Organisation Behaviour: Impact of Culture, Power and Politics on Individual and Team Behaviour

This report discusses the impact of organisational culture, power and politics on individual and team behaviour. It evaluates motivation theories and justifies the characteristics of an effective team. The report also analyses the way to influence behaviour of others by using behavioural motivate theories and models. The case study used is Marks and Spencer, a multinational retailer brand of fashion.

Organisation behaviour

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY ..................................................................................................................................1
P1 Analyse the way organisational culture, power and politics affect the individual and team
behaviour.....................................................................................................................................1
M1. Analyse how politics, culture and power can affect individual and team performance .....4
P2 Evaluate the way content and process theories of motivation helps in effectively
achievement in goals in organisational context. ........................................................................4
M2 Critically analyse the way to influence behaviour of others by using behavioural motivate
theories and models. ...................................................................................................................5
P3 Justify what forms an effective team as opposing to an ineffective unit. .............................6
M3 Analyse the relevant team and group development theories to support in an effective team
.....................................................................................................................................................8
P4 Utilize the conception and philosophies of organizational activity in organisational
circumstance in given concern state. ..........................................................................................8
M4 Evaluate how concepts and philosophies will influence the organisational behaviour ......9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
The organisational behaviour is defined as the study of the human behaviour within the
business enterprise. It is very important for every organisation to analyse the various aspect in
order to motivate its employees in order to work in an effective and efficient manner. There are
various principles of the organisational behaviour which can be applied in order to achieve the
goals and objectives in a successful manner. The business structure, culture plays a vital role in
developing the ways in which the employees conduct the different task. There are certain ways in
which the company can achieve the highest growths and development by improving the job
satisfaction, promoting employees so that they are able to increase their productivity. This report
is based on Marks and Spencer which is the multinational retailer brand of fashion. It is
headquartered in London, England. The company was established in 1884 my Michael Marks
and Thomas Spencer(Balwant, 2018). This report will cover various topic such as ways in which
organisational power, culture and politics influence the individual and team behaviour, content
and process theories of motivation, what makes and effective team opposed to ineffective team
and at last philosophies of organisational behaviour.
MAIN BODY
P1 Analyse the way organisational culture, power and politics affect the individual and team
behaviour.
It is very important for the management to analyse the behaviour of the employees within
the business Enterprise in order to function in a smooth manner. There are various ways which
can influence the individual and team behaviour within the company. It is the responsibility of
the management to analyse the different theories which can help in influences people in the
effective way. it is identified that there is influence of culture, power and politics on the
individual and team behaviour which is discussed below in context of Marks and Spencer:
Culture-
The organisational culture is defined as the collection of values, expectations, and
practices which guide and inform the actions of all the team members within the business
organisation. It is very important for every business organisation to analyse its culture which
influences the individual and team behaviour in an effective and efficient way. The Handy's
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culture model can be used in order to understand the culture the individual and team behaviour in
an effective way. The various kinds of culture can be practices by the organisation which is
discussed below:
 Power- This is the type of culture where the power is in few hands of individual which
influences the overall activities of the business organisation. It is very important for the
organisation to power culture which can influence the individual and team behaviour.
 Role- In the role culture everyone is aware about the rules and responsibilities which
need to be performed within the business organisation in order to achieve the goals and
objectives. This is the culture which makes the employs to keep on track and can do their
work independently without any interference. In context of the Marks & Spencer it is
very important for the manager to arrange basic rules and responsibilities in order to
make the skills in an effective manner to achieve the goals(Punnett, and Senaji, 2022).
 Task- This is the type of a culture which is opted by the business organisation at the time
in the encounter with some issue of the concern. Skilled and knowledgeable employee or
taken to accomplish the various task of the business organisation. It is not mandatory to
choose only one team to solve but it is based on the situation and requirements to whom
to choose in order to complete the task. In this type of culture the employees are required
on the basis of the project requirements and has the employs a chosen in order to carry
out the different task to achieve the goals and objectives of the business organisation
 Person- In the person culture the organisation focuses on the individual rather than the
team of the project. As employees at the exit of the organisation and must be utilised
optimally in order to achieve the desired goals and objectives. It is ferritin that the
company to focus on the employs needs and the basis in which effective strategies can be
made for the further development of the organisation. If you satisfied employee can do a
more effective work for the organisation. In context of the Marks & Spencer they provide
the training sessions for the individual so that they can enhance their skills in crafting
new opportunities to achieve goals(Shah, Khuhro, and Bakari, 2021)
POWER
The power is defined as the act of controlling in Manipulating the behaviour of an individual in
order to obtain the desired goals and objectives. It is very important to keep the power in control
for the organisation to achieve the best results. There are five types of power which should be
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taken into consideration in order to achieve the goals and objectives effectively which is based
on the situation. The various types of power are discussed below: Rewarded Power- This is the type of power where the employees are rewarded financial
in order to motivate them. It is very important for the organisation to reward in terms of
benefits, compensate, bonus etc. this type of power can help in achieving the goals and
objectives in an effective and efficient manner. (Javaid, and et.al., 2021) Coercive power- This is considered as one of the most commonly used power within the
business organisation. This is the power which is ineffective as using of the threats in
order to force people in order to perform the task. This is considered as in effective power
within the organisation. Legitimate power- This is the type of power which is received by an individual at a point
of time when an individual is able to gain certain positron within the business
organisation. This is the power because of the position within the company which is
given by subordinates in order to perform the task effectively. Referent Power- This is the type of power where the leaders can get the referent of the
other colleagues because of the trust ad respect. The person who holds this kind of power
has excellent interpersonal skills.(Carlucci, Mura, and Schiuma, 2020)
 Expert Power- This is the type of power which the employees has because of the expert
knowledge and skills which has individual has. This also includes with the experience an
individual has in order to complete the task effectively. The power can help the
individual to guide other employees and gain competitive advantage within the business
enterprise.
From the above different types of power discussed it is identified that in context of Marks
and Spencer it is very important to have the right power in the right hands. The excess use of
power to any individual can lead to the excess use of the position of authority. It is very
important for the managers to control the power of an individual in order to perform the task in
an effective and efficient manner. The company can adopt the reward power in order to motivate
its employees and increase their productivity.
POLITICS
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The politics is defined as the chain of operation in which the employees of the business
organisation interact with other employees by using the effective ability of interaction. There is
both positive and negative impact of the politics within the employees of an business enterprise.
It may be seen in communication with other employee, performing activities and flexibility in
holidays. So by opting an affirmative profession in company, it facilitates in creating healthy
relationship among employees and positively impacts in company's operation. (van den
Kieboom, 2021)
M1. Analyse how politics, culture and power can affect individual and team performance
There is the influence of power, culture and politics over the business organisation.
Which can impact the individual and team performance. It is identified that the culture plays a
major role in improving the performance of the employees. The environment plays a major role
in influencing the individual and team behaviour. The Tesco company can adopt the task culture
in order to motivate its employees. There is the impact of power on the performance of the
business organisation.
P2 Evaluate the way content and process theories of motivation helps in effectively achievement
in goals in organisational context.
There are various theories which help in motivating employees and achieve the goals and
objectives in an effective and efficient manner. It is very important for the organisation to
motivated employees in affective manner so that they can perform more better organisation
goals. The motivated employees can perform the better as compare to non-motivated employee.
This types of content and process theories can be explained in context and Spencer.
ERG motivation theory :
This is the motivation theory which was proposed by Alderfer. It is the extensive to Maslow
hierarchy theory and it is classified into three dimensions which are existence relatedness in
growth. It is identified that it is very important for the organisation to motivated to replace in
order to achieve the goals and objective.(Bandyopadhyay and Srivastava, 2021
 Existence needs- The existence is the type of elite where an individual is looking to fulfil
the psychological the basic need which is very chill in order to survive. This is the need
which may include food shelter, water and clothes. An individual cannot be sent to next
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level this data not satisfied. In context of the Marks & Spencer company should be to get
a point from which type like fulfil the basic needs in order to achieve the growth and
fulfil their needs.
 Relatedness – This type of individual wants to maintain the social relationship with its
family, friends and peers. It is very imperative to have a healthy relationship with other in
order to minimise the risk of the depression in anxiety. In context of the month by
conducting the group meetings and employee can maintain the relationship with the other
employees and keep the fiction is in order to motivate themselves
 Growth needs- The growth rate is a type of debt with the play focus on the development.
The management of the Marks & Spencer provides team training and development
session so that the individual can enhance the skills and bring the new opportunities. It is
very important for the individual skills and use the skills for them for the development.
Identify the carriers and focus on improving them. for an individual group in the skin
have impact on the working of the employees for the organisation.(Chung, and et.al.,
2022)
Process theory of motivation -
The equity theory:
Equity theory was established by John Stacy Adams in 1962. This is the theory states that
the employs are treated in a fair way and an equitable manner in order to motivate them. It is
very important to motivate employees in their this so that they can show their abilities in grafting
what is for the for the development. While on the other hand, respectively which is based on the
performance creation and based on the level of the effort which is given by deploying and
putting a project on the task. It is identified that when an individual is provided with an award
motivated the try to put extra effort in order to accomplish the goals and objectives within the
time frame. For an organisation it is very important to provide with the financial rewards,
compensation and bonus so that you motivate perform better. This will lead to more productivity
and make it less more proficient in order to achieve the organisational goals.
M2 Critically analyse the way to influence behaviour of others by using behavioural motivate
theories and models.
There are various motivation theories which can be considered by the Marks and Spencer
in order to increase the productivity of employees. It plays a major role in developing the
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motivations theories within the organization so that the company can achieve growth and
success. The company can adopt equity theory for the development of employees.
(Dobrovol’skij, and Piirainen, 2018)
P3 Justify what forms an effective team as opposing to an ineffective unit.
It is identified that an effective team is far better than an ineffective team. It is very
important for the organisation to develop an effective team in order to achieve the goals and
objectives effectively. An effective team always give benefits to the organisation in achieving the
goals and objectives. As in order to build an effective team there are mutual efforts which have
been put by every individual within the team. The characteristics of an effective team is
discussed below;
 The main feature of an effective is to develop an working environment which is
comfortable, informal, and relaxed for the employees within the business enterprise.
It is very essential that the leaders are able to guide and make the goals clear which is accepted
by all the team members.
 It is very important for every team member to give their ideas and perspective in the
discussion.
 It is important that every team member is able to understand each other and respect the
others opinions.
Tuck man model
It is very important to understand this model for the business organisation. There are
various stages involved within this model which is explained below; Forming- This is defined as the first stage of this model where the team has to be
developed in order to perform the task in an effective and efficient manner. It is very
important that at this stage the people introduce to themselves with other team members
in order to work inordinately. Norming- This is the second stage of the model where the people start developing trust
and understand each others opinions in order to perform the task effectively. This is the
most important stage where the team members start understanding each other and respect
to the ideas of the other people within the team. (Adu, and Opawole, 2019)
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 Storming- this is the stage where there are chances of arise in conflicts between team
members but the main goals of every individual is to settle down and act as an team in
order to achieve the goals and objectives effectively. Performing- This is the stage where the actual task is performed by all the team
members. Every individual focus on giving their best efforts in order to achieve the
objectives of the business organisation.(Bewick, J., 2018)
 Adjourning- This is the last stage where the individual performance has been measured
in order to appreciate people for their performances. Also, the managers can provide with
the valuable feedback if any corrections are required.
This is the difference between the effective team is opposed to ineffective team
Basis Effective Team Ineffective Team
Leadership In an effective team the
leadership is not seen clearly
as the leader is very informal
with its subordinates and act as
a team members in order to
motivate them.
In an ineffective team the
leadership is cleanly visible
where the leader acts as a boss
with the other team members
and also has a very formal
communication.
Underlying goals In an effective team the goals
and objectives are clearly
defined which is accepted by
all the members.
In an ineffective team the team
members are unable to
understand with the goals and
objectives of the business
organisation and this impacts
in their performance.
Team member contributions In an effective team the
contribution of all the
individual is equal and every
individual seeks for
performing the task with
mutual efforts.
It has been identified that there
is lack of interest within eth
individual and this leads to the
in effectiveness teams and the
performance within the task
which is assigned.
Listening In an effective team all the It is identified that when people
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team members listen to each
other and appreciates each
other ideas in order to perform
the task effectively.
do not listen to each other
within the team there is the
development of an ineffective
team.
Decision making In an effective team the
decisions are made by the
mutual understanding where
the concern of every team
menders is taken into
consideration.
Actions are taken prematurely
before the real issues.
Division of labour In an effective team every
members is responsible for
their task and the task is
divided equally. (Mathew, and
Sebastian, 2020)
Here in an ineffective team the
people are not aware of the
task which need to be
performed and this work is not
divided equally.
M3 Analyse the relevant team and group development theories to support in an effective team
It is very important to understand the characteristic of an effective team which helps the
organisation in building an effective team within the organisation. It is identified that an effective
team is always better than ineffective team in order to achieve the gaols and objectives.
P4 Utilize the conception and philosophies of organizational activity in organisational
circumstance in given concern state.
It is very important for the business organisation to use the various theories which can help
in understanding the behaviour of the individual entity with the business organisation. Here in
the concept of the philosophy is the theory which can be utilised in order to understand
organisation behaviour which is discussed below in context of Marks & Spencer:
PATH GOAL THEORY
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This was a theory which was established by Martin events at robot house. It is considered
as the most important theory which will help develop the different strategies in order to do with
the place. It mean it would duty in the leaders is to adopt the right strategy so that people can be
motivated in an effective and efficient manner. This is the theory we suggest that the leader
should thought right strategy style which can help in motivating employees in improving the
performance of the place to achieve the goals of the business organisation. There are various
styles in the stories which can we discuss their impact with the performance of the organisation. Directive- This is the style where the leader of the business organisation needs to guide
its employees effectively in order to achieve the organisational goals and objectives. The
main aim of the leader is to guide their subordinates in an effective manner so that they
can perform the task effectively. It is very important for the leaders of Marks and Spencer
to guide the employees and direct them with the right directions. Supportive- This is the style where the leader needs to be supportive towards their
subordinates. It is identified that being friendly in nature can motivates its employees in
order to increase their productivity and enhance their skills. It is very important for the
leaders to be supportive to its employees. (Theobald, and et,al., 2021) Participative- This is the way in which leaders allows its subordinates to participate in
the decision making in order to motivate them. This is the strategy which will help the
leaders in order to increase the morale of employees and achieve the growth and success.
It is very important for the leaders to take this style into consideration. Achievement oriented- This is the style which can be taken into consideration by the
leaders where the person is achievement oriented and the leader expects the high valuable
task from its subordinates in order to achieve success and growth of the company.
It has been suggested that Marks and Spencer can adopt participative leadership strategy
in order to motivate its employees in an effective and OfficeJet manner. It is very important for
the business organisation to allow its employees to take part in every decision making for the
company. This will help in increasing the morale of employees. (King, and McInerney, 2019)
M4 Evaluate how concepts and philosophies will influence the organisational behaviour
The path goals theory can be used by the organisation in order to understand the
organisational behaviour. It is identified that leaders need to adopt the rights strategy and style in
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order to motivate its employees. The leader of the Marks and Spencer can adopt the participative
leadership style which will help in increasing the morale of the employees to perform better.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it has been concluded that the organisational behaviour is the study
of the behaviour of employed within the business organisation. It is very important to understand
the influence of the culture , power and politics within the individual and team behaviour. There
are various aspect which need to be considered by the Marks and Spencer in order to have the
friendly and heathy culture within the organisation. There are various motivational theories
which can be adopted by the company in order to increase the productivity of the company. it has
been identified that an effective team is better than ineffective team in achieving the goals and
objectives of the business organisation.
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