Organisational Behaviour: Culture, Power, Politics, Motivation, and Effective Teams

This report covers the influence of culture, power, and politics on individual and team behaviour, the use of motivation theories to achieve organisational goals, and what makes an effective team in organisational behaviour. The report uses Google as an example and discusses different culture types, power types, and motivation theories. It also explains the Belbin typology for understanding team roles. Course code and college/university are not mentioned.

Unit 12
Organisational
Behaviour

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
Task 1...............................................................................................................................................1
P1 How culture, power and politics influences individual and team behaviour .........................1
Reflection.....................................................................................................................................3
Task 2...............................................................................................................................................4
P2 How content and process theory of motivation uses to achieve the organisational goals .....4
Task 3...............................................................................................................................................6
P3 Understanding what makes an effective team .......................................................................6
Task 4 ..............................................................................................................................................7
P4 Application of concepts and philosophies of OB ..................................................................7
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCE.................................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
The behaviour of organisation is considered as study of human behaviour that can help to
understand how people react and how they participate in activities so task can be completed in
certain period of time. The evaluation says that if human behaviour is not good and flexible then
it will be difficult for management to operate the business. Many challenges and changes are
faced by people who are working in organisation and give their contribution to accept the
changes (Argyle, 2013). Different culture of people are working in industry, where it is
important to adopt the new culture and method in order to work properly and increase the
organisational profitability. This report consider Google that is a multinational organization
headquartered in California. This report covers culture, politics and power influenced in
organisation, how to motivate individual and team to achieve goals, how team member cooperate
effectively with others and philosophies of OB that can help to resolve problems and complete
the task.
Task 1
P1 How culture, power and politics influences individual and team behaviour
In business industry good culture and power is important element that can be uses to
influence people's behaviour and increase the organisational workings. Culture is the tradition
and ways of working which is assigned by top management to their supervisors in order to
getting work done and increase the sale by managing task and risk in the organisation. This can
help to increase the business performance and profitability by working accurately and improve
relations. In context to Google, different culture, power and politics is adopted by management
that are as explained:
Culture: The arts, ideas, customs and social behaviour of a person is considered as
culture that uses by people in their working and ways of running activities in organisation. This
word is 'way of life' and the things that can help people to integrate in business activities and
perform each task effectively. Google's management uses Handy culture theory in their workings
that influences individual behaviour and team performance.
Role culture: When people wants to perform their job in expects of getting higher
outcome than role culture is defined. In Google, employees are performing their roles and
responsibilities clearly that make satisfied and motivate to work more. Team performance also
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become excellent as each employee is responsible to perform their roles effectively (Biggs and
et. al., 2013).
Power culture: This is strong culture that states in organisation all individuals are liable
to work by accepting the order of their superior who have power to make decision. In Google,
management have power who formulate rules and regulation that needs to follow by employees
in order to working. Individuals influenced from power culture as they feel job insecurity and not
to work properly. Team performance under power culture can be improve but members remains
unsatisfied (Kearney and Kruger, 2016).
Person culture: This culture mainly found in large and professional industry where
employees are working freely and independently that can help to perform their roles and
responsibilities. The individuals of Google influenced positively as they feel free to work and
perform their duties accordingly. In this, team performance can be reduced because no one
member ready to work by following leader and superior that may reduced organisational
performance.
Task culture: Task means work which is given by management to their employees by
setting goals and objectives of organisation. In Google, goals is decided and task allocated
between employees that motivates individuals to work properly and complete the task. Team
work also become effective and completion in given period by adopting task and managing
activities (Campbell, 2018).
From the above Task culture is following by Google that can help to allocate the work
between employees and perform their responsibilities effectively. This increases employees
satisfaction and job security by working well.
Power : This means decision power that having in the hand of few people who are
working and influencing others from their decision. If person make decision in benefits of all
then it influences employees positively and improve the business performance. In Google,
management are using French and Raven model for describing different power effectively that
are as explained:
Legitimate: This power is retaining in the hand of individual for certain period that
mainly have in president, prime minister and other top management where they make self
decision. In Google, using this power by management can reduce the working capacity of
individual because they have to follow orders of superior. Moreover, the team work can be
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complete by ignoring action of member that may create unpleasant situation (Bellisle and
Blundell, 2013).
Coercive: When people feels fear and unsecure in working is the reason of coercive
power which is problematic for organisation and reduce the organisational capability. If Google
uses abusing words, threatens, punishment and unpaid overtime then individual be affected and
make decision to leave that create difficulty for organisation to hire new employees. Other than
this, team work will not be completed on time because management does not coordinate with
employees properly (Geppert, 2017).
From the above Google is using expert power which is required to work
effectively in organisation and increasing the profitability. In this individual increases their
abilities and capacity to work and complete the task with expertise. Moreover team work become
excellent and timely that helps to attain the competitive advantages and good brand image.
Politics : When number of people are working in organisation then it become difficult for
management to treat equally all as some are following all orders and working well where as
some not. In this case, a person who has power uses politics and give opportunities to those
individual who nearest to them that create a feeling of dissatisfaction between employees. This
situation can be face by employees of Google as management are listening and giving
opportunity to those individual who nearest to top management and working for them only that
can affected organisation negatively. Individual make decision to leave and team work does not
get any appreciation of work and growth (Furnham, 2012).
Reflection
My learning skills are sufficient for me to maintain several topics that are hard to manage
and are not easy to understand and also the application of motivation topics on the basic of
course of life. I also try to connect my knowledge to present situation and contemporary
problems in respect to use my learning abilities in an effective way. I can also apply my learning
abilities in understanding the practical concepts that are presented to gain effective set of the
knowledge. My learning skills is not very satisfactory for me as it can create issues with my
work. Hence, I am working on my performing on my learning abilities in respect to accomplish
advantageous from coursework. With the support of sharing the learning abilities of an
individual that can increase their own knowledge and skills. As of the current situation, I also
have good knowledge that are related to several course of topic but with the support of that
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knowledge I will also support my colleagues to gain and acquire knowledge about current
situation of the above report. I also share my learning skills with others who are exist in the
management by which they can increase it with an effective modifications or changes in an
effective and efficient sort of the manner. As my learning capacity is effective but not perfect
due to which I try to accomplish perfect learning abilities. I generally know several concepts that
are presented in my course work of life but I basically have deficiency of practical
implementation of those concepts.
By applying effective learning that can apply diverse learning abilities in my academic
life a s I am enough good with most of the topic. With the support of my learning abilities I can
also identify several aspects and factors of theoretical knowledge. As on the other hand, it is
essential for me to share my knowledge that I have gained and learned with my learning skills
with other individuals. I can teach efficient manners of learning to my team mates and as well as
other group members that can also maximise my future abilities.
As there are various sort of the manner that are maximising my learning abilities but the
above report help me in gaining my learners capabilities with diverse techniques in my course of
life to maximise my learning abilities. In respect to create perfect learning abilities I also take
help of my friends and teachers. As on the other hand, it helps me creating my perfect learning
abilities due to which I am capable enough to follows my skills. I consider learning skill is one of
the skills that are essential factor for the growth of the global personalities of the workers. The
above discussion follows the learning skills that supports in holding effective and important
section of knowledge that supports in improving the academic abilities. Being an effective
learner I try to create my learning abilities on regular basis by which I can also maximise my
learning abilities on competence level.
Tuckman's theory
 Forming stage – The forming stage include a period of orientation and getting familiar
with my team members. In this risk of uncertainties is generally high and individuals are
also looking for leadership and authority. The team members who holds authorities and
knowledge will be considered to be maintained to take control.
 Storming stage – The storming stage is not easy step and it is crucial stage to pass
through. It is a period that managed by issues and challenges by individual's personalities
issues. My team performance might generally minimise in this section as because energy
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might be termed to be unproductive actions. Team members might disagrees on group
targets and subordinates and clients that might form around an effective personalities or
fields of agreements.
Task 2
P2 How content and process theory of motivation uses to achieve the organisational goals
Motivation is the effective term which uses by management of business industry in
expectation of completing work and attaining the business goals. The Google is handling by top
management who uses content and process theory of motivation.
Content theory: This motivation theory is used to know what motivates people who
works in organisation. The consider part in motivation is needs and wants of employees.
Maslow's Hierarchy of needs: This model of motivation states that individual must be
satisfy by filling their needs and wants that can help to motivate them work properly and increase
the workings. Google is applying this model for motivating staff that are as explained:
Physiological : This can be defined as biological needs that involves air, food, drink,
shelter, warmth, sex and sleep which are provided by Google in order to fill the employees needs
and their body can function optimally.
Safety: If individuals are satisfied then they are expecting that organisation will provide
safety needs. The Google is providing safety and security to employees that create a good feeling
and managing the works (Fagbohungbe, Akinbode and Ayodeji, 2012).
Love and belonging: If physiological and safety needs of Google's employees have been
fulfilled then next level for which they thrives is love and belongings that is maintaining by
employees and management (De Board, 2014).
Esteem: Every person has wants to get respect and esteem from others that can motivates
employees to work if is provided. The employees of Google is getting respect and good status
then they make decision to work for long period.
Self actualisation: The management of Google provide this activity in which employees
can analysis their activities and work accordingly which can help to give higher level of
satisfaction and increases the organisational working as well as profitability.
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Process theory: This involves areas and activities that motivates employees in relation to
organisation and complete task. The consider part in motivate is human behaviour that can help
to understand role responsibilities.
Adam Equity theory – This theory is uses to motivate employees by maintaining fair
relationship between rewards and performance that can influenced workings and increases the
outcomes. Three steps are covered in Adam equity theory that are:
Overpaid Inequity: When individual seek that their outcomes are more as compared to
employees inputs, in relation to others then it motivates employees more than others (Edwards
and Bowen, 2013).
Underpaid Inequity: In this, individual perceives that outcomes are less than their
inputs, in context to others then motivation level of employees is less that affected workings.
Equity: In this individuals of Google perceives that their outcomes in relation inputs are
equal to those of others where equity between person's outcome and other outcome can be
expressed as equal and helps to increases the business performance.
Task 3
P3 Understanding what makes an effective team
The number and collection of people who works in organisation and any other place is
concentrated as team. It has been seen that without contribution of team it will be difficult for
management to complete task and allocate the work because employees are not ready to work
that affected the business negatively. Two types of team is noticed by management that can are
working with individual as a group is known as effective and non effective team. If organisation
is having effective team then it make easy way to work and complete the roles. Google is larger
size defence organisation that has effective and non effective team, performing their roles
independently. The difference between effective and non effective team are as defined:
Effective team – This can be defined as team where employees of the organisation
understand goals of company in well manner. Task is accepted by all member who presented in
group. This can help Google team to work properly by allocating roles and responsibilities that
increases workings (Fuchs and Edwards, 2012).
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Ineffective team – This type of team is defined as where employees does not understand
goals and objectives of organisation. Task is not accepted by team members and not working on
goals. This should not have in Google otherwise activities will be affected of organisation.
To understand role of team, Belbin typology is Google that are being used by management that
are as explained:
Thought oriented
 Monitor evaluator: This means evaluators are making decision on the basis of rational
thinking and facts that can help to increase the workings. In Google, this role helps
management to work best in challenging situation and complete the workings effectively
(Kakabadse and Bank, 2018).
 Specialist: In organisation specific role and task is assigned by top authority to a person
who have special knowledge and skills to work that increases working progress.
Management of Google is a specialist who creates proposal and projects based on skills
and knowledge that complete the workings.
 Plant (PL) - The Plant is an innovative or innovator who deals with new thoughts and
orientation. Management of Google, expand on praise, but disapproval is especially tough
for them to coordinate with. Plants are often introverted and choose to perform role apart
from their group.
Action oriented
 Finisher: This person is defined as finisher that performs work in a good quality and
manages the all workings effectively. The team of Google is having this quality that
create a valuable environment and manages the working good in certain period of time.
 Shaper (SH) - Shapers are the individuals who challenge the group to enhance.
Management of Google, are dynamic and basically extroverted individuals who enjoy
challenging others, questioning standards, and determination an effective approaches for
solving the issues.
 Implementer (IMP) - Implementers are the individuals who get things done.
Management of Google, are turning the group's thoughts and concepts into practical
activities and plans
People oriented
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 Resource investigator: In organisation there are number of resources that should be
allocated and task is handling enthusiastic that increases the workings. Management of
Google, is uses this role in order to analysing personalities, exploring new opportunities
and carrying the activities effectively that increases workings.
 Coordinator: The management of Google works by coordinating with employees that
helps to share common goals and work on them by increasing profitability.
 Team Worker (TW) - Team Workers are the people in Google will provide support and
make sure that members of their team are working together effectively. These people fill
the role of negotiators within the team and are flexible, diplomatic and perceptive.
Task 4
P4 Application of concepts and philosophies of OB
Organisational behaviour refers to behaviour of people working in an organisation which
is really important aspect. The understanding of behaviour in people who are employed to work
with organisation helps in influencing them. Factors which are external to company and internal
in company both affects behaviour of people working for an entity. It is majorly important for
leaders and managers of organisation to understand what factors are motivating them and making
them work effectively. And if people are not being motivated or can not focus on work then its
duty of leader only to find out the problem and take corrective measures accordingly (Solomon,
Russell-Bennett and Previte, 2012).
Due to pandemic situation all over the world, Google is facing problem of not completing
its operations in United Kingdom. There are approximately 85,200 number of employee's but
still company can not function properly and the manufacturing of vessels, military aerospace,
land warfare systems and other things in which they deal in are not being manufactured on time.
This is happening because staff members hired are not coming to work and employee's who are
coming are not enough to complete tasks on time. The reason for not coming for work is
pandemic situation and the fear of employees is for current situation of corona virus. They are
afraid of being affected by the virus which will not only be problematic to there health but may
also create problem to whole families and other staff members too. To solve this Path goal theory
is being used by Google such as:
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Path Goal Model-
This model is based on leadership style or behaviour leader applies in organisation which
will increase employee's motivation level, empower them and satisfy them so that they become
productive resource for organisation. It is best thought for a process in which leaders behaviour
suites employee's needs and their working environment which will guide them through path of
obtaining the daily work activities. The leader can solve the problem mentioned above by using
combination of supportive and participative leadership style. The ways in which the leader will
implement the style are as follows:
1. Determination of employee's and environmental characteristics-
Personal characteristics of employee's are important to determine their ability to work and
focus they have toward their performance growth. According to problem of company leader
needs to identify lack of abilities in staff members who are coming to company for work and
make them comfortable in this situation. While taking about environmental characteristics in
company over-coming the hurdles is the main focus of path goal model. To make the
manufacturing process function smoothly Google can design its tasks in such a manner that
employee's in small numbers can also complete manufacturing process easily. Leader here can
help employee's to work in teams and support them when ever the employee's are not able to
complete tasks by guiding them in correct way (Van der Vliert, 2013).
2. Selection of leadership style-
After determining employee's and environmental characteristics, leader is responsible for
adopting the leadership style which is appropriate according to situation. Looking at problem of
the above company, leader can opt combination of participative and supportive leadership style.
Because employee's working are also afraid of virus situation but if they are working for
company then its companies responsibly to look after their safety and at same time get work
done by employee's. Leader can support employees by creating a warm and friendly environment
which will help them work effectively without worrying less about pandemic situation. By
making them participate with ideas or solution they think may help company in making decisions
on working process while motivate them towards work (Xerri and Brunetto, 2013).
3. Focus of motivational factors to help employee's succeed-
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After applying these leadership styles, leader needs to ensure that goals are clear to
employee's. The path or process on which they are working on is also clear and ensure that all
the obstacles are also removed to help employee's succeed in their work.
CONCLUSION
From the above mentioned report it has been concluded that, the behaviour and nature of
people who are working in organisation is considered in the organisation behaviour. As it is
important to have an effective aspect in order to increase the business performance. The
management and employees should be understand about the culture and attributes of each others.
It will help to complete the workings and maintain the good performance in changing the source
of the environment. Path goal theory is uses to resolve solution that are facing by the
organisation and role of team that are differently performed by team member in order to improve
their workings.
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REFERENCE
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