Role of Effective Team in Achievement of Objectives
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This article discusses the role of an effective team in achieving objectives in an organization. It explores the importance of teamwork, collaboration, and communication in accomplishing goals. The article also highlights the benefits of a well-functioning team and how it contributes to the success of the organization.
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Organisation Behaviour
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Contents INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1 MAIN BODY..................................................................................................................................1 Task 1...............................................................................................................................................1 P1. Analyse how an organisation's culture, politics and power which influence individual and team behaviour and performance.................................................................................................1 Task 2...............................................................................................................................................4 P2. Evaluate how content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques enables effective achievement of goal in organisation perspective.............................................4 Task 3...............................................................................................................................................6 P3. Role of effective team in achievement of objectives.............................................................6 Task 4...............................................................................................................................................9 P4. Apply concept and philosophies of organisational behaviour within an organisation context of given business situation..............................................................................................9 CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11 REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12
INTRODUCTION An Organisation Behaviour is a managerial understanding of human behaviour in terms of working environment and focuses on job performance, structure, leadership, motivation and management related theories. The organisation behaviour having design of setting as interference between human behaviour. It enhance a purpose to study about individual and team as well as to measure their sort of attitudes and behaviour suits with particular organisation. As in this report, the company is taken Marks and Spencer plc is a British multinational retailer with headquarter in London, England which mainly deals to selling branded clothes, home appliance based product and others (Ahmadand et. al., 2020). It was founded in 1884 by Michael Marks and Thomas Spencer in Leads. Their revenue generates around 10,181.9 million pounds as well as around number of employees having 80,000 who serving worldwide. In report the topics are cover to be organisation culture, politics and power which influence individual and team aspect, two theories of motivation is explains in context of effective objective accomplish. Effective and ineffective team tend to opposed how they are differ from each other. Applying concept and philosophies of organisation behaviour as per business situation. MAIN BODY. Task 1. P1. Analyse how an organisation's culture, politics and power which influence individual and team behaviour and performance. Every organisation presumes their growth and optimum generates in terms of revenue in marketplace on the basis of culture, power and politics which having impact as per performance and behaviour of team member of Marks and Spencer company. Organisational Culture:It refers about to the systematic of shared values, traits and attitudes which having set and that presumes about how an individual performing in business related. It is having direct impact on people and their action that leads to decrease in overall company productivity (Alasad., 2020).Politics comprise about interference about any firm which is having link between into political parties with their norms and regulation or government creation of laws and other certainty which influence positively and negatively that enhance to complicated towards perform to survive in the kind of working environment. Furthermore, the 1
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influence of power provide a authority benefit towards an organisation. Because it is having ability to complete things in effective manner towards individual perspective. The organisation culture allows to implies flexibility and enhance within smooth manner that reduces turnover mechanism as well as leaning towards the social psychological that involves in surrounding towards UK consultancy firm. As per Marks and Spencer follows positive influence of culture in employee behaviour which managing and mapping employees performance and internal attributes objectives. Meanwhile, organisation culture is tend to guide towards employees developed skills and interest healthy workforce as well as good relationship among with each other. In following there is explain about Charlie Handy typology theory which contains four types of organisation proceeds in consideration of Marks and Spencer:Power Culture:In this culture, it defines about individual contains power to forming decision making through better understanding of workplace situation. It involves several rulesandregulationwhereitappropriateenhancerulesandregulationishaving systematic start up because of better start ups which easily presumes administration activities (Astutia and Ingsihb., 2019). In perspective of Marks and Spencer, employees are not having any majority ti create decision as this power is authorised to the top level of management who hold better supervise.Task Culture: This culture factor encompasses about organisation which is having clear aim to accomplish the objectives and targets that helps to overcame from difficulties and issues. The impact will face through team member who suffering from task related implication within more creative and effective way.Person Culture: As per this concerned a individual person apart from organisation such as Marks and Spencer, where it mostly allows to provide training by self trained people who having optimum knowledge and skills wit better understanding of work.Role Culture: According to this type, the culture is based on performance which is pursue in Marks and Spencer and every person recognise their roles and responsibilities towardsjobroles(Cahyonoandet.al.,2020).Theneedofusesofindividual qualification, sort of behaviour and skills set which implies in job role. The role culture is not having ability to enhance better decision making which involve less risk. Impact of culture on individual and team performance and behaviour. 2
As per according to Marks and Spencer culture is followsTask culture,where it having impact onindividualas learning and working that develop confidence towards accepting changes easily and having better utilisation of their skills and knowledge in their systematic manner. Meanwhile, it enhance an impact ofteamas effective culture that allows better communication, decision making to solving problem and forms better decision making. Organisational Politics: In this factor organisation refers about political affairs and states which commencing objectives which facilitates positive outcomes towards members. The Marks and Spencer company having necessity to comprise more effective decision making with better judgement in order to determine and handle employees. As the politics of Marks and Spencer is provide better understanding of politics impact on behaviour as well as performance are explained below: Decrease in Productivity: The politics enhance outcomes when top influences creates negative politics which expands whole time observation on the basis of their co- workers that distract from their work (Curcija., Breakey and Driml, 2019). Recognise and appraisal not provide to desering candidate which makes individual morale down and it also describes that they could not able to feel satisfactory in current workplace. Dissatisfactionof workforce: By facing issues and challengesthrough different problemwithinperfectattainingoftimeallotmentbutduetogroupismother employees feel dis respect and it creates an impact in decision making process. As in MarksandSpencertheirworkingculturewhichcreatesdisappointmentfrom workplace. From above organisation politics is having impact onindividual,where their potentiality and better efficient to perform the task as well as having directly impact on employees's productivity where they could not able to accomplish their target. And further its impact onteam member is having better influenced because of disorder that performs with better decisions making. As politics is provide positive outcomes towards team players that helps to accomplish group objectives. Influences of organisational power on the behaviour and performance: The power is comprise about having capability that helps to influence and managing people is having systematic or compliance oriented where it allows to attain the changes. It will 3
enhance impact towards behaviour that align proper controlling over resources. Power is assorted to ensuring compliances as well as work related commitment in Marks and Spencer. In perspective of French and Raven, Marks and Spencer can assort power which provides five sources which describes in given below: Reward Power: As per this directly related which refers about Marks and Spencer implement rewards to those employees who able to attain better outcomes which able ton control as per employee remuneration with better reward system. Coercive power:This is one of opposite that defines Marks and Spencer manager who having knowledge to expect an unwanted work experience towards its employees (Farrukh and et. al., 2018). This factor implies effective promotion, termination or suspension. Legitimate Power: It emphasis about mutual agreement and position where it related to assigned job responsibilities on the basis of define periods which have contain effective knowledge and skills base. This power is assigned better work delegation on the basis of Marks and Spencer.Expert Power: This is affiliated towards highlight to approach expertise who circulate large information along with knowledgeable which required through employees where it help to accomplish positive outcomes in Marks and Spencer. Impact of powers on individual and team performance and behaviours: Through above organisational power in Marks and Spencer basically follows Reward Power in their work premises. The impact of power inindividualto enhance self motivation and implements highly improvement in full inner confidence towards their task and performance as per specified time period. Apart from it, the impact inteamto perform task along with targets to attain need more contribution in desired outcomes.By concluding the organisational power it commence to help Marks and Spencer to retain their potential employees as well as control on their performance level with proper guidance provide to them. 4
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Task 2. P2. Evaluate how content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques enables effective achievement of goal in organisation perspective. Motivation: It is process that intimates, guides and concerned goal nature of behaviour. Motivation is type of desire as an act to facilitates service for attaining goals. As more understanding about concept of motivation, it involves two theories which provides better understanding of motivation factor such Process and Content theory in perspective of Marks and Spencer. Content Theory:According to this theory where find answer to what motivates an individual where it majorly focuses on needs of that individual that helps to fulfil basic requirement. In perspective of Marks and Spencer in following explantation of motivation about McClelland's Needs theory: Mcclelland needs theory:In this need theory comprises about specific need towards individual that tend to acquired over the period of time that customised within single experience of McClelland theory. It contains three basic motivating needs in which need of power, need for affiliation and need of achievement and along with associates with effective performance driven to determines basic need to fulfilled. Need of Power: As per this power is contain ability to influence the behaviour of others through which people are having high needs seeks high level of position towards organisation(Forssell,2020.).InMarksandSpencer,toplevelmanagementlike superiors, manager and executives having power to control activities, decision making and assigned roles and responsibilities to workforce on the basis of capabilities. Need of Affiliation: In this factor high need of affiliation enhance pleasures, bonding and better relationship to reduces the pain. As in Marks and Spencer organisation employees are interacted between each other to feeling people to accept where it helps to maintain relationship. It enhance to enhance better enjoy that use to console with sense of close relationship to coordinate with among peer ones in workplace. Need of Achievement:It is one of important and intense desire to accomplish. This type of motivation promotes who are achievers that reduces moderate risks and performing activities by systematic manage activities (Hiekkataipale, 2018.). Similarly, in Marks and 5
Spencer there are leaders and manager who seeking for fair feedback after completion of work. To provide incentives and rewards in terms of provide favourable outcomes. Process Theory: This theory is having process that defines ideas that explains about how entity changes and develop. Process theories is mainly design with proper variance as well as effective system that dependent one independent variables. Goal setting theory of motivation: Goal setting theory process about provides motivation and direction to employees through enhancing better setting more complex along with effective goals which enhance to increase better productive performance and profits of manpower through generates motivation of accomplishment by challenging specific objectives. In perspective of Marks and Spencer applies this theory by focuses overall principles which involves in goal setting theory: Clarity: This is one of essential goal or objectives which aims and setting by manager of anorganisation,whereMarksandSpencermanagerclearoutaboutobjectivein employees mindset (Kaur., Malhotra and Sharma, 2020). Therefore, it reduces the chances of chaos and other form of barriers that helps to leads towards in succession planning. Challenge: Through better development of an employees it is essential to setting challenges target in which employees can accomplish their targets. Many employees get more motivated by successfully achieve challenging task as well as optimise positive outcomes in return. Commitment: It depicts about goal commitment and loyalty which is necessary, in early stage of setting up objectives or target through manager. It enhance to discuss importance with employees where they provide significant level of contribution towards employees in goal setting and decision making process. Feedback: According to this factor it implement by expertise or manager who assess and provide fair feedback to employees. Within an open discussion and implies of feedback where employees provides different opportunities to clarify expectation by adjusting goals difficulty and proper gain recognition (Pan and et. al., 2018). The impact of feedback enhance to provide sense of importance that prevails chance to facilitates employees to sharing problem and issues which will improve performance to effective motivation power. 6
Evaluation: As in two motivation theories is explain about employee perspective where their needs areimportantwhichmakesthemprovidesatisfactioninjobandincreasetheirinternal capabilities that help to accomplish their target. McClelland theory depicts about itsindividual need of achievement and power that perform in employees working aspect that enhance to keep motivate in effective manner. In other phase, Goal setting theory, this majorly commits about individual and group employee of Marks and Spencer must have goal or objective which makes it motivate to accomplish in better way of aspect. Clarity, charity, commitment and feedback plays major role to guide and provide positive outcomes during processing of goal achievement. Task 3. P3. Role of effective team in achievement of objectives. Team is defines about group of individual who work with each other towards accomplish a common goal successfully. As team can be differentiate two parts effective and ineffective as per their performance basis. Effective team ensures to accomplish their aims and objective in given time period while Ineffective team, are not have appropriate skills even lack of performance where they would not attain the goals ineffective way (Pradhan and et. al., 2018). Some of the skills are highlights towards effective team in Marks and Spencer: Soft Skills: Some of soft skills are linked with personal and interpersonal skills of individual and team are included which is high necessary that increase the productivity in workplace. CommunicationSkills:Accordingthisskillsisessentialtoconveydeliveror communicate with an information in effective way (Seong and Hong, 2018). Effective communication skills helps to reduces barriers or conflicts at the time of discussion. This way of communication shows quality of effective team. Self Discipline: To being effective team which is necessary to all members of team behave in discipline manner as well as necessary to follow the guidelines. This ensures completion of work on time to fulfil overall guidelines which makes effective team and ensures to achievement of targets. Hard skills: 7
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It includes the ability of learning able to presentable skills, knowledge and credentials of particular individual that is explained below in context of Marks and Spencer: Technical knowledge: By having proper team of effectiveness which can achieved when all member on having technical knowledge and full information which is about project and objectives to accomplish in better way. Degree and certificates: As all member of team must insists towards relevant degree and certificate as per needful for task (Simbine and Tukamushaba., 2020). An effective team only attain their target when all member are having optimum educational qualification with desired target and objectives Compare between Effective team and Ineffective Team BasicEffective TeamIneffective Team Decision makingAs per effective team, all member of team undertakes decision after consent with all team members. It removesallthebarriersand conflicts as per time to helps by attainingmutualgoaland objectives. As per these type process of team in decision making which takes placeswithoutanyconsent among all team member which createconfusionandriseof among all individuals. Distribution of PowerEffectiveteamis one of which power is divided equally towards all the teams which develop their performance. The system of power distribution is one of most important which is distributed by decrease morality andperformanceofteam member. Effective team opposed towards ineffective team in different factor: In Communication, effective team is more better than ineffective team in terms of clarity of message and better coordination between member in systematically, but ineffective team member are not skilled enough to coordinate or share their work unappropriated. In Decision making, there is high fair ability of decision making power in effective team as they not consume much time and initiates to enhance quick solution which generates 8
positive outcomes (Soto and Rojas., 2019). Therefore, ineffective team does not have any power of decision making in fact, they takes more time to implement strategy and decisions. Tuckman development theory By under this development theories made in perspective of Marks and Spencer to make better effective team in context of Marks and Spencer company. According to this model explains that team develops their maturity and ability level, relationship establish within leadership fluctuates leadership styles. It contains four types team building forms which helps to Marks and Spencer manager to create effective team.Forming: It is first step of Tuckman's model defines about to creation and introduced of the team with each other. After that evaluation is categorised on the basis of skills and interest of team member which are made by organisation to effectively distribute the task as per interest of employees which increase their competency.Storming: This is second steps which efforts to contribute towards reduces chances of barriers and conflicts in particular formation of team. As Marks and Spencer ensures that their team must have ability to reduces challenges and become efficient team.Norming: As per this third stage all the member of team which they shared working such skills and knowledge of team appreciate towards effective team that enhance leader a good performance through motivation.Performing: It is fourth stage, where team member ready with all instruction and having clarity of objectives as well as commence to improves the performances within ability of objectives accomplish in successfully manner. Adjourning: This is final stage in which project of task comes to reaching towards its ending or destination which reflects about actual performance and effectiveness of team .As per targets get accomplish that team would known eas effective team but if task is not attained it will known as ineffective manner. Evaluation: In above Tuckman team building, it is been explain that how leader of Mark and Spencer can approach this team building concept. As it is very essential to making understand employees by undertakes overall responsibility in which preparing to implementing action of work through 9
formation of particular team. In each five stage it describes about how can specific team member can coordinate and approach their work aspects in different manner. Task 4. P4. Apply concept and philosophies of organisational behaviour within an organisation context of given business situation. In organisational behaviour is having different types of philosophies perspective of MarksandSpencercompanytoemphasisofemployeeproductivityandperformancein proficient manner. Path goal theory: By using of this theory is made Marks and Spencer which help to develop motivation and leadership level through providing greater emphasis on leadership style create more psoitive happier in workplace environment. Employee Characteristics: According to this stage leaders of Marks and Spencer as they are responsible to enhance better understanding to mapped traits and seeking of skilled employee for better practise and design complex strategies to motivate employee that enhance high efficiency. TaskandEnvironmentcharacteristics:Theculturepoliticsandpowerof organisation forms which are important traits of environment about organisation. The leaders are need to seeking potential employees through which leader approach strength to assigned task accordingly (Tsai, 2018).Some of task which are more challenging to highlight: Design to task: According to design of task is emphasis about leader support, Marks and Spencer leader will allocate work to potential employees along with proper guidance in which each employee can presumes their targets systematically. Formal authority system:As per depending upon the task in which authority as well as leaders provide clarity of goals and employees at some point of control. Work Group: This defines about those team member who are not supportive or not skilled enough then leader would allow to provide proper instruction in which all team member would attain better outcomes. 10
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Leaders Behaviour:In this leader tries to adjust their style or behaviour on the basis of particular employees characteristics through which employees's motivation is leads towards righ path of goal. There are four types of path goal behaviour leader theory in situation of Marks and Spencer's: Directive: In this leader behaviour emphasis to their followers on what they expected to them, such as telling them what to do how to perform a specific of task beginning with proper time management. Supportive: According to this leadership behaviour provides information related with nature of specific leader who are well responsible towards their employees as well as leader behave as friendly manner to guide them in every situation. Participative: Through this leaders mainly discuss with their employees or followers before implement any decision as well as their beginning to proceeds. This can be counted as high trained and involvement in work aspects. Achievement:Theleaderareveryobsessedwithchallenginggoalsaccomplish oriented where each employees perform at their highest level where employees reflect their confidence in their ability to meet their expectation. The leaders personality is very professional and working environment such as technical or scientific. Evaluation: As per above leadership behaviour style in context of Marks and Spencer is suitable leadership behaviourstyle must consider Supportive leadership style as employees get full guidance and sharing friendly relationship with leader and employees where Marks and Spencer manager and leader provide positive business environment in which workforce can contribute their skills and knowledge as in effective manner. CONCLUSION In above report of Organisation behaviour has came up with summarisation where organisation behaviour is having important role that analysis of team as well as individual behaviour which having an significant effect on performance of an organisation. Factor of culture, power and politics plays various role in individual and team performance in workplace . In second phase, effective team is one of productive feature which helps to achieving targets as per durable time. By assorting of Tuck man team development model to design an effective team 11
inwhichitprovidesbetterunderstandingabouthowteamdeveloped.Atlast,assorting reinforcement theory is structure to measure different applications in perspective of behavioural theory. 12
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Pan and et. al., 2018, July. Extending technology acceptance model for proximity mobile payment via organisational semiotics. InInternational Conference on Informatics and Semiotics in Organisations(pp. 43-52). Springer, Cham. Pradhan and et. al., 2018. Unit-4 Organisational Behaviour. IGNOU. Seong, J.Y. and Hong, D.S., 2018. Age diversity, group organisational citizenship behaviour, and groupperformance:Exploringthemoderatingroleofcharismaticleadershipand participation in decision‐making.Human Resource Management Journal.28(4). pp.621- 640. Simbine,B.D.andTukamushaba,E.K.,2020.Theeffectofemployees’behaviouron organisationalcompetitivenessinhospitality.ResearchinHospitality Management.10(1). pp.43-49. Soto, M. and Rojas, O., 2019. Self-efficacy and job satisfaction as antecedents of citizenship behaviour in private schools.International Journal of management in education.13(1). pp.82-96. Tsai, S.P., 2018. Innovative behaviour of knowledge workers and social exchange attributes of financialincentive:implicationsfor knowledgemanagement.Journal of Knowledge Management. 14