Organisational Behaviour: Influence of Culture, Politics, Power and Motivation on Individual and Team Performance

This report discusses the influence of culture, politics, power and motivation on individual and team behaviour and performance in organisational behaviour. It explores content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques for effective goal achievement. The report uses Tesco as a case study to illustrate the concepts discussed.

Organisational
behaviour

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1: Organisation culture, politics and power influence individual and team behaviour and
performance............................................................................................................................1
M1: How culture, politics and power of an organisation that can influence individual and team
behaviour and performance....................................................................................................4
D1: The relationship between culture, politics, power and motivation that enable team and
organisation success...............................................................................................................4
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5
P2: How content and process theories of motivation and motivational technique enable
effective achievement of goals...............................................................................................5
M2: How to influence the behaviour of other through the effective application of behavioural
motivational theories, concept and model..............................................................................6
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................7
P3: What makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team...................................7
M3: Evaluate team and group development theories to support the development of
cooperation within effective teams.........................................................................................8
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................9
P5: Apply concept and philosophies of organisational behaviour within an organisational
context and given business situation......................................................................................9
M4: Evaluate how concept and philosophies of OB that inform and influence behaviour
within business situation.........................................................................................................9
D2: Critically analyse and evaluate the relevance of team development and theories, concept
and philosophies that influence behaviour in the workplace to improve the business
performance and enhanced productivity..............................................................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Organisational behaviour is usually deriving as the process of assessment that is based on
human behaviour. It is also help to analyse people interact with each other within the context to
organisation. Therefore, elaborate the role and responsibilities where every person that they
carried by people for the accomplishment of goals. The organisational behaviour is usually
affected by term of discipline like psychology, perception, social approach, understanding people
experience (Miao, Eva, Newman, Nielsen, I.and Herbert, 2020). The report is usually based on
the Tesco that founded in 1919 with the headquarter in England, London. It offers that show the
product such as electronic, cloth, power, cloth, software, financial and so on. The report that is
include of politics, power and culture that is based on behaviour of individual and team work the
performance. The evaluation has been taken that is based on theories of motivation and it show
the technique towards team development. It is also including the process which is used to
enhance the effectiveness that show the team difference from ineffective team and group
development theories to make the proper support to build effective team. There are various
philosophies and concept of organisational behaviour within an organisation to make the proper
understand business situation that is also mentioned in the report to make the report more
comprehensive and justified (Mansouri, Singh, and Khan, 2018).
MAIN BODY
TASK 1
P1: Organisation culture, politics and power influence individual and team behaviour and
performance.
An enterprise has several ways of working that may act as precursor to create reliable
environment and culture as per employee. The organisation is refer as set of institution which
contain activities that carries maximum profit and revenue. It also includes planning, organising
and controlling the population as well as team which is according to the political and cultural
behaviour. The firm can focus on making team that may be effective to build aspect in order to
achieve the goals and objective of organisation as per schedule time. There are enormous of
factor that may influence perception of employee which can be managed by Tesco. They keep
track on the performance of employee within the Tesco and improve them by taking the proper
motivation that is required in appropriate manner. They usually influence culture, politics and
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power which is based on individual and team that is be discussed in appropriate ways (Yan,
Wen, Li, and Zhang, 2020).
Culture: It is generally referring as social form of belief that include attitude, values, religious
factor and fraction which firm follow to build effective environment within workplace. Every
organisation is usually based on various culture that show involvement in the working
environment. Activity of employee that can be affected by the culture. In addition, Tesco usually
show their path to maintain the culture that provide advantage to the individual as well team
functions. There are several type of culture and it influence the individual behaviour which is
well discussed below:
Handy’s culture
The theory is well written and elaborate by Charles Handy. He was very reputed
philosopher at that time. According to Handy, a firm usually follow four type of culture that is
mentioned:
Power: In this section, power is work as fundamental aspect where some of authorised people
play crucial role in managing the function of firm. The major decision is usually taken by those
people only and implemented soon which is followed by employee. Tesco follow such type of
culture because it provides outcome to take effective decision and contributing in organisation to
make approachable coordination with employee. In this, manager evaluate the condition and
delegate authorities make improvement in performance of employee (Waititu, and Barker, 2022).
Task culture: In this, firm develop team and group that consist of diversified people in order to
achieve goals and objective such assign task and project. The team member share power as per
skills and knowledge and take participation to achieve goals. The culture is usually focus on
outcome of running operation. It also influences the behaviour of employee in the positive way
as it also follows them to make performance in field of expertise.
Role culture: This culture is usually high and they consist of proper obligation, process and
procedure with the proper rule and agreement. The organisation that follow such type of culture
is usually focus on the hierarchy for the delegation of authorities and taking role for it. Such type
of culture usually boost self-confidence and moral of employee as they can accept challenge and
perform task with wisely manner (Velarde, Ghani, Adams, and Cheah, 2022).
Hofstede culture
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The theory creates understanding regard with culture among countries. The influence of
this culture on the term of behaviour of individual are as follow which is mentioned below:
Power distance index: It elaborate the degree of power and show the inequality which is
tolerated in the firm. It is also evaluated that high distance of power usually reflect the culture
accept the diversification such as power and inequality. Such culture usually shows importance
for the authorities and ranks holder which is related with enterprise index.
Individualism and collectivism: Such patter is majorly focus on the degree that is sharing
context between individual and social factor. It also seeks to show dependence among each
other. Individualism is usually explaining employee have focus on self-goals while taking
comparison with organisational goals. The collectivism is also referring as employee is focus on
group and team to achieve the gaols rather than concentrate on individual objective.
Uncertainty avoidance index: It is also referring as the ignorance of anxiety, ambiguity and
tolerance that show high level of uncertainty which is defined as less tolerance of risk taking and
uncertainties. The low index is usually referring as the tolerance that is well associated with the
ambiguity and uncertainty (Mahdzir, and Ghani, 2022).
Masculinity versus femininity: In this, it is usually concentrate on role and proper set of
authorities that divide the women and men. It is usually referring as the sexual equality and
behaviour which is based on social group and community. People thought of masculinity that
indicate wealth building and femininity indicate the nurturing and modest functions.
Indulgence versus restraint: The pattern which is well indicate that the social group and
community that include the people who is fulfilled their need or not. Indulgence that is usually
refer as people who lives people and enjoy their life and restraint refer to people that show
suppress that show need and enjoy less in life.
Politics
Politics refer as the activities which is well irrational and also they usually influence the
behaviour of people organisation. It is also show that firm consist of people who also follow
behaviour which is political in order to achieve goals and objective. Sometime, it usually shows
negative effect and reduce the productivity and creativity of employee. Tesco tries to maintain
the decorum and positive work environment that usually motivate the people at firm. In order to
minimise the negative factor of politics in organisation. In reference to Tesco, they follow
hierarchical legal structure that usually maintain and show coordination among employee and
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employer. Therefore, they also control irrelevant and unnecessary practice in the firm (Dalton,
Cooksey, and Hunter, 2019).
Power
Power is referring as characteristic that influence the people to work in particular way. Every
firm use such power to inspire people in same or other ways. In reference to Tesco, upper line
manager who possess some power that can help in showing the effective performance of
employee.
M1: How culture, politics and power of an organisation that can influence individual and team
behaviour and performance
Every organisation consists of culture, politics and power according to shape and size that show
environment. These factor that is showing the preparedness for employee to focus on firm that is
based on goals along with individual objective. To enhance the self-esteem a satisfaction level
within firm and also increase the team work to achieve the goals. As per this, such factor is used
to improve the performance of individual and team is usually creating aspect that is suitable for
behaviour and performance. Sometime, the few cultural, political and power policies such as
biased behaviour of manager that help to discourage the motivation of employee. In order to
maintain such influence of organisation they used to formulate various rules and regulation
which draw uniformity among the team and group. It helps to balance the condition and eradicate
the negative aspect from the firm that enhance satisfaction of individual and help in profit
formulation (Venketsamy, 2020).
D1: The relationship between culture, politics, power and motivation that enable team and
organisation success.
Every individual tend to get the proper right and authorities that shows skills and experience
which make things more efficient in working. There is an interdependence between culture,
politics, power and motivation which help to increase abilities of employee. The environment of
organisation affects the behaviour of employee in the positive and negative way. In order to
reduce the negative impact manager that implement the various motivational ways that influence
them to achieve the aim of organisation. Culture and power is usually comprising of work
environment that can be positively created to help to motivation.
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TASK 2
P2: How content and process theories of motivation and motivational technique enable effective
achievement of goals
Motivation is referring as universal process which help to guide, initiate and make
approach which is justified itself to work for predefined goals. Tesco generally use some of the
motivational factor for the enhancement of employee functions. As per this, motivation is usually
divided into the two type which include:
Intrinsic motivation: It is also analysed that task is performed for the satisfaction. In such things,
employee does not want any external motivational factor because it shows the motivation that
come from within to achieve the goals.
Extrinsic motivation: People try to achieve objective with help of external motivation. In this,
some example of extrinsic motivation is focus on rewards, salaries, incentive and bonuses
(Aigbavboa, Akinshipe, and Mutshaeni, 2020).
Theories of motivation
Content theory
Maslow’s law of hierarchy
The theory usually explains the five level of need which is first introduced by Abraham Maslow
in 1943, Tesco also focus on the five level of need of their employee which is well follow to
accomplished and understand the basic need of employee within firm.
Physiological needs: This need represent the important thing to live life such as air, food and so
on. Tesco provide timely salaries to employee to fulfil such needs on time.
Safety and security needs: It show the derivation of physical safety and job security. In this,
employee require proper safe environment to work in proper manner because it is necessary for
their mental health. In addition, Tesco provide proper job security to their employee by providing
them legal hiring letter and number of benefits such as health insurance that provide saturation to
them.
Love and social belonging: The human being is refer as social animals that require interaction
and communication to share idea and emotion. Therefore, Tesco enable positive environment
with formal and informal mode of communication that foster the interaction and reduce stress
and depression employee.
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Esteem needs: In this, people require respect and reputation in the society. In addition, Tesco
celebrate function and also provide reward to employee who is hard working that complete the
requirement of employee.
Self-actualization needs: It is also referring as the need that indicate people require resource to
live their life with adequate satisfaction and Tesco tries to satisfy the need by providing them
opportunities for the further development (Aigbavboa, Akinshipe, and Mutshaeni, 2020).
Process theory
Vroom expectancy theory
This theory is help to elaborate best choice from the alternative to enhance the workplace
motivation. It is also analysing that the performance which is well based on the experience of
abilities, personalities and appropriate knowledge which is required in order to established the
goals. The variable which is underpinned in the theory is mentioned below:
Expectancy: The firm that is usually focus on recent expectation and also enhance the self-
esteem and confidence of employee because all the employee usually possesses the various
expectation which is well related with goals and aims. In this, Tesco, provide various training,
and other plan that is supervise to their employee which motivate them to achieve personal as
well as organisational growth (Butt and et. al., 2021).
Instrumentality: It is defined as the mind-set of the employee that they can get awards or
appreciative incentive for their performance. In addition, Tesco always appreciate their employee
for their hardworking and provide benefits that they require. It helps to improve the performance
of employee in the wider way.
Valence: It is also referring as final outcome that every individual value as per according to
demand. In addition, the organisation should well examine the need of their employee so that
they can offer such rewards as per the need and wants.
M2: How to influence the behaviour of other through the effective application of behavioural
motivational theories, concept and model
The motivational theories are usually help firm to analyse their demand with the influence of
behaviour that is based on employee. Content theory provide the information which is related
with employee that individual have need that is distinguish by five level which is mentioned
above on Maslow need of theory that state the requirement of employee. In this, motivation also
play vital role that enable efficiency of employee which is directly enhance the profitability.
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Tesco always motivate their employee by providing them rewards, increments and promotion
(Chen, and Agrawal, 2018).
TASK 3
P3: What makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team
To achieve the target of firm, organisation develop the concept of team for commencement
if operation in the wider ways. As per this, different group of people are usually work together
for the common goals that is based on an organisation. Tesco also used to play role that promote
team work because they usually improve the coordination among the various department. In this,
the various difficult issue can be solved with the help of team. Therefore, the skilled employee in
team is usually help to formulate the effective decision and policies which help to formulate
higher revenue. In this, the variation is analysing that is based on effective team and ineffective
team (Lacerenza, Marlow, Tannenbaum, and Salas, 2018).
Basis Effective Ineffective
Concept and notion The effective team is usually
including some of the aspect
which is refer as dedication,
skilled and knowledgeable
person who usually work hard
with aim to complete the goal
of organisation. In addition,
effective team member is used
to perform in formal manner
and take proper authorities and
show the responsibilities in the
serious ways.
The ineffective team is
referring as unfocused towards
the works and task. They also
state that they are facing issue
to take decision which is
useful for the team. The team
have low equation in term of
communication and
interaction.
Contribution The effective team play role
while making contribution by
achieving the goals and
objective. It also useful for
individual to gain more
With reference to ineffective
team, team does not focus to
objective and timeframe that is
fixed for project or task that is
assigned. Tesco usually faces
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knowledge and make expertise
that work productive for Tesco
to achieve goals and become
well oriented.
the issue which is well
associated with the dominants
member as they do not involve
themselves in group decision
or actions. In order to reduce
the impact of this condition
Tesco reform new policies that
enhance productivity within
team.
Decision making As an effective team they take
proper decision as per analysis
of issue that promote good and
smooth operation in the firm.
In this, Tesco focus on
adequate decision making that
raise productivity and
profitability of organisation
(Lin, Liu, and Liao, 2020).
The ineffective team member
is showing lack of proper
decision that arise due to
implementing such informal
behaviour. They implement
decision which is require only
to make own growth and
development as per individual
needs.
M3: Evaluate team and group development theories to support the development of cooperation
within effective teams.
Tuckman stage of group development is well originated by Bruce Tuckman in 1965. Theory
usually include various phases which is mandatory for the development and growth of the firm.
In this, Tesco is also implement this theory which help to show the effective working of firm.
Therefore, theory can be discussed as:
Forming: This is referring as the first stage which is focus on the assemble and allocate the task
and employee need to carries out these task accordingly. Tesco manager usually implement
method that help to achieve the goal (Mayfield, and Valenti, 2022).
Storming: In this stage, the combination of different ideas collectively shows the evaluation to
perform the project and assign task. During this, employee of Tesco tries to develop relationship
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with each other. Many dominating factor which can be seen like leadership, power, politics and
structural issue.
Norming: This phase which may mainly include the proper settlement of conflict and show the
disturbance for achievement of goals. Tesco involve employee of workplace for the decision
making.
Performing: In this stage, team member become independent well motivated and show self-
esteem. It also provides sense of approach to make proper decision with assign responsibilities as
well they focus to achieve the goals of Tesco.
Adjourning: It is referring as final stage which involve the termination of project and member
are planning to leave the team. Therefore, Tesco focus on moving to next level that help to
maintain the positive situation (Siangchokyoo, and Klinger, 2022).
TASK 4
P5: Apply concept and philosophies of organisational behaviour within an organisational context
and given business situation
Path goals theory
The theory has motive to firm that it is role and responsibility of leader to manage the work and
provide support and information and other relevant resource that team or individual to achieve
the aim. The step involve in this are:
Employee characteristic: Leader of Tesco on the characteristic of their employee such as ability
experience skills and other is involved. It enhances level of satisfaction among employee in
reference to Tesco.
Task and environmental characteristic: This step is majorly focus on the obstacle that hinder
the operation in Tesco. In order to minimise the impact of obstacle manager take necessary
action such as creating the various pathways (Wang, Liu, Hsieh, and Zhang, 2022).
Leader behaviour style: Leader usually customise their style as according to the requirement of
environment. leader of Tesco change operation that improve performance of employees.
M4: Evaluate how concept and philosophies of OB that inform and influence behaviour within
business situation.
The mentioned concept and philosophies usually help to increase the skills and
performance of employee working in organisation. It also helps Tesco in achieving their
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predefined goals. Such philosophies help in developing the understanding towards the behaviour
of employee and help in creating the better coordination and communication. Therefore, they can
also influence the culture, policies and power of the organisation which play an essential role in
firm (Wang and et. al., 2021).
D2: Critically analyse and evaluate the relevance of team development and theories, concept and
philosophies that influence behaviour in the workplace to improve the business
performance and enhanced productivity
It plays vital role in order to impact behaviour as it enhance the productivity of employee.
As per this, the negative aspect and hindrance that minimise the profitability of firm. Theories
which is used in order to make the better aspect while initiating the coordination among
employee that improve their performance in the organisation. Theories usually develop aspect
that is helpful to build positive environment that help in better team building (Xie and et. al.,
2021).
CONCLUSION
As per the above discussion, it is analysed that organisational behaviour is the developing
understanding towards the employee perception, perspective while working in firm. It shows the
evaluation that create aspect for development of interaction with each other and working as
group to achieve the goal of organisation. Therefore, concept and philosophies is well analysed
that is helpful to develop team and place effective group for organisation to achieve the aim and
organisation which is above discussed.
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