Organizational Behavior and Employee Motivation

This assignment explores the importance of organizational behavior in understanding employee motivation. It discusses various theories such as Maslow's Hierarchy, Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, and McClelland's Acquired Needs Theory. The assignment also examines the role of leadership, communication, and culture in shaping employee motivation. With a focus on practical applications, this assignment aims to provide insights into how organizations can foster a positive work environment that promotes employee engagement and productivity.

ORGANISATIONAL
BEHAVIOUR

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................2
PART 1............................................................................................................................................2
P1. (A) Using Handy's cultural typology to discuss organisational cultural ..............................2
(B) Influence of culture, politics and power of an organisation on individuals' behaviour and
team performance........................................................................................................................3
P2. (A) Content and process theories of motivation ..................................................................4
(B) Describe motivational techniques.........................................................................................4
(C) How to improve the level of motivation...............................................................................5
TASK 3 ........................................................................................................................................6
P3 (A) Identify and explain about various types of team with their importance .......................6
(B) Use of various theories in relation to prepare an appropriate team for working..................7
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................8
P4 (A) Applicability of appropriate theory for improving team performance and productivity 8
(B) Main barrier to effective performance..................................................................................9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11
1

INTRODUCTION
Organisations behaviour can be defined as the study of human behaviour in the
organisation. It is very important for the company to maintain the a good behaviour in the
organisation. This study is conducted by the firms so as to know the behaviour of staff working
in the company. It help them in increasing their efficiency and effectiveness as well. Here , the
management of the company is responsible to identify the behaviour of the employees and for
this company applies various plans and strategies (Adeniji, 2011). The behaviour of the
individuals only decides the culture of the company so maintaining good behaviour is very
important. The organisation that is referred here is British Broadcasting Company(BBC) which
is a British public service broadcasting company which is a news channel and gathers
information about current affairs as well. In this report, an organisation's culture , politics and
power is discussed and various theories of motivation and techniques are discussed.
PART 1
P1. (A) Using Handy's cultural typology to discuss organisational cultural
Handy's culture typology was developed by Charles Handy in 1999. it is one of the best
theory that has been derived for maintaining the culture in the organisation. It is very important
for the company to maintain an proper organisational culture so that the employees behave in the
way that is defined to them . BBC also follows an organisational culture in their organisation.
There are four types of culture that is defined in Handy's culture typology are:- POWER CULTURE – If a company is following this culture then here the power will be
in the hands few individuals only and they influence the whole organisation. In this,
performance of the employees are judged on the basis of the results given by the
employees rather than how they have done it or they act in the organisation. If BBC will
follow this then it will be good for them as decision making authority will be with few
people only and there will not be any conflicts then. ROLE CULTURE – Companies who follows Role culture are based on rukles and
regulations here the whole staff knows what role they have to play in the company. In
this, position of an individual plays s very important role (Alfes and et. al., 2013). In
BBC, if this culture will be followed then the employees will have to face certain types of
challenges in which they have to use their knowledge and skills so as to achieve success.
2

 TASK CULTURE – In this type of culture, a team is formed by the company for a
specific project or purpose. All the groups are having decision making power with
themselves so there is no chance of conflicts. This culture can also be applied by BBC as
it is beneficial for the company (Burnard and Bhamra, 2011).
 PERSONAL CULTURE - It is very difficult for the companies to include these type of
cultures inside the organisation. Here the employees does care much about the company
and focus more on themselves. BBC cannot follow this culture as it is not beneficial for
the company to maintain a culture like this.
(B) Influence of culture, politics and power of an organisation on individuals' behaviour and
team performance
In the fast growing business environment, almost all the companies are trying very hard
to maintaining good employee relations so that the work of the company is not hampered and is
being completed effectively by the staff members. If the employees of the company will behave
well then it will make a positive environment in the company . There should be cooperation and
coordination between the employees and management and no conflicts should take place. In
BBC , managers of the company is maintain effective strategic in the company so as to maintain
a good working environment. If the environment will be good then only the company will be
able to do their work properly and give good results to the company.
In an organisation , culture , power and politics play an important role in influencing the
behaviour of the individual. According to smith, culture is having a very strong influence in the
working of the company. If the company is able to maintain good culture then the employees
will feel comfortable and will not leave leave the company. A culture basically includes value
and beliefs that is present in the company.
As per Smith, politics is very important for the company as it helps in developing the
skills and knowledge of employees but simultaneously it is bad for the company also it affects
the working in the company. Many employees do conflicts in the company and this is the case in
BBC also and this is the reason of so many conflicts in the company. Employees do politics
when they are not satisfied with what is being given to them by the company (Coccia, 2014).
Power and politics is also having positive impacts in the organisation. They help in
developing relations inside the company. Certain components which are involved in
organisational cultural of BBC Ltd. are stated as below: -
3

 Leadership – In this , it is described that the major role is played by the leaders and
managers of the company as they are the ones who can easily identify the behaviour of
the people working there (Collings, Scullion and Vaiman, 2011).
 Skills – it is very much required in a individual to perform the work effectively. It
describes the ability of an individual.
 Attitude – It is very important for the company to maintain a good working environment
as then only the employees will fell comfortable and will do their work properly.
 Working Environment - A person's attitude can be both positive or negative. A positive
attitude can bring growth in the organisation but a negative attitude can destroy the image
and work of the company.
P2. (A) Content and process theories of motivation
According to Smith, Motivation is one of the important factor that is required in an
organisation . It is an essential function of management which is conducted to to make the
employees of the company comfortable . Through motivation the organisation tries to improve
the skills and knowledge of the employees and their productivity is increased and they give god
results to the company. This function is performed by the leaders and the managers of the
company. If the employees are well motivated then they will be able to complete the achieve the
goals and objectives of the organisation on time.
In BBC the company very well understands the importance of motivation and therefore
management of the company is making plans as to how can they motivate the employees of the
company. There are basically two types of motivation:-
 Extrinsic – in this type, external forces plays a very important role in the company in
encouraging the employees of the company. This can be in the form of bonus checks,
giving extra holidays etc.
 Intrinsic – In this, the employees are motivated through their personal desires i.e. from
those things that make them happy (Del Mar Alonso-Almeida, M. and Rodríguez-Antón,
J. M., 2011).
4

Source:- theories of motivation, 2017
(B) Describe motivational techniques
The two types of motivational theories are described as under:-
Content Theories:- These are also referred as Need theories because it concentrates on
importance of what employees wants and how are they motivated. Here basically they try to
identify the needs of people and then relate it with motivational factors.
Process Theories:- In these types of theories, they try to explain how behaviour is directed and
addressing issues like how process will work inside companies (Farndale, E., Hope-Hailey, V.
and Kelliher, C., 2011).
The motivational theories are described as :-
Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory :- This is also called as a two actor theory . Here various
job factors are determined by the company which is essential for the existence of motivation in
the workplace. The factors includes Pay, company's policies, fringe benefits, physical working
conditions, status etc. All these factors does not give a positive impact for long term but if they
will not be present then it will bring dissatisfaction in the employees. Here two types of factors
are considered which are Hygiene factors and Motivational factors.
5
Illustration 1: theories of motivation

Alderfer's ERG Theory :- This theory condenses the Maslow's five needs into three categories
which are -
 Existence – It includes all materials and psychological desires which includes air , water ,
clothing etc.
 Relatedness - These include the aspirations that an individual is having to maintain
important relationship s inside the company. Growth – These include need for self development and personal growth and
advancement.
Adam's equity theory – It proposes that all the employees should be treated in equal style
by their superiors. Its results can be seen in the employee's productivity and profits. In this,
Adam's equity theory also determines that distribution of resources have to be fair in both parties
if managers want to get better future outcomes. Equity can be evaluated by comparing the ratio
of benefits and contribution of each individual (Fuchs and Edwards, 2012).
(C) How to improve the level of motivation
BBC is a multinational company and so they are employing so many employees in their
company. So , in order to manage all of them they need to implement various motivational
theories so that they are able to work effectively. A motivated employee thinks of the benefit of
the company but if the employee is not motivated then he will think of his own benefit. The
target of the company's is to make use of all the motivational theories so that their profits an
productivity is increased. The company's motivate their employees by giving them rewards
whether monetary or non-monetary. The management should know that which employee will be
motivated with which kind of benefit and then give them rewards accordingly. BBC company is
using Maslow's need hierarchy theory to motivate the employees by satisfying their needs and
wants. With the productivity and growth of the company , it can b said that the employees are
highly motivated and correct motivational theory is applied by them (Kazemipour and Mohd
Amin, 2012).
TASK 3
P3 (A) Identify and explain about various types of team with their importance
Team work is essential factor when working in an organisation. It enable an association
to grab and gain whole outcome in an appropriate manner and enhance productivity and
profitability of business as well. Thus, there are various teams are working in an organisation
6

whom play an effective role in making things corrective in nature. Groups and work have to be
divided by analysing each and every individual skill and capability to deal with variety of
situation. This enable in gaining appropriate outcome in relation to sustainability and enhance
productivity as well. At BBC, there are different sort of teams are working whom have their own
importance at their own place. This enable them in doing all things corrective in manner for
making better and effective production and profitability: Functional team: BBC divide all their functional team together under which IT related
individual are working together and marketing function personalities are operating under
a single roof. This team is important at their own place for make things appropriate in
nature by discussing about a single concern together and take appropriate decision. Problem solving team: British broadcasting channel prepare another major team in an
organisation which enable them to deal with variety of problems which might arise at
workplace. These are such group of individual and managers whom bring together by
authority of reference association for taking corrective decision towards a particular and
common issue. This team is important for BBC in order to deal at variety of problems
which arise at workplace and not appropriate in nature as well (Hotho and Champion,
2011).
 Virtual team: BBC operating their work in different regions of world. Hence, for this
relation they prepare a virtual team whom are connected with each other through Emails,
FAX, video conferencing etc. Such team is important for business for managing various
task and operations and combine whole data at a single place as well so that appropriate
decision would be carried down properly (Kellison and Mondello, 2012).
(B) Use of various theories in relation to prepare an appropriate team for working
There are varieties of theories and concepts are determine for making an appropriate team
and enhance productivity and profitability of business. A combine working of every individual
and support promote effective and appropriate team. According to the values of BBC it is clearly
get determine that organisation is valuing each other and respect as well through promoting
diversity into their management. In BBC every one is working properly and support each other
towards a common goal and take a common decision as well.
7

Thus, corporation, support, respect towards each other, enhance diversity etc. all these are
major thing which make an effective and appropriate team. It is clearly indicated by BBC “We
are one and great things could only happen when whole association work together”.
There are various theories are identify whom have to take in account by BBC in order to
develop and creation of appropriate team. Mainly there are two hypothesis are determine whom
have to take in consideration by managers in order to frame an appropriate team and aware about
each individual of their roles and working: Tuckman's theory of team development: There are various theories and hypothesis are
identify which are related with team development concept. BBC have to take
consideration of such matter facts and create such groups whom are going to provide
appropriate results and outcome.
◦ Forming:This is the initial stage where everyone come to know each other and a
specialised team get built. This support in making a group where colleagues used to
know each other and their work get done in a positive context (Kitchin, 2017).
◦ Storming:On this second stage chances of conflicts and issues between each other are
more in nature and thus, many team get fail in such section. BBC prepare such team
where environment and their HR support in resolving problems between each other.
◦ Norming:On this stage, people get to know each other and start working as a team by
know their superior and subordinate. BBC is most successful organisation because
their employees are already establish themselves at such context (Adeniji, 2011).
◦ Performing:On this stage, individual start working and perform task in an appropriate
manner. This stage is helpful where each and every person combine their duties and
make a team where chances of issues are less. BBC teams are working properly and
this is a major reason behind ascertainment of targets and goals easily. Belbin theory of team role: In a team every individual is different from each other and it
is essential to various people in order to analyse their roles and manage working
according to that. Along with this, identification of strength and weakness also become
possible by inspecting about a role of a person in an appropriate manner. Thus, Belbin
identified 9 team role model and distinguish them into three phrases which are as follow:
◦ Action oriented:On the basis of this phase, a individual have to challenge for a
particular consent and prepare a plan. On the basis of that plan, it have to get
8

implement into an appropriate manner so that chances of appropriate action get
enhance. Thus, plan have to get implement into an appropriate manner by removing
all errors and omission from business.
◦ Thought oriented:ON this stage, a person identify the new idea and approach for
doing a task. From variety of options appropriate one have to get choose and have to
implement and done by the specialised person. This factor support in doing all thing
appropriately and properly so that every work and idea execute properly.
◦ People oriented: On this stage, various people are working properly where
coordinator play an effective role in making things properly. Team worker work
together to encourage things properly. Along with this, they have to explore all
outside opportunities properly so that maximum output could be entertain (Alfes and
et. al., 2013).
TASK 4
P4 (A) Applicability of appropriate theory for improving team performance and productivity
Team performance could get improved through using appropriate concepts and theory so
that better and effective outcome gain. BBC can using path goal theory concept which enable
them in improving their quality of work for generating more and more profit and services render
properly as well.
BBC utilise a path goal theory system in their business operations for specifying a leader
style of working or behaviour that fits perfectly at workplace. Hence, appropriate guideline could
provided to each and every person so that chances of maximising profit and productivity could
enhance properly. A major goal of Path goal theory is to motivate and encourage all employees
properly so that they become able to ascertain goals and targets properly for making them
productive in nature (Burnard and Bhamra, 2011).
BBC employees are more dedicated towards their working which emphasis that whole
project is getting done in an appropriate and suitable manner. HR professional providing better
and appropriate incentives to all employees which enable them to get motivated towards
working. Along with this, training session is also taking place effectively by increasing diversity
in working and better management system. Thus, this theory is appropriate for BBC in order to
make their services effective in nature and chances of conflicts and issues between each other get
reduce as well. This factor implementation get done by active participation of employees and
9

leaders into working. Thus, overall productivity and profitability get enhance with support of
staff members and active participation as well.
(B) Main barrier to effective performance
There are different number of barriers are identify which affect and made a vast impact
on business and its overall segment. Thus, managers have to analyse such restrictions and take
suitable steps to overcome from them properly. Enhancement of profitability is a major reason
and goal of every large and small concern. In BBC, following are certain number of barriers are
identify which hinder their growth and development:
 It is essential for every business to communicate each sort of information in an
appropriate manner otherwise it will harm business and their profitability as well. A
major barrier to effective performance in BBC is bad and poor communication between
employer and employees. HR professional have to take necessary steps to get overcome
from this barrier which harms an association in long term context (Coccia, 2014).
 Another major concern for BBC is to recruit and select such number of candidates whom
are more dedicated towards working. This section affect their operational plan and
growth oriented work which restrict business to grow and facilitate operations properly.
 Lack of guidance to each and every employee was a major issue at BBC as all employees
move ahead without getting right direction. This another fact create issue in operating
things properly by BBC on which HR professional take suitable step for removing that.
 Culture play an effective role in gaining positive outcome but BBC culture restrict
business to grow and modify properly and thus chances of attaining targets hard. Thus,
HR professional revamping whole culture because it is a only way of ascertaining targets
properly (Collings, Scullion and Vaiman, 2011).
CONCLUSION
On the basis of report, it get analysed that culture, power and politics influence every
second personality of an organisation. Thus, every individual behaviour impacted if culture of an
association is not appropriate in nature. Along with this, management have to choose such
culture which enable a business organisation to grab more and more opportunities for making
things effective. Along with this, business managers have to adopt appropriate step to attain all
goals and targets properly. Thus, suitable strategy have to adopted by business in order to make
their employees motivated towards working. Management have to choose appropriate theory in
10

order to create an effective team which facilitate for ascertaining goals and targets effectively
and appropriately.
REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Adeniji, A. A., 2011. Organizational climate as a predictor of employee job satisfaction:
Evidence from Covenant University. Business intelligence journal. 4(1). pp.151-166.
Alfes, K. and et. al., 2013. The link between perceived human resource management practices,
engagement and employee behaviour: a moderated mediation model. The international journal
of human resource management. 24(2). pp.330-351.
Burnard, K. and Bhamra, R., 2011. Organisational resilience: development of a conceptual
framework for organisational responses. International Journal of Production Research. 49(18).
pp.5581-5599.
Coccia, M., 2014. Structure and organisational behaviour of public research institutions under
unstable growth of human resources. International Journal of Services Technology and
Management. 20(4-6). pp.251-266.
Collings, D. G., Scullion, H. and Vaiman, V., 2011. European perspectives on talent
management. European Journal of International Management. 5(5). pp.453-462.
Del Mar Alonso-Almeida, M. and Rodríguez-Antón, J. M., 2011. Organisational behaviour and
strategies in the adoption of certified management systems: an analysis of the Spanish hotel
industry. Journal of Cleaner Production. 19(13). pp.1455-1463.
11

Farndale, E., Hope-Hailey, V. and Kelliher, C., 2011. High commitment performance
management: The roles of justice and trust. Personnel Review. 40(1). pp.5-23.
Fuchs, S. and Edwards, M. R., 2012. Predicting pro‐change behaviour: The role of perceived
organisational justice and organisational identification. Human Resource Management Journal.
22(1). pp.39-59.
Hotho, S. and Champion, K., 2011. Small businesses in the new creative industries: innovation
as a people management challenge. Management Decision. 49(1). pp.29-54.
Kazemipour, F. and Mohd Amin, S., 2012. The impact of workplace spirituality dimensions on
organisational citizenship behaviour among nurses with the mediating effect of affective
organisational commitment. Journal of nursing management. 20(8). pp.1039-1048.
Kellison, T. B. and Mondello, M. J., 2012. Organisational perception management in sport: The
use of corporate pro-environmental behaviour for desired facility referenda outcomes. Sport
Management Review. 15(4). pp.500-512.
Kitchin, D., 2017. An introduction to organisational behaviour for managers and engineers: A
group and multicultural approach. Routledge.
Online
Theories of Motivation. 2017. [Online]. Available through: <http://businessjargons.com/theories-
of-motivation.html>. [Accessed on 18th November 2017].
12