Organisational Behaviour: Influence of Culture, Politics and Power

This report analyses the impact of culture, politics and power on individual and team behaviour and performance in Sainsbury. It also assesses how process & content theory attain goals and objectives of an organisation. The report explains the factors that make a team effective and ineffective using Tuckman's theory of team development.

Organisational
Behaviour

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
P1 Analyse how culture, politics and power can influence individual and team behaviour and
performance ................................................................................................................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5
P2 Assess how process & content theory attain goals and objectives of an organisation..........5
P3. Explanation of factors which make a team effective and ineffective ..................................8
P4. Application of philosophies and concept of organisation behaviour in company and
organisation context ...................................................................................................................9
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Organisational behaviour is termed as a practical division and report of behaviour of any
person, group in the field of workplace. It involves various sections that are introduced in the
management to maintained the behaviour like controlling, understanding and managing the
individual's nature (Chan and Lai, 2017). It offers the manner of evaluation among candidates,
teams and behaviour of management. Such sort of division is applied for maximising the
potentiality and productivity of an organisation. It defines the role of diverse issues such as
employee performance, bonus, managerial environment and many other. The company consider
in this report is Sainsbury. It is the second largest series of supermarket in the United Kingdom.
The following report cover the manner in terms to the cultural, political and power that will have
an impact on the business of management. As on the other side, several applicable models and
theories that are used by Sainsbury to offers positive situation at the workplace.
TASK 1
P1 Analyse how culture, politics and power can influence individual and team behaviour and
performance
Organisational behaviour is relates with the study that evaluated its effects on individual's
performance and team members as because of its diverse set of the performance like power,
politics and culture. Managerial culture will involve value, beliefs and ethics that are managed by
the management (Conard and et.al, 2016). Every management have several set of manner for
performing and operating their strategies. Sainsbury has adapted several sort of the strategies in
respect to accomplish their managerial targets. Various executives have their own fundamental
manner of encouraging their candidates and maximising their employee satisfaction. Individual
and team behaviour in the management of Sainsbury will depends on the are performance in the
management that will have an impact on politics, power and culture that are followed in the field
of management. The management of Sainsbury is a grocery store in the United Kingdom as it
provides quality of good and services to their consumer. The concept of managerial culture,
politics and power are as follows -
Power
It will define as the capabilities of the individuals to attract other individual in
management. The managers are allocated various roles and powers from their executives in order

to accomplish organisational goals. Sainsbury has diverse managers who maintain several
operations in terms of finance, human resource, marketing and many more (Dedahanov, Rhee
and Yoon, 2017). The managers of Sainsbury, who maintain all functions and create decisions
accordingly. As there are diverse set of powers that are given to the managers of Sainsbury that
are as follows - Legitimate power – As per to it, they have power of duty or obligations at workplace. It
will precede various command and will maintain the structure. Reward Power – This power is in hand of the executives and managers for providing the
rewards to candidates for performing functions for the management. In relation to the
Sainsbury, managers offer influential benefits for performing functions. Referent Power - It will refer to the faith of attribute. It will involve the power that will
allow them to influence others and create faithfulness in them. Informational Power – It involves the power of managing information that are
confidential. It involves the knowledge of individual's plan of action, decision making,
and many more.
 Expert Power – This happens when individuals are having various set of data, expertness
and skills in field of enterprise and marketplace.
Politics
It will term as an annoyance activities in the Sainsbury that are basically completed by
non- performing individual of the management. Sainsbury has an adequate term with the higher
field of attention and deflect hard working individuals (Halbesleben and Wheeler, 2015). It
follows the suitable manner with intrinsic politics in every management. Sainsbury also have
conventional implied regulation, non-applied assumptions and many other criteria that are
perform the role of strategies. As there is various manner in which candidates will get effected
that are as follows - Demotivation of employees – Individuals who include in performing infliction actions
that are advised by leaders. Another individual who are performing hard and putting their
efforts will get demoralised if they are not rewarded. Productivity is decreased – Candidates and employees include in politics will not
perform well and they are not an active in terms of their job roles. While performing
infliction actions they are incapable to concentrates on accomplishing managerial targets.

 Ambience is spoiled – Managerial politics develops negative situation at workplace.
Candidates who are involving in mistreating others employees are unable to accomplish
their managerial targets.
Culture
It will deals with the manner for performing of diverse sections at the workplace. As
there are both positive and negative aspects in terms of individuals due to culture. If there will be
positive environment at workplace, all candidates will treated same then it will maximise the
candidates satisfaction and faithfulness (Harvey, Bolino and Kelemen, 2018). In the management
of Sainsbury, individuals will not have rights to present their ideas and thoughts in front of their
executives. It will minimise individual's involvement in decision making process in business. It
is important for managers to maintained positive situation in management. In relation to the
Sainsbury, there are diverse set of culture that are adapted by managers that are as follows - Power culture – As according to it, there are few obligations and concepts that are
applied by all candidates. Few candidates and managers are given power to create
decision. Candidates are consider on the basis of what they accomplish. It will lead to
rapid decision making. Task Culture - It has been developed when groups of the management are created for
mentioning particular issues or tasks. By performing task in groups then power will get
shifted and will rely on managing of group members. Person culture – In this individual culture, candidates are termed as specific and
authorised to the management. It is related with general output of person who might be
performing for similar management.
 Role culture - As it is highly managed and candidates are in control of their managers.
Such sort of management are basically termed as bureaucratic.
TASK 2
P2 Assess how process & content theory attain goals and objectives of an organisation.
Motivation – Motivation will define to the manner of influencing other individuals with the
motive of accomplishing the targets of the management (Khalid and Ahmed, 2016). It is termed
as one of an essential factor that will motivate individuals in respect to perform their best and it
will also support in accomplishing the managerial targets. Positive motivation is one that will

allow the individuals to perform their best and maximise their output. As on the other side,
negative motivation is one that will decrease the performance of candidates. In relation to the
Sainsbury, it will also support various candidates in enhancing their performance and will also
change their behaviour in terms of the management. It help in decreasing the employees
turnover.
Motivational theories:
Content theory – The content theory of motivation is termed as one of the model that will
concentrates on the suitable manner of motivation. It will involve diverse set of divisions that are
required by individuals in order to perform their operations. In relation to the Sainsbury, the
company will based on the relevancy of the motivation in the individuals to raise the learning of
things that are required. As there are several theories that are to be view in content theories that
are as follows -
Maslow hierarchy of needs - Maslow hierarchy of needs will concentrate on all candidates who
will share same section of requirements and all such desires that have their own structure (Khan,
Khan and Gul, 2019). Such structure will involve five tier requirements of individuals that will
support in maximising of motivation of an individual. This model will involve five requirements
that are as follows - Physiological needs - This is the initial section of Maslow needs framework. It involves
all the fundamental needs for living of the person. The requirements of individuals might
be get satisfied if they are functioning in the management. Safety needs - The following step of this framework will involve the safety, security and
needs. As both financial and non-financial security will be satisfied by executives for
their employees who are working in the Sainsbury. Social needs – The following section is to satisfy the physiological and social needs. In
relation to the Sainsbury, employees are provided all the benefits through which they
have an effective goodwill in the society. Esteem needs - As according to this section, respective have higher esteem and self-
dependence manner. The executives of Sainsbury offer incentives and acceptance to their
candidates by which their motivation level will get maximised.

 Self-actualisation – The leaders of Sainsbury make sure that they are performing
efficiently in developing individual's abilities by accomplishing all the above
requirements.
McClelland theory - McClelland theory of needs is one of the motivation theory that includes
the process of motivation. This theory includes three main characteristics of a person which are
as follows:
 Achievement: Needs of achievement emphasise on urge of a person to achieve
something.
 Affiliation: Need of affiliation is based on urge of a person to have social and
interpersonal relationship with other people.
 Power: Need of power refers to desire of a person to hold authority and control over
another person and create influence in changing decision.
Process theory: Process theory of motivation is focusing on how in motivation. This model is
not focusing on needs of people instead it is focusing on psychological and behavioural process
(Mackey and et.al, 2018). With understanding of process theory, it is easy to understand
interaction, action as well as context which motivate behaviour of individual. Process theory
create influence on both leadership and management. Some of theory which is included in this
category includes Vroom's expectancy theory, Skinner's reinforcement theory, Adam's equity
theory and many more.
Vroom expectancy theory: Vroom's expectancy theory of motivation is one which assumes
behaviour of a person is results from conscious choice in available choices whose purpose is to
increase pleasure ad decrease pain (Mueller, Renken and van Den Heuvel, 2016). This theory is
emphasise that performance of employees is based on different individual aspect like personality,
experience, knowledge, abilities. This theory also states that performance, motivation and efforts
are linked with motivation of a person. This theory also include some of factors which are as
follows:
 Expectancy: It refers to belief which increase efforts that helps to improve performance.
It is affected with availability of right resources, right skills and necessary support.
 Instrumentality: It is belief that if a person perform well that they will get valuable
outcome. It is affected with understanding of relationship with outcome and performance,
transparency of process.

 Valence: Valence includes importance which an individual place upon expected
outcome.
Adams equity theory: Adams equity theory is emphasising that people maintain fair
relationship between rewards and performance in comparison of others (Rashid, Gul and Khalid,
2018). Employees get demotivated in situation where inputs are more that output. In includes
three types of exchange relationship which are as follows:
 Overpaid inequity: This situation occur when individual perceives more outcome in
compare to input.
 Underpaid Inequity: This situation occur when individual perceiver less outcome in
compare to inputs.
 Equity: In this situation individual perceives outcome equal to input.
P3. Explanation of factors which make a team effective and ineffective
Effective Team: Effective team refers to group of people who are performing
independent task in order to work for achieving goals, objectives, mission. There are different
types of team which is formed for different goals and objectives (Skinner and Stewart, 2017).
Development of team require careful alignment and members of team need to cooperate with
each other for attainment of mutual goals. Effective team helps an organisation to increase their
productivity and also to increase their efficiency. Managers of Sainsbury are putting efforts for
purpose of forming effective team in their organisation which helps them to attain business goals
within specified time. Effective team has clear direction which helps them to get success and
growth of company. These team are openly communicate with each other in order to avoid
confusion. Members of effective teams are also providing support to each other.
Ineffective team: Ineffective team refers to a team which is has lack of trust, unfocused,
conflict ridden and also has negative competition. These teams has not any specific objectives
and purpose. Chances of conflict are more in ineffective team as their main aim to to attain their
personal goals instead of group goals. Ineffective team are avoiding to communicate with each
other and maintaining distance with each other. Ineffective team leads to errors and negativity
which create impact on relationship of team members. It also does not allow them to focus on
objectives of team and also cause delay in completion of work.
Tuckman theory of team development:

Tuckman theory of team development is introduced in the year 1965 by Bruce Tuckman.
This theory includes different stages in team development like forming, norming, performing and
storming. This model of team development helps managers of Sainsbury to develop effective
team in their organisation which helps them for attainment of goals of company and also increase
productivity of employees. Description of different stages of team development are as follows:
Forming: It is initial stage of team development which helps to set personal goals of
team development. This stage helps people to know each other and also allow them to develop
their vision.
Storming: Storming is next stage of team development in which people can break team
and develop process in order track progress as well as success of task (Szabó and et.al, 2018) . In
this stage, people in team are sharing their ideas and also build trust with team members. In this
stages, people are reflecting about what things they are offering and what thy needs from other
members.
Norming: Norming stages allow team to bond with each other and also completing
virtual team building exercise. In this stage, people are noticing each other and appreciating for
their strength.
Performing: In this stage, team members are motivated, confident as well as familiar
with their team and project on which they are working. In this phase, people are working to
attain final gains.
Adjouring: It is final stage in which project is completed and teams are disbands after
completion of project.
Team management is an important function of managers of company as its helps them to
accomplish task as well as operation. In Sainsbury, manager of company is ensuring effective
team development which helps them to attain business goals. It also helps them to complete all
task on time and increase productivity of company.
P4. Application of philosophies and concept of organisation behaviour in company and
organisation context
Organisation behaviour is study of behaviour of people and their wants of interaction
with group members. Study of organisation behaviour comprise areas of research which is
dedicated to improve performance of employees, increase satisfaction of employees and also
promotion of innovation. Organisation behaviour helps to improve motivation of employees and

also improve their performance. Managers of Sainsbury are using different theories and concept
of organisation behaviour which are as follows:
Sainsbury is facing problems related to communication among staff members which
create impact on performance of employees and organisation. It create impact on productivity
and efficiency of firm. This situation create conflict and chaos among team members which crate
impact on productivity of business and does not allow them to attain their business goals. In
order to deal with this situation, managers can adopt Path goals theory which is mentioned
below:
Path goals theory: Path goal theory is a leadership model which helps to specify style
and behaviour that is suitable to employees and its working environment. Goal of this model is to
increase motivation of employees, their satisfaction and empowerment. This model includes
different steps which are as follows:
Employee characteristics: Employees interpret behaviour of leaders on basis of their
needs like degree of structure, perceived level of ability, affiliation, desire for control. In order to
motivate employees need to understand their employees.
Task and environmental characteristics: Path goals theory helps to focus on
overcoming of obstacles. In situation where problem is too serious, then leaders needs to
interfere and helps to provide guidance to employees in selecting path. Characteristics of difficult
task arise due to designing of task, work group an formal authority of system.
Leaders behaviour: Leaders are adjusting their style as well as their behaviour
according to employees and characterises of task which helps them to increase motivation of
employees. There are mainly four types of leadership styles including directive, achievement,
supportive and participative.
CONCLUSION
From above mentioned project report, it can be concluded that organisation behaviour
helps manager to study human behaviour and understand how they interact with other members.
It helps managers of company to understand which aspect helps them to motivate employees and
which are not. Workplace politics is a negative activity which create impact on productivity of
employees as focus of employees is shift towards unproductive activity and gossips at
workplace. Culture is also important aspect which create impact on performance and engagement
of employees. Power helps managers of company to control performance of employees.

Motivation helps managers of company to create urge and desire among employees which allow
them to work with dedication. There are different theories of motivation like process theory and
motivation theory. There are two types of team working in company including effective and
ineffective team. Effective team has common goals and working towards attainment of common
goals of company whereas ineffective team is one which is not focused towards attainment of
goals. There is conflict among team members in situation of ineffective team.

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