Organisational Behaviour and Its Impact on Performance and Productivity

This assignment explores the theories of organisational behaviour and their influence on employee performance and overall productivity. It discusses the application of path goal theory and social capital theory in improving performance and productivity. It also evaluates the positive and negative impact of these theories and provides recommendations. The relevance of team development theories in the context of organisational behaviour is critically analysed. The assignment is based on Marriott Hotels and its workplace.

Organisation
Behaviour

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The assignment performed under is about organisational behaviour and its separate aspects that
influences employee performances and overall productivity of company. In the report two
theories of organisational behaviour are discussed and their influence is identified. Furthermore,
there are few positive and negative impact over staff of these theories which are identified and
recommendations are provided for the same at the end of the project.

Table of Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................4
LO4..................................................................................................................................................4
P4. How the application of OB theories and philosophies such as path goal theory and social
capital theory would enable the organisation to improve performance and productivity...........4
M4. Explore and Evaluate how the above theories and philosophies can inform and influence
behaviour in both a positive and negative way...........................................................................7
D4. Critically analyse and evaluate the relevance of team development theories in the context
of organisational behaviour concepts and philosophies that influence behaviour in their
workplace....................................................................................................................................8
CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................8
RECOMMENDATIONS.................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Organisation behaviour refers to a study conducted by researchers for understanding and
analysing behaviours of people in organisational setting and towards their job role. The main
objective of organisational behaviour study is to revitalize the theories and practices of business
and develop better conceptualized workplace and working environment (Kundu and Roy, 2016) .
The report is developed on Marriott Hotels a diversified hospitality organisation which maintains
a broad portfolio of hotels and lodging facilities. It is a public company found in 1927 serving to
worldwide customers and headquartered in Maryland, U.S. The report develops an understanding
about the application of different organisational behavioural theories and their impact on
productivity and performance of employees and overall organisation as well. Also, the positive
and negative impact of these theories and philosophies on OB is evaluated. Moreover, critical
evaluation is conducted for identifying the relevance of team development theories in influencing
behaviours in workplace.
LO4
P4. How the application of OB theories and philosophies such as path goal theory and social
capital theory would enable the organisation to improve performance and productivity.
Organisation Behaviour is a study of performances of individuals working in it and the
group as well. OB analyses and study the human behaviour in the particular work environment
and identifies its influences over job structure, employee performance, motivation, leadership,
organisational communication and many other areas of business. In this segment PATH GOAL
THEORY AND SOCIAL CAPITAL THEORY are utilised and applied on Marriott Hotels
workplace for determining the improvement in performance and productivity due to these two
philosophies.
PATH GOAL THEORY
It is a leadership theory which was developed in 70's, this leadership theory was based on
the assumption that the leaders are responsible for shortcomings of their team mates and
complements for individuals (Fandrejewska and Wasilik, 2018). The leadership style suggest
that leaders renders clarity and clear path for achieving all goals and objectives to their
employees who are also known as their followers. This theory is developed enabling ways and
methods for supporting their staff in goal accomplishment of team and contributing to

organisational objectives. This theory has four leadership styles which are elaborated in context
of Marriott Hotels as a suggestion to leaders and managers in order to apply these philosophies in
their working practice for improve the performances of staff and productivity as well.
According to the theory it is applicable only when leaders and managers are flexible and
can adapt their leadership styles and adopt leadership strategy in accordance to the work
environment and situation. The chosen leadership styles of leaders are effective only when
applied properly and accepted by team members as they get motivated through it and feel
satisfied being in the team (Kirkley, 2016).
 Directive Leadership- This leadership style is where exact guidelines and instructions
are provided to employees for performing tasks and completing goals. Such leadership
styles is suggested to managers and leaders of Marriott Hotels to adopt and implement for
guiding an inexperienced new comer who requires close supervision for carrying out
respective tasks.
 Supportive Leadership- This leadership style is where leaders concern is the well being
and satisfaction of employees and they are characterised as friendly and empathetic
(Painter, 2019). Supportive leadership styles is suggested to leaders of Marriott Hotels
while they analyse that the employee or team morals are down and need a boost for better
performance and higher motivation standards.
 Achievement Oriented Leadership- This leadership style is adopted and suggested to
managers while they have huge trust and strong confidence over employees abilities and
Illustration 1: Path-Goal Theory of
Leadership,2018

competencies. Here they set challenging targets and goals for employees to perform and
attain aims. Those personnels who work independently and effectively solve problems
are fall under this management style of working.
 Participative Leadership- As the name suggest leader keep staff involved while
managing them and listen to their point of views while making teams decisions and
developing plans. The leader of Marriott Hotels will adopt this leadership style when
employees hold expertise in their field of work and also are engaged in organisation as
well.
SOCIAL CAPITAL THEORY
The theory of Social Capital is segmented into three dimensions and named as
Structural, Cognitive and Relational. These three segments are examined below in relation
with Marriott Hotels.
 Structural- This factor states that the inflexible nature of organisational structure that is
less formalised and less centralised can improve social interactions in organisation. This
will enable managers and staff of Marriott Hotels to be close and develop better
relationships and understanding amongst each other reaching solutions for problems
faster and in effective manner (Bucic, Ngo and Sinha, 2017).
 Cognitive- This element suggest that the culture of company is the path way for solving
problems by perceiving, feeling and thinking in correct order. This states that leaders of
Marriott should follow the organisational culture to find solutions for their issues while
operating.

Illustration 2: Social Capital Theory for Leadership Effectiveness: Thoughts and Facts,
2020
 Relational- On the other hand, at last this aspect talks about and focuses over developing
relations and states that relationships developed on the basis of obligations, reciprocity
and identification can develop organisational assets. It also suggest that organisational
strategy of Marriott is a plan that develops competitive environment for developing better
performances of workforce and attaining goals and pre-determined targets (Sedova,
2018).
M4. Explore and Evaluate how the above theories and philosophies can inform and influence
behaviour in both a positive and negative way.
The theories discussed and evaluated in above segment are Path-goal-theory of leadership
and Social Capital theory for leadership are organisational behaviour philosophies which are
applicable and influencing over behaviours, performance and productivity of individual that is
workforce of Marriott Hotels and the whole hospitality company as well. These philosophies
have positive and negative influences both on employees which is dependent on effectiveness
and efficiency of management and leaders to understand the situation and then develop their
leadership strategy. The leader role is very crucial as they have to analyse the situation, develop a

clear idea about it and then appropriately chose one leadership to solve the problem of the
particular scenario for positive outcomes. On the same standards if such leadership styles
adopted are not integrated with the respective conditions then they will be reciprocating in
negative manner affecting employees and their performances in pessimistic way which is also
not efficient for their productivity as well.
D4. Critically analyse and evaluate the relevance of team development theories in the context of
organisational behaviour concepts and philosophies that influence behaviour in their
workplace.
The team development theories and their relevance to organisational behaviour, its
concepts and philosophies are direct which also affects workplace conditions, employees
performances and overall productivity of company. Tuckman's team development theory and
Nine Belbin's team roles are analysed in above section where effective team development stages
and role assignment are identified for establishing potential teams and bring the most potential
performances of staff (Viroli and et. al., 2016). Both the models are relevant to OB and
influences over the overall organisational performances and needs to be integrated with
leadership styles which are adopted by Marriott Hotels leaders and management in order to make
sure that flexible teams are created and their leaders are able to adapt according to the scenarios
and situation for dealing with separate problems and bring productivity.
CONCLUSION
The report above developed upon organisational behaviour, different philosophies which
impacts on employee performance and productivity concluding that the study of OB is a critical
activity to undertake. Their are two philosophies which are suggested to leaders and management
of company to adopt for increasing and improvising performance of workforce and productivity
of company. Moreover, these theories are necessarily be aligned with the team developing
activities in order to develop flexible working environment and culture for efficient performance
and goal achievement of the company itself.
RECOMMENDATIONS
In accordance with the analysis and research conducted in the above segment of the
report where all different influencing theories of OB and leadership styles are examined
identifying their sever and determinative impact over overall goals achievement process of

Marriott Hotels. Form the above analysis and examination it is suggested that Tuckman's team
development theory should be adopted by leaders while forming teams for separate tasks and
activities that are required to be conducted in Hotel for effectively serving guests and other
customers. Moreover, in relation to it leaders are also recommended to adopt Path-goal-theory of
leadership for dealing and managing employees. It is important that management is taking
flexible approach and keeping their cultural strategy flexible enough for making changes in their
leadership style accordingly and keeping staff motivated enough for performing with their best
potentials and abilities improving their performances and productivity (Jaswal and Chand, 2019).

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Bucic, T., Ngo, L. V. and Sinha, A., 2017. Improving the effectiveness of market-oriented
organisation: Empirical evidence from an emerging economy. Australian Journal of
Management. 42(2). pp.308-327.
Fandrejewska, A. and Wasilik, K., 2018. Cultural differences and barriers in communication and
functioning of an international organisation. Handel Wewnętrzny, (1 (372)), pp.203-
215.
Jaswal, V. and Chand, P., 2019. The demographics' effects on organisation citizenship
behaviour: evidence from human service and information technology
professionals. International Journal of Management Practice. 12(3). pp.360-375.
Kirkley, W. W., 2016. Entrepreneurial behaviour: the role of values. International Journal of
Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research.
Kundu, A. and Roy, D. D., 2016. Innovative work behaviour of school teachers: Role of belief
for innovation and personality patterns. Journal of Organisation and Human Behaviour.
5(1).
Painter, K. J., 2019. Mathematical models for chemotaxis and their applications in self-
organisation phenomena. Journal of theoretical biology. 481. pp.162-182.
Sedova, M., 2018. An effective approach to addressing human security vulnerability in an
organisation. Cyber Security: A Peer-Reviewed Journal. 2(1). pp.51-65.
Viroli, M. and et. al., 2016, September. Combining self-organisation and autonomic computing
in cass with aggregate-mape. In 2016 IEEE 1st International Workshops on
Foundations and Applications of Self* Systems (FAS* W) (pp. 186-191). IEEE.
Online:
Path-Goal Theory of Leadership, 2018. [Online] Available Through:
<https://www.toolshero.com/leadership/path-goal-theory//>