasing the employee movement.
This will develop positive effect on employee performance and the success of project is depend
on different theories which are utilized by them.
 Initiation stage – Here the management of Midland organization is utilized democratic
leadership style where the managers of the firm are take suggesstion from their workers.
And these workers are involved in the processs of decision making.
 Planning stage – In this phase the manager of selected organization are utilized
situational leadership style where decisions are taken on the basis of various
circumstances. This facilitataes flexibilityt because in this plan decisions are made
according to the circumstances.
 Execution stage – In this phase leaadership style is utilized by the manager of respective
organization. According to this style manager is focusing development of their
subordinates. It is considered as one of the style which is highly effective for increasing
the effectiveness and efficiency of company.
 Closure stage – With help of effective team leadership style the manager of Midland
company is able to focusing on the completion of task in above phase in order to
determine the issues and making improvement.

Critically analyse how the use of appropriate theories, concepts and models in the PLC will
differentiate between large and small-scale projects
It has been analysed that in aspect of large projects the various the various models,
theories and procedure of PLC is highly beneficial for conducting the task in systematic manner.
Due to conducting task in systematic manner the risk and complicated issues are highly
decreased in the project. With help of reducing risk firm is able to facilitate wide range of
services and products to users in long term. In large projects documents are pass through every
stage which is fully checked by top level management. Due to the effective use of project life
cycle process the respective company is able to develop strong structure of the project.
But in aspect of small project project life cycle is not fully utilized by the organization
because here sometimes some stages are missed by higher authority (Rezvani, Khosravi and
Ashkanasy, 2018). Due to missing staages the plan or the strategy are not fully and properly
implemented. With out proper execution of the project comnpany is not able to enhance their
market share and profit marging effectively. Therefore, when the organization is not applying the
process of PLC effectively then management is not able to deliver quality service and product to
customers for long time.

CONCLUSION
After evaluating above report it has been concluded that operation and project
management plays the crucial role for running the activities of company in smooth manner.
Different types of principle like six sigma, lean manufacturing, inventory management and other
has been included in the management. The project management is refer to a application of
procedure, method, knowledge, experience and skills which assist the firm for attaining all types
of objectives in project according to fixed criteria in the agreed parameter. The report will cover
the review and critique of the implementation of operations management principles within an
organisational context. It also covers prepare a continuous improvement plan based on the
review and critique of operations management principles within an organisational context. It
further covers apply each stage of the PLC to a given project, producing necessary supporting
documentation for completing the project, Review and critique the effectiveness of the PLC in
application to the chosen project using appropriate theories, concepts and models.

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