Dental Nursing and Endodontics Techniques

This assignment covers various topics related to dental nursing and endodontics, including the role of dental nurses during treatment, pre and post-operative instructions, and non-surgical endodontic procedures such as pulpotomy. The importance of dental techniques in making prostheses is also discussed, along with methods for taking occlusal registrations and their advantages and disadvantages.

DN15

TASK 1
1.1 Types of oral diseases and their aetiology
Caries Dental caries is caused by action of acids on enamel surface. It is
basically acid that is produce when sugar in food or drinks react
with bacteria.
Gingivitis It is an inflammation of gums that is usually caused by bacterial
infection.
Periodontal Diseases Periodontal diseases are infection that is structured around or
within teeth. Which includes gums, ligament and alveolar bone.
Erosion Tooth erosion happens when acids wear away the enamel on
teeth. It is caused due excessive of soft drink and fruit drinks
Abrasion Abrasion removes all layer of skin into moving contact with rough
surface or rubbing upper layers of epidemis.
Attrition Attrition is tooth surface that can be caused by bruxism which is
cleaning and grinding on teeth.
1.2 Evaluating the following terms in details
The progression of dental caries: It is a scientific term for tooth decay or cavities. It is build up
on teeth in a sticky file called plaque. It is mostly bacteria sugar carbohydrates in foods which
an individual consume eat into acid.
The progression of periodontal diseases: Periodontal is a gum diseases which
inflammatory condition with bone support surrounding teeth. This may progress and
cause due to chronic periodontal which lead to loosening or loss of teeth.
The development and consumption of plaque: Dental Plaque is community that
are found on tooth surface as bio film which is usually embedded in matrix of polymers
of host bacteria origin.
The inflammatory process: In medical treatment inflammatory process occurs
due to chemical of body’s white cells which are released by blood cells or affected tissues
to protect body from foreign substance.
The effect of disease process: The effects diseases are in humans are coronary
artery diseases and lower diseases and lower respiratory infection. Moreover, it has been
decreasing countries that are caused due to depression as well as anxiety.
TASK 2
2.1 Table on oral health techniques
Oral Health Technique How does this techniques prevent oral diseases
Fluoride supplements It help in preventing diseases that are found in natural water
sources as it ironic that the element fluorine. It is effective in
preventing tooth decay in case of both children as well as

adults.
Disclosing tablets This tablet help in removing disordered saliva from mouth
within 30 seconds.
Tooth Brushing Tooth brushing help in flossing out daily germs and
bacteria in order to prevent plaque. Moreover an individual
need to change its brush within 3to 6 months on regular
basis.
Interdental aids Interdental aids help in preventing plaque from teeth by
brushing out teeth on regular basis. Moreover, using
interdental aids also help an individual in removing plaque
in an effective manner.
Mouthwashes Mouth washer helps an individual to prevent from germs
and other tooth cavity in appropriate manner. Moreover, it
help in removing breath disordered so that a person feel
fresh and active all day.
Dental health message Dental health massage is necessary for an induvial in order
to have healthy teeth. It helps in preventing un usual pain,
germs, infection and other dental problems.
2.2 Effects on oral health
Sugar in diet: Sugar in diet leads too many of tooth decades. It is effected by oral
bacteria that are actually feed on sugar consumption. As this consumption creates acids that
usually destroy tooth enamel.
Acid content in diet: Excessive consumption of diet may leads to increase of risk cancer
and heart diseases. Moreover, the foods that contain less acids that sodas or protein which
usually provide effects of killing proteins of vegetables and fruits usage.
Smoking: In oral health smoking and tobacco cause stained teeth, bad breath as well as
diminished sense of taste. Moreover, excessive of smoking can lead to destroy immune system
that lead to reduce ability to recover after nay kind of surgery.
Alcohol: Alcohol is one of the biggest risk factor that is emerging in oral health diseases.
It leads to increase in oral cancer and absorbed from stomach that stream and effects central
nervous system.
Substance misuse: It is a world wide phenomenon that is increasing worldwide and
claims lives of millions in years. It is emerging especially with new drugs in market every year
and it creates a negative effect on oral health complications.
2.3 Social factors that affect oral health
There are some of the social factors that affect oral health issues such as smoking and
alcohol. Moreover, such diseases have negative impact on family, society, cultural and
environment. People who drink and smoke are not treated in appropriate manner they are having

bad habits which is injurious to health. Thus, it ultimately affects family, society, culture as well
as environment negatively.
2.4 Difference between verbal and non-verbal communication
Verbal communication include sound, words and speaking tone of an individual whereas
non-verbal communication includes gesture, facial expression, body movement, feel and touch.
In dental care both communication is essential as it is help in diagnosing a patience in an
effective manner. The methods that can be used in communication of OHI are oral, visual and
verbal communication in diagnosing a patience accurate with help of nursing staff members. It is
exact about communication model that is sender, encoding, decoding and receiving instruction
on proper time of treatment.
2.5 Advantage and disadvantage of systemic and topical fluoride
Systemic and topical fluoride can be delivered in strengthen tenth's that are already
present in mouth such as making more decay resistant. Whereas systemic are those that are
ingested and become in appropriate in forming tooth’s.
Advantage: It is safe salt that prevents dental caries both systemic as well as topical action
Disadvantage: It do not have precious control over indicate consumption among people.
2.5 Describing Fluorosis
Dental fluorosis is basically a pathological condition that iscaused and influenced by
Fluorine over intake. It is a component of tooth plaque that interact durinf enamel after
completion of eruption.
TASK 3
3.1 Function of different equipment, instrument and medicament
Periodontal therapy: It is based to measure and mark pocket as well as determines their
course on individual tooth surface. Herein, it instrument handle, snake and working end blade or
nib.
Prevention of dental caries: It function it to provide education program, diet counseling
oral hygiene measure like different brushing techniques that help in prevention of dental caries.
Preparation, restoration and finishing of cavities: Its function is to provide integrity and
morphology of missing tooth. Its instrument are amalgam carrier, burnisher, condensers, carvers
and woodsen.
Denture stages including complete, partial and immediate: Dentures are designed to
be worn that can be removed at night. The stages involved in it are impression of gums, wax
rims are placed in mouth to establish a proper bite and orientation of teeth. Try in which is one of
the critical stage which includes pre -made of plastic teeth in order to make sure it is as per
customer's requirement or not. Lastly, fitting it up for final denture.

In immediate denture, extraction and healing process can times near about weeks or
months. With help of immediate denture an individual is ready to wear right after extraction have
been completes . Moreover, it is required to adjust and relining because they are made of
extraction which can be change the shape of gums and jaws.
including complete, partial and immediate:
3.2 Advantage and disadvantage of following terms
Lining materials: It reduces loss of water due seepage as well as increases velocity of
flow can be increased. Its major disadvantage is that its initial cost is too high as well as take
high time in completion.
Etchants: This process is simple with equipment’s and high etching rate with selective
area. Moreover, it are based on chemicals but subtracted materials are to be covered and enacted
adversely.
Bonding agents: Bonding agents have good strength, time saving and some agents have
to be incorporated fluoride and elastomeric components to improve marginal integrity.
Moreover, its disadvantage is that there are lack of components to perform multi substrate
bonding.
Curing lights: It produces and narrowly focused on non-divergent light of 490nm and
less power utilized. Its disadvantage is that it is large in size and heavy.
3.3 Different matrix system that are used in restorative procedures
Ivory type: This matrix's used in class of restoration and its main function is to aim
anatomic proximal contours in infected areas.
T- Band: This band is adjusted according to circumferences of tooth which are stabilized
by wedging and low fusing compounded.
3.4 Equipment’s need in following intra pulpal
Intra osseous: The equipment’s that are need in following procedures are soft tissue,
skin sloughing and compartment syndrome.
Intra ligamentary: herein, equipment’s used in this process are cordless, peripress
syringe and cartridges
Local infiltration: The equipment’s needed in local infiltration are scoop techniques,
plastic container placed at edge of tray, uncapped needle slid etc.
Nerve block: The equipment needed are standard nerve block tray, tuohy needled and
sterile gloves.
Topical: Topical treatment requires gel, cream, ointments and pastes etc.
TASK 4

4.1 Different methods of cavity preparation
Permanent teeth: Cavity preparation is mechanical tool that create alteration of teeth to
receive permanent restorative material. Moreover, it is process of removal of defective or friable
tooth.
Deciduous teeth: Cavity preparation in such teeth help in breaking down models by exact
instruments of roentgenograms and ground section of extracted tooth’s.
4.2 Benefit of each replacement of missing teeth
Prostheses Purpose Advantage Disadvantage
Permanent Crow
Bridges
To span space where
the teeth are missing
in permanent manner.
Provides cross arch
splinting and ease of
handling
Mobility of
abutments result in
open margins
Temporay Crowns
Bridges
Temporary crowns
function to protect the
tooth shifting and
prevent sensitivity.
Preserve tooth
structure and minimal
pulp trauma
The length of span
is limited to one
pontic only
Adhesive bridges It is usually used to
replace missing front
teeth
Highly aesthetic and
have high strength
materials
It lead to more
tooth reduction as
well as brittleness
Veneer techniques It help in improving
the aesthetics of smile
in order to protect
tooth's surface from
damage
It help in minimal
tooth reduction with
optimum access for
margin and hygiene.
It leads to more
technical
demanding as well
as not usable on
non vital teeth
Implants An artificial tooth is
placed on jaw in order
to hold replacement of
tooth.
It help in cleaning of
adjacent teeth as well
as material cost is
limited
Complete
dependence depend
on patient and
parent cooperation
Denture It enables denture of
vitamins to speak and
break down foods.
It facilities cleaning of
adjacent teeth.
It leads to
pathological changes
and gingival
inflation.
Inlays It help in incorporating
pits and f issues of
tooth mainly
encompassing the
chewing surface
between cusps
It is excellent
aesthetic, long lasting,
low coefficient and bio
compatible nature.
Expensive amalgam
or composite and high
techniques sensitivity.

4.3 Procedures how to reduce and made
Adjustment relines: This help in reducing damaged or broken teeth that involves in
removing plastic from interior surface of denture.
Obturators: This process help in separating mouth of nasal cavity, restoring swallowing
and speech functions. Moreover, this are made to effect surgery and implies procedures.
Tissue conditioner: This efforts to effect of restore of health tissue of denture before
master impression are made by relining dentures. This process is made to outline methods by
using tissue conditioner.
Additions: In an addition process there are many substance that are used by practitioners
in fixing up denture in an effective manner. This are made of effective measure in order to have
proper treatment of individual.
4.4Purpose of following terms
Pre-prosthetic surgery: It is part of surgery of oral and maxillofacial which help in
restoring oral functions and facial form. Moreover, it is surrounded with structures that enable
comfortable and aesthetic dental prosthesis.
Tooth preparation prior to partial denture constitutions: It is one of the most difficult
task that help in removal of partial denture in dependent factors. Thus, in order to success the
practitioners need to develop sequence or a sound treatment pan based on clinical evidence.
Using spoon dentures: This dentures provides some degree of stability and retention. It
make denture more resistant to bring changes in retention due to resorption.
4.5Method of taking occlusal registration its advantage and disadvantage
Advantage: This method make unnecessary registration of inter occlusion records and
face bow transfer and dispenses with need for complicated articulation.
Disadvantage: Difficult to handle as this material is unmanageable and prior setting is
available.
4.6 Importance of dental techniques in making prostheses
Requirements on laboratory prescription: Prescription is necessary to have as it help a
nurse to know what are the requirement that are essential in laboratory basis. Thus, according
they can work upon it.
Materials: Nurse plays an effective role in providing material to doctor or patience as
they know what are the requirements.
Dental appointments: Nurse plays an effective role in dental appointment as they take
care of each and every things such as time, procedures of patients that are to be done on time.

TASK 5
5.1 Non surgical endodontics
Pulpotomy: It is process of removal of a portion of pulp including diseased aspect in
order to maintain validity of remaining pupal by means of dressing.
Risk during the procedures: The common risk during this procedures occur due to
inflammation of tissues surroundings of teeth that are required to be treated properly.
Advantages and disadvantage of procedures: It have high strength comparable with low
solubility where as it disadvantage is that it is very caustic medicament with high toxic in it.
Procedures: The procedures of different dental treatments are different from each other.
Their are some of the procedures which are similar to each other. Moreover, there are different
equipment’s that are used in different procedures.
TASK 6
6.1 Role of dental nurse during treatment
Skin Tone: In dental term its necessary for nurse and staff members to maintain skin
stone of its patience so that as per texture of skin medicine can be given.
Breathing: The nurse of dental care need to ensure that breathing of patience should be
adore free so that the feel fresh and energetic through the day.
Body language: In dental care department it is necessary for a nurse to have a pleasant
body language so that patience feels comfortable in speaking out their problems and accutal
treatment can be done.
6.2 Pre and post operative instruction
Prevention procedures: Their are many instruction that are need to be followed during
post and pre prevention during diagnosing a patience.
Restorative procedures: Restorative procedures is one of the lengthy and time
consuming process. Such it have both pre and post instruction that are needed to be followed
for resulting caries.
Extraction and minor oral surgery: In this provide pre instruction are given such as to
take pain killers in order to get removal of pain before diagnosing it. After that suggestion are
given with medicine in order to cure the treatments accurately.