Influence of Organisational Culture, Power and Politics on Individuals and Team Performance

This report explores the influence of organisational culture, power, and politics on individuals and team performance. It discusses the various types of power and their impact on team performance, as well as the different types of organisational culture. Additionally, it examines the role of organisational politics and its effects on productivity. The report also explores motivational theories for accomplishing organisational goals, including Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and Vroom's Expectancy Theory. Overall, it highlights the importance of effective teams in achieving organisational objectives.

Organisational behaviour

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
PART A...........................................................................................................................................3
Influence of organisational culture, power and politics over individuals and team performance
.....................................................................................................................................................3
Motivational theories for accomplishing organisational goals...................................................6
PART 2............................................................................................................................................8
Importance of having effective teams.........................................................................................8
Effective team vs ineffective team..............................................................................................9
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Organisational behaviour can be defined as the examination and execution of behaviour
of human which are directly associated with structure, system and technology of organisation.
The major aim of organisational behaviour includes to revitalise theory of organisation and to
conceptualise development of behaviour of individual (Wilson, 2018). This report includes the
major concepts of OB within background of Ryanair which is an Irish airlines founded in 1984
and headquartered in Swords, Dublin. This report includes culture, power and politics which are
coming as the major factor to influence team. Along with this various motivational theories has
been included in this in which stimulation of achievement for desired goals can be seen. With the
help of various factors effective and ineffective team is being analysed which could be helpful
for the company to deal with business complexities in effective manner along with high efficacy.
In the last part of report various philosophies has been applied in order to maintain healthy
relationships and to control behaviour of people in significant manner.
PART A
Influence of organisational culture, power and politics over individuals and team performance
Organisation culture
This is defined as belief, customs, assumptions of workforce who are working within the
organisation. This is associated with behaviour of people, their reaction and interaction with
other team members in the process of performance of tasks. Culture is playing essential role in
making prominent strategies in order to attain specific goals and measures. Within business when
top level management is introducing new culture then their responsibility arises of making
people comfort to adapt the same (Aithal and Kumar, 2016). Culture, politics, power may
influence goals of the business in effective manner and this may hinder performance of the
business in long term. Influence of these factors are elaborated a under:
Influence of power on team and individual performance
Business managers are having capacity to exert power to their subordinates in order to
stimulate effective working in them. The managers of Ryanair are using numerous types of
power so as to initiate effective working and provide high assistance to their employees. These
powers are elaborated as under:

 Coercive power: This power is utilised by individuals in order to punish or fire
employees when they find their performance not satisfactory (Ferreira, 2017). The
manager and other superiors of Ryanair is having this power in which managers are
focused on punishing and terminating employees when they find them unproductive and
less efficient. Although this power is utilised within Ryanair so as to provide maximum
output and to enhance team performance as well. Reward power: This power is utilised by broad of directors within Ryanair so as to boost
morale of employees by providing ample amount of training to them and providing
incentives as well. With the help of this power management of Ryanair is properly
rendering rewards and other benefits to their employees so as to help then in increasing
individual performance and team performance as well. With this power the management
of Ryanair is distributing rewards to their workforce in order to enhance their
performance along with overall team performance. Legitimate power: This type of power is used by various CEO with Ryanair in order to
manage and control various activities of employees. By using this power high controlling
measures can be exhibited in the business and this way team performance can be
improvised in order to achieve overall efficacy. Referent power: This power is utilised by leaders within Ryanair so as to meet their
major concern of boosting confidence in individual regarding their work. In order to
improvise employee and team function the leader exhibits ample amount of motivation to
their subordinates. This stimulate leaders in increasing team performance by which
loyalty towards the company can be created within employees. Expert power: This power can be allotted to manager of Ryanair who are having high
capacity and posses wide knowledge in their field. As the managers with high capabilities
are having capacities to tackle high complexities of business in effectual manner. These
employees are providing ample contribution to the business in which goals of the
business can be attained in superficial manner. Informational power: This power is designated to those people who are capable to
maintain secrecy within organisation related to financial reports and other valuable
aspects. CEO and board of director of Ryanair is using this power in which they are
accessing and maintaining major information of the business. These positions are

managing performance of employees and by this manner decisions are framed. This is
resulting in enhancing overall performance as by framing sufficient decisions.
Influence of Culture on team and individuals
Culture is defined as the values, beliefs and norms in which various functions are
performed by business within society. On the other hand culture is associated with above
mentioned factors of employees and other individuals. The culture can further be elaborated with
the help of Handy typology, which is shown as under:
 Power culture: This culture can be utilised in order to control and manage employees so
that they may function in a proper manner (Feitosa, Solis and Grossman, 2017). Within
Ryanair only a few people are given this power in which activities are controlled by them
on regular basis by exercising this power. This power is exerted by experienced people so
as to make them capable in performing in a effective manner within team and individual
as well.
 Role culture: This role is related with designating roles and other responsibilities within
employees within business organisation. Manager of Ryanair are utilising this culture in
very specific manner and by this skills and knowledge of employees are stimulating
organisational functions to be executed in effectual manner so as to boost up overall tea
and individual performance as well.
 Person culture: Within this type of culture potential and capabilities are examined by
managers by rendering various opportunities to employees in which they may enlighten
themselves and showcase their skill set. The managers of Ryanair are continuously
encouraging their employees via the culture and providing them such opportunities in
which they feel free to share their ideas and views. With the help of this efforts individual
may stay encouraged through out the journey and positive impact can be seen on
performance and output as well.
 Task culture: This culture is associated with designation of work, which states that
according to possessed sill set task should be given to individual within organisation so
by which overall efficacy of the business can be improvised and desired outputs can be
attained. Within Ryanair managers are using this culture and inculcating maximum
output for the company in order to enhance productivity as a whole.

Influence of politics on team and individual performance
Organisational politics is referred as participation of employees in framing strategies and
decision making so as to provide positive impact over sales and productivity of business.
According to Chanlat the behaviour of employees when associated with organisational politics
then this may divided into three types which are decisional, personal and structural. Business
politics is the negative aspect which is hampering performance and productivity in negative
manner. The impact of politics is being enumerated as under: Reduced productivity: When employees of the business is involved in organisational
politics then this is going to impact on their performance in adverse manner (Bai, Han
and Harms, 2016). Their focus over the work will be minimised and due to this the team
in which they are working will face decreased productivity.
 Spoiled ambience: The employees who are associated in organisational politics may
create path for generation of negative environment due to which influence can be drawn
to other employees and they could not perform their given task in proper manner.
Resultantly overall productivity and output will be tarnished and proper functioning of
business cannot be performed.
As per the aforementioned discussion these are those factors which are having high
implications on business, team and their performance as well. The manager of Ryanair is
required to examine these factor in proficient manner so that performance of individual and team
can be boosted along with achieving business goals in effective manner.
Motivational theories for accomplishing organisational goals
Motivation is referred as the commendation provided to individual in order to boost their
performance in effective manner in order to reach out to the maximum productivity. Motivation
exhibits high benefits within business and helps the employees to achieve overall objectives in
minimum span of time. Within this managers of Ryanair are utilising various theories of
motivation in order to encourage their employees in sufficient manner. The motivation theories
are divided into two parts which are discussed as under:
Content theories of motivation
Maslow Hierarchy of needs
This theory was propounded by Abraham Maslow in the year of 1943 in which major
focus in drawn on needs of employees. By meeting these needs satisfaction can be drawn by

which high efficacy can be brought within business working. These needs are explained as
under: Physiological needs: These needs are associated with water, food, shelter and many more
which are requisite for human in order to survive (Bishop, 2016). Safety need: These needs are attached with life security and safety, financial security,
health status etc. Social need: These needs are include reflection of love, belongingness form society and
from family so as to be feel valued and part of them. Self- esteem: These needs are associated with self respect, dignity and acknowledgement
in which self identity can be understood within group of people.
 Self-actualisation: These needs are associated with achieving their goals and coming up
as best version of themselves. When individual are willing to attain more then this need
comes under existence (Hopper, 2019).
Manager of Ryanair may utilise this motivational theory in order to satisfy various needs
of their employees and encourage them as well. This theory helps the employees to stay
motivated and conceive job satisfaction in order to enhance productivity and efficacy for
drawing maximum output.
source: The Hierarchy of Human Needs: Maslow’s Model of Motivation. 2018

Process theories
Vroom Expectancy Theory
This theory states that on the choices of individual their behaviour is dependent by which
pains can be minimised. Vroom communicates that on the various factors such as personality,
skills, knowledge and many more behaviour and performance is dependent (Gopalan and et. al.,
2017). Various constraints are used by manager of Ryanair in order to determine factors
affecting behaviour. These constraints include expectancy, instrumentality and valence. With the
use of this theory manager may recognise personal and professional objectives of individual due
to which job satisfaction can be taken out from employees.
Theory of X and Y
This theory was propounded by Douglas McGregor in the year 1960 in which motivation
style for different class of people is included which can be used by mangers of the business. The
employees who are not happy with their performance are required to be motivated more by using
authoritarian style of management (Wang, Kim and Lee, 2016). On the other hand those
employees who are having pride for their work will be taken as challenge for business and they
can be managed by suing participative leadership style. These people are self motivated and
solve their problem by creative thinking.
The manager of Ryanair can opt for Theory of X and Y so as to encourage their
workforce in effective manner in order to take out maximum outputs. With the help of this
theory they will be able to divide their employees on the basis of X and Y so by this each and
every personnel can be emphasised and performance can be enhanced.
PART 2
Importance of having effective teams
In every organisation team is inculcated which is made up of group of people comprising
various skills and knowledge in order to achieve overall objective which is given by
management team. There are various types of team which are described as under:
Functional : This is the group of members who are working in order to attain common
goals by which requisite improvement ideas can be identified due to which overall performance

can be enhanced. In the context of Ryanair this team is present in the business for making
sufficient decision regarding achievement of overall objectives in well defined manner.
Problem-solving: This is another type of team in which formation is made on the basis of
dealing with conflicts and problems faced by employees in order to stimulate healthy
environment within organisation (Kowalski, 2018). In the context of Ryanair this team is present
is the business which is helping employees to deal with any complexity by taking appropriate
actions.
Effective team vs ineffective team.
Team is referred to the people's group who are coming together so as to attain common
objective of business. Team are considered as most effective element of business by whom high
contribution is pertained for success. Within daily functions roles are played by team which are
of two types:
Effective team: This type of team is assisting the business in achieving their pre defined
objectives in effective manner as with the help of their owned skills appropriate contribution can
be given to the business in making success. These members are having sufficient knowledge and
understanding by which support and assistance to other team members can be given and issues of
the teams can be resolved in proper manner as well. The team member of effective team are
working to establish effective communication in their team so that things can be communicated
in easy and early manner. Similarly members of effective teams are having clarity for goals and
objectives of the business.
Ineffective teams: This type of teams are formed without dividing skills and knowledge of
member which leads to unclear paths for team members. By this execution of task can be
delayed and impact overall performance in adverse manner. Due to ineffective team in business
productivity of the business can also be tarnished which may make the company to face delay in
task completion.
Difference between effective and ineffective teams
Basis Effective team Ineffective team
Goals Leaders are the person who are
defining goals in effective
Roles are not clearly defined
which lead time delays in

team and these are supported
by each team member in order
to solve any problem or
complexities.
completion of work and losing
of overall efficacy
Role distribution Roles are clearly defined and
designated within members
which is based on skills and
knowledge possessed(Pyc,
Meltzer and Liu, 2017).
Roles are divided without
taking skills and knowledge as
base and this enhances the
chances for errors and creation
of complexities.
Problem solving When roles are clear then this
may lead them to perform their
task in most effective manner
so that work related problems
can be sorted easily.
This type of team is lacking
behind the ability of problem
solving as team members are
not cooperative which leads to
face huge conflicts as well.
Belbin Team Development Model
It is explained as the model which is quite crucial for any of the entity because it simply
allow to identify the way through which entity can attain success. The concept was introduced by
Meredith Belbin. This model simply says that any of the person within the entity should be
assigned any role on the basis of their skills and knowledge. It is essential because it is the only
way through which work within the entity can be performed without any interruption. In context
of Ryanair, this can be the model which can allow them to form favourable team through which
their targets can be accomplished easily. The role of team has been discussed below:
 Action oriented roles: In this particular role, it is mainly focused that how teams goals
can be accomplished with the help of appropriate strategies. Also, focus is given on
completing the work on specific time period (Saintilan and Schreiber, 2017). Some of the
main area which is included in it are shaper, implementer and completer finisher. It is the
role which can be beneficial for Ryanair because it will simply allow them to form
strategies and as well as executing them in specified manner.

 People oriented roles: It is also among the important role in context of Ryanair because
it certainly focuses that how new idea and concept can be developed so that project can
be executed in best possible manner. Some of the important person who plays the major
role in it are coordinator, team worker and many more.
 Cerebral roles: In context of Belbin team development, cerebral plays the important role
because it simply helps to analyse and determine the situation along with different
options which are available (Taneja, Pryor and Hayek, 2016). In context of Ryanair, their
management can easily determine that how they are needed to deal with any of the
complex situation in best possible manner as favourable and unfavourable aspects are
evaluated in it in the beginning.
Concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour
Path goal theory of leadership: It is the leadership theory which is effective for business
entity as manager and leaders can easily guide their subordinate that how they are needed to
perform any of the work. This particular theory can easily guide that how an organisation can
allow themselves to accomplish their goals and target on specified time period. Talking about
Ryanair, it can be the theory of leadership through which leaders can easily find out about the
character of each employees and how they are performing within the organisation. In addition,
looking at the performance, further guidance can be provided that how working capabilities of
employees can be enhanced.
Classification of path goal theory-
Employees characteristics: It simply allow employees to bring changes in their working
style which can be effective for the organisation like Ryanair. Employees can be motivated by
giving proper guidance so that they can work according to the requirement.
Task and environmental characteristics: There are number of situation where
employees have to face problem within the entity and if management of Ryanair is able to
resolve them then in that respective situation problem can be resolved easily (Mohiuddin, 2017).
Also, it will solve any of the problem which is being faced within the workplace.
Leadership styles: Leadership style can be defined as the the way of leading team within the
specified manner so that organisation can able to attain its objectives. The different types of
leadership styles are discussed below:

 Participative style: The leadership style where leader and manager focuses that how
team work can be effective for any of the organisation for attaining effective result. If
Ryanair is able to form different team where ideas can be shared then there is higher
possibilities that suitable decision will be taken through which goals can be accomplished
easily. As this types of leadership allow employee to give their participation in new field
which means that there is higher possibilities that employees will remain motivated.
 Directive style: The leadership style where manager and leaders do not allow employee
to take part with decision making policy is known as directive style (Famakin and
Abisuga, 2016). If company like Ryanair uses directive style then there is higher
possibilities that employees will not remain satisfy with the company. But, this types of
leadership style is effective if decision needs to be taken in quick succession.
Barriers in implementing new organisational structure
There is a huge competition in the market and in this respective situation if company brings
any of the changes then lots of problem occurs within the organisation. For company like
Ryanair, it is essential for them to identify about the major problem so that best possible decision
can be taken. List of possible barriers has been discussed below:
 As company like Ryanair have huge capacity of employee where they belives upon
diversified environment which means that there is high possibilities of conflicts and
issues (Paulamäki, 2018).
 Frequent changes within the working style of Ryanair may create issue for them because
it might not be possible that all of the employee get comfortable to work in new style of
performing task.
CONCLUSION
After analysing the complete file, it has been understood that organisational behaviour is
completely influenced by the culture, power and politics which are being followed in entity. If
company to perform at its best, then manger and leader should be able to motivate and given
different types of benefits to the employees. Different types of theories are there which can play
supportive role for any of the leader in motivating employee and taking favourable decision.
Also, there are different types of barriers which occurs upon entity whenever they try to
introduce any of the changes.

REFERENCES
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