Optimization of Construction

This document discusses the importance of optimization in the construction industry, with a focus on the construction of Western Sydney International Airport. It explores the use of modern technology and innovative techniques to address space shortages and improve productivity and cost efficiency. The document also provides recommendations for project management techniques and methods to ensure successful completion of the construction project.

Running head: OPTIMIZATION OF CONSTRUCTION
Optimization of Construction
Name of the Student:
Name of the University:
Authors Note:

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OPTIMZATION OF CONSTRUCTION
Contents
Executive summary:........................................................................................................................2
Conclusion:......................................................................................................................................4
Recommendation:............................................................................................................................5
References:......................................................................................................................................6

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OPTIMZATION OF CONSTRUCTION
Executive summary:
Since the time in memorial the necessity of human beings includes a place to live. Over the years
the structures and complexities of construction have changed significantly but the necessity have
remained same. With modernization and population growth the complexities in construction
have increased significantly. As compared to earlier the need for space in constructed houses and
homes have increased significantly along with other luxuries in these construction structures.
However, the biggest factor that have changed and completely revamped the construction
industry and construction in general in all across the globe is the use of modern day technology
in constructions. Unimaginable sky scrapers and buildings are being built with the help of
advanced technology and innovation. Modern day constructions have beautifully merged
innovating and technology with engineering designs to build exceptional structures in all across
the globe. Earlier it was impossible to even imagine such structures which are built quite easily
with the help of technology and engineering revolutions. As a result the huge issue of space
shortages with each passing decade has also been addressed to some extent with effective use of
relatively short and small spaces to build multi storied buildings (Kahvandi et al., 2017).
Australia being one of the first developed nations in the world has continuously been ahead when
it comes to constructions of structures including airports. Construction of Airports have
undergone number of changes to improve the structures and facilitate accommodation of all
modern amenities within the Airports. Western Sydney International Airport is currently under
construction and is expected to be completed by the end of December, 2026.
Critical Path Segments (CPS) will be an effective technique to review and monitor the
construction of the Airport in Western Sydney, Australia. As per CPS the entire construction has

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OPTIMZATION OF CONSTRUCTION
been subdivided in following stages and each of the following stages must be completed with
utmost efficiency to achieve the objectives of optimization of productivity and cost efficiency
(Hakami and Yousif, 2017).
I. Construction of temporary and make shift facilities.
II. Clearing of site and vegetation.
III. Dealing with existing utilities and roads in and around the construction site.
IV. Dealing with telecommunication lines and water mains & supply lines carefully.
V. Starting earthworks.
VI. Drainage installation.
VII. Rehabilitation.
VIII. Establishment of main access point in the Airport.
IX. Pavement area construction including pavement box out, subgrade construction,
material procurement, concrete placement and others.
X. Facilities construction.
XI. Materials and waste management.
XII. Connecting roads to the Airport.
XIII. Bridge work.
XIV. Ensuring appropriate drainage system.
XV. Work related to utilities and services.
XVI. Constructing visitor center and site office.
Optimization of productivity and cost efficiency of the project is of highest importance to build
the airport within the resource and budget constraints. Each and every single stages of

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construction as per CPS must be completed efficiently. The CPS below will give a better idea as
to the projected root to complete the construction of the Airport by the end of December, 2026.
Activities and stages
Numbre of
days
required
Numbre
of days
required
Numbre
of days
required
Numbre
of days
required
Numbre
of days
required
Numbre
of days
required
Numbre
of days
required
Construction of temporary and make shift
facilities 30
Clearing of site and vegetation 180
Dealing with existing utilities and roads in
and around the construction site 120
Dealing with telecommunication lines and
water mains & supply lines carefully. 60
Starting earthworks. 210
Drainage installation 120
Rehabilitation. 60
Establishment of main access point in the
Airport 60
Pavement area construction including
pavement box out, subgrade construction,
material procurement, concrete placement
and others. 120
Facilities construction. 1800
Materials and waste management. 7 5 10 8 8 30
Connecting roads to the Airport 60
Bridge work. 60
Ensuring appropriate drainage system. 90
Work related to utilities and services. 60
Constructing visitor center and site office 120
Image 1: Assumptive CPS.
Conclusion:
It is clear that a detailed planning is necessary before proceeding with the construction of the
airport in Western Sydney to complete the construction with optimum productivity and cost
efficiency. As can be seen from the above document that the entire construction process has
number of stages and each of these stages have to be given due importance and emphasize to
complete the construction effectively. Ignoring even a single stage within the entre construction

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process could have disastrous implications on the overall project. The initial planning shows that
the construction of the airport will have to be phased out in number of small phases. This will
make it easier for the project management team to supervise the entire project. Responsibility
shall be given to qualified personnel for different phases. This will help to fix responsibilities in
case of failure and immediate actions can be taken on the basis of such responsibilities to rectify
the mistakes resulted in such failures. From initial earthworks to final construction of the airport,
each and every stage shall have specific budget in terms of financial and duration and all efforts
shall be made to ensure that the specific stages are completed within these budgets (Davidson
Frame, 2018).
Recommendation:
There are number of techniques and methods available for evaluation and review of a project.
These techniques and methods include critical path method (CP method), Program Evaluation
and Review Technique (PERT), Gantt chart and others. However, it would be recommended to
the project management team to use different methods and techniques to complete different
phases and stages to complete the construction of Western Sydney International Airport instead
of a single technique or method to compete the entire project.
Simple CP method will be extremely effective to complete the construction of temporary and
make shift facilities within the airport premises, for early earthworks, for pavement and bridge
works. On the other hand stages which are directly related to communication, drainage,
connecting roads, bridge works and site vegetation should be monitored and managed using
PERT. This is because these stages are more critical to the construction activities and require
more than only assessing the number of days required to complete these stages. Gantt chart will
be useful for establishment of main access points, materials and waste management and other

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such important stages to ensure that each and every single stage is completed within the due time
to facilitate effective completion of the Airport (Cha, Kim and Ko, 2017).
In short the project manager shall ensure that each stages of production as sub divided in number
of small phases and stages are completed within the allocated budget and within the time
allocated for completion of these stages.

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References:
Cha, H., Kim, K. and Ko, Y. (2017). Selecting Optimum Management Practicesin Pre-
construction Phase Considering Project Characteristics. Journal of Construction
Engineering and Project Management, 4(2), pp.1-4.
Davidson Frame, J. (2018). Reconstructing Project Management. Project Management Journal,
47(3), pp.e2-e2.
Hakami, W. and Yousif, M. (2017). The Critical Factors of Project Management in Sudanese
Construction Projects. Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management, 5(2),
pp.1-7.
Kahvandi, Z., Saghatforoush, E., Alinezhad, M. and Noghli, F. (2017). Integrated Project
Delivery (IPD) Research Trends. Journal of Engineering, Project, and Production
Management, 7(2), pp.99-114.