Organisational Behaviour: Influence of Culture, Politics, Power, Motivation, and Effective Team

This report discusses the influence of power, politics, and culture on individual and team behaviour and performance in Tesco Plc. It also discusses the importance of content and process theories of motivation in achieving organisational goals and highlights the factors that make an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team.

Organisational
Behaviour

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1 Effect of culture, politics and power of organisation on individual and team behaviour and
performance.................................................................................................................................1
M1 Critically analyse how the culture, politics and power of an organisation can influence
individual and team behaviour and performance........................................................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................3
P2 Discussion of theories of motivation which implies effect on the achievement of
organisational goals.....................................................................................................................3
M2 Critically evaluate how to influence the behaviour of others through the effective
application of behavioural motivational theories, concepts and models.....................................6
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................6
P3 Highlight the factors which makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team......6
M3 Analyse relevant team and group development theories to support the development of
cooperation within effective teams.............................................................................................8
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................8
P4 Apply concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour within an organisational
context and given business situation...........................................................................................8
M4 Evaluate how concepts and philosophies of OB inform and influence behaviour within a
given business situation...............................................................................................................9
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
References:.....................................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Organisational behaviour is generally a concept which create the guidelines to the
organisation. In order to gain the knowledge and predicting the activities related to corporate, it
is necessary for management of organisation to learn OB. In simple words, it can be said that the
OB is the study of interaction of members in an organisation. Stability and progress of
organisation have been also analysed by several theories of organisational theories. Motivation is
an essential factor which influence the employees of organisation to work effectively which also
result in the improvement of overall performance of organisation (Tomassini and Baggio, 2021).
The chosen organisation for this report is Tesco Plc which is a British multinational grocery
retailer having headquarter in Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire, England, United Kingdom.
This report include the influence of power, culture & politics of organisation on individual and
team behaviour, importance of content and process theories of motivation in goals achievements
along with the difference between effective and ineffective team. In addition to this, it also deals
with the concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour.
TASK 1
P1 Effect of culture, politics and power of organisation on individual and team behaviour and
performance.
An organisation highly affected by the behaviour of a group of people or individual at
work place. A difference have been analysed in the behaviour of each and every individual.
Employees of an organisation plays an important role as it help the organisation in reaching at
the desired position and attain the goals and objectives. Human behaviour in an organisation
have been influenced through several factors which include culture, power and politics.
Organisational Culture
It is the concept of combination of values, experience, beliefs and psychology of business
firm. Positive organisational culture influence the people to work in an effective manner in order
to achieve the goals and objectives. Tesco is majorly focusing on satisfying the customers by
following customer driven culture. The management of organisation hire right person for right
place and provide right training to them (Rathnaweera and et.al., 2020). Effective
communication among the management and employees create the positive organisational culture.
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Management of a business organisation use Hofstede's model in understanding the culture of an
organisation by analysing all attributes.
The behaviour of employees of Tesco towards each other is positive and effective.
Behaviour of individual at work place helps in developing the healthy working culture. In order
to gaining competitive advantage, it is necessary for organisation to arise an internal competition.
It implies affect the individual behaviour along with the team behaviour (KUMAR, RAM and
PAL, 2021). If positive organisational culture have been provided to the employees to work, it
develop the interest of employees towards the organisation and the interest of individual prevail
over by the interest of organisation. It has been analysed that the organisational culture of Tesco
Plc is found as effective as it develop the behaviour of individual and team positive and influence
the individuals towards their work performance. Effectiveness in the team work of Tesco
develop the culture of customer driven which result in the productivity and profitability of
organisation.
Politics
The behaviour of individual and team also get affected by the politics. It define the
irrational behaviour of employees in a firm in order to attaining the benefits which are found as
beyond the control of management. Tesco is a multinational company performing business
operations with several of employees. In order to smooth functioning of organisation, the
responsibilities of employees goes down in the line. Some of employees working on different
levels present their interest in spoiling or harming the image of few people in front of others.
The working atmosphere of organisation may effected by the dirty politics which also
affect the relationship among other employees negatively. A heartless attitude raise among the
employees towards each other. As a result, individuals behave in a rude manner with the other
employees working in the same organisation and develop the feeling of frustration and anger. On
the other hand, its affect can also be seen on the process of communication as the information
will not reach directly to all the employees (Mackie and Bates, 2019). All these factors state the
effect of politics on the behaviour of individual or a team in the organisation.
Power
Power is also consider as an element which affect the behaviour of individual along with
the team and its affect can also be seen on the working performance of entire organisation.
Higher the power is in the hand of employees influence them to improve their work performance
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(Noh, Jang and Choi, , 2019). The senior managers of Tesco Plc are responsible for handling and
maintaining the working environment of organisation in order to develop the feeling of
motivation in their employees. The behaviour of senior manager effect the behaviour of their
subordinates or juniors. In simple words, it can be said that the person with high power can bring
the changes in the behaviour of individuals and team.
M1 Critically analyse how the culture, politics and power of an organisation can influence
individual and team behaviour and performance.
Power, politics and culture, all these factors have positive and negative affect on the
organisational behaviour and performance. Effective and correct use of power result in bringing
effectiveness in the operations. Politics at work place focus on the interest along with the
authority of individuals. It create the conflict responses as per different views of people. The
manager and employees in Tesco are working in an appropriate manner which leads top the
success of organisation.
TASK 2
P2 Discussion of theories of motivation which implies effect on the achievement of
organisational goals.
Motivation refers to the procedure which helps the business organisation in developing
the goal oriented behaviour which also result in improving the working performance of
employees and attain the organisational goals and objectives in an effective and efficient manner.
Several motivational theories have been developed in order to knowing about the processes of
motivating people at work place. Theories of motivation have been divided in teo categories
which are given below:
Content Theories
It refers to those theories which have been developed to provide direction to the
behaviour of human through focusing on the internal factors. Mainly, these theories focus on
motivating the people by fulfilling their needs (Roy, , 2017). Hence, content theory is also
known as the need theory. The managers of organisation find the answer to the question “What
motivate the employee”. Maslow's need Hierarchical Theory, Herzberg's Two Factor Theory,
porter and Lawler Theory, ERG Theory, McClelland Theory of need are some important content
theories of motivation. Below mentioned is the brief description of some content theories:
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 Maslow's Need Hierarchy Theory: In 1992, this theory was invented by Smith and
Cronje on the basis of real life facts which majorly shows the priority as per the
importance of needs of people. This theory state all the needs in the form of a pyramid. It
state that human being can only be motivated by satisfying their needs. Below mentioned
are the level of satisfaction of human being as per the Maslow's need hierarchy theory:
◦ Physiological needs: It refers to the basic needs of human which is important for
survival of life. Majorly, it include food, cloth, shelter.
◦ Safety Needs: After fulfilling the basic needs, human being start feeling unsecured in
the society (Bester, 2019). In order to satisfying this need, human work for securing
job, health and finance. Tesco is providing health insurance and home loan services
to their employees for motivating them towards the organisation.
◦ Social Needs: At this level of motivation, human being develop relation with their
loved once and friends in order to avoid the feeling of loneliness. Several of groups
have been developed by the management of Tesco for creating the relations among
employees. These groups include club parties, sports team and many more.
◦ Self Esteem Needs: At this level, human beings work for developing self
confid3ence and ego. Managers of Tesco fully support their employees in order to
maintain their positive respect in the organisation.
◦ Self Actualization Needs: It refers to the level of need under which the human being
work only for attaining the self fulfilment and full realization for the purpose of
performing any task in the organisation (Lagan, 2021). Herzberg's Theory: Another name of this theory is two factor theory as it include two
factors which state the ways of motivating to the managers of organisation as it also
leads to the improvement of overall performance of organisation. Below mentioned are
the two factors of Herzberg's theory:
◦ Hygiene factors: It is defined as the factors which do not provide any long term
satisfaction to employees but the presence of these factor is essential. The presence
of these factors do not motivate the employees but absence highly demotivate them.
It include salary of employees, working environment, health care policies and many
more.
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◦ Motivating Factors: It include all those factors which are available at work place and
motivate the employees to do the work in an effective and efficient manner. Growth,
promotion and respect are the important motivating factors of Herzberg's theory.
Process Theories
It refers to the psychological and behavioural processes which motivate the employees to
act in a specified manner in order to achieve the organisational goals and objectives are defined
as the process theories of motivation. Some major process theories of motivation include
Vroom's expectancy theory, Locke's Setting and Adam's Equity Theory. Below mentioned is the
brief description of process theories: Skinner's Reinforcement theory: BF Skinner presented this theory in 1930s which
explains that the performance of employees is depend on the behaviour of mangers
towards their employees (Sweiss and Yamin, 2020). Major focus on the internal values
of employees have been done. At work place, it is necessary for the managers to respect,
treat positively and take care of the internal feelings of employees in order to motivating
them towards the organisation an improve their performance. Managers of organisation
should tell all the mistakes to their employees in a very polite manner. Vroom's Expectancy Theory: Victor Vroom defined some factors in Vroom's
Expectancy Theory which works as the basis of performance of employees. These
factors include skills, personality, knowledge and abilities. Improvement in the skills and
abilities of employees can be bring by creating positive and healthy working
environment. As per this theory, below mentioned are the several factors which motivate
the employees:
◦ Valence: Motivation of employees can only be done when managers identify the
needs of employees and find the solution to fulfil them. In order to motivating them,
managers use rewards system, promotions and many more.
◦ Expectancy: The use of this factor, managers provide proper training and resources
to their employees after communicating the expectations of organisations from their
employees (Narzary and Palo, 2020).
◦ Instrumentality: For the purpose of generating the feeling of motivation in
employees, managers decide the targets for their employees and promise them to
provide proper rewards to them.
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M2 Critically evaluate how to influence the behaviour of others through the effective application
of behavioural motivational theories, concepts and models.
Motivation is found as an important factor which plays an important role in improving
the working performance of employees and result in the achievement of organisational goals and
objectives in an effective and efficient manner. Motivational theories have been classified in two
types i.e. content theory and process theory of motivation. Maslow need theory has been applied
at the work place of Tesco under which the needs of individual have been satisfied and motivate
them towards their goals and objectives. Skinner's reinforcement theory help the management of
Tesco Plc to reduce the employee turnover along with improving the productivity of organisation
through positive reinforcement at work place. This model is playing an important role in
modifying the behaviour of employees at work place.
TASK 3
P3 Highlight the factors which makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team.
Efforts of an effective team leads to the success of organisation by achieving the
organisational goals and objectives. Effective teams result in bringing the improvement in the
performance of working which also help the organisation in gaining the competitive advantage
by increasing the productivity and profitability (Tsai, 2018). Tesco has categorised several
teams and groups at their work place which is helping the organisation in the proper utilization of
available resources. It highly contribute in the success of organisation and leads to the
improvement in the skills and experience of employees.
There are several features of effective team which include effective communication, clear
vision and mission, contribution in achieving goals and objectives and many more. It also
develop the feeling of informal and comfortable in the members of a team which may increase
their participation in the organisation.
Tuckman Model of Team Development
Team development is found as essential for Tesco Plc as it leads to complete the business
operations in an effective and efficient manner. A psychologist Bruce Tuckman presented a
theory of team development known as Tuckman Model of Team Development under which he
state that the team development is a four step process which include forming, storming,
performing and adjourning. Below mentioned is the brief discussion of these stages:
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 Forming: It is the initial stage of team development process under which the
structures of team have been put together. Feeling of ambiguous have been
developed in the team members and the conflicts have been avoided because the
need to be accepted into the group.
 Storming: At this level, all the members of team are busy in gaining the trust of each
other. Teams focus on the achievement of goals and the entire goal is divided in
various small parts. In order to remove the conflicts related to management, it is
necessary for the team members to develop the task oriented skills.
 Norming: This step focus on the goals and objectives of teams which leads to the
improvement in the productivity of individual along with the entire team by
performing collective team (Rezaei, Allameh and Ansari, 2018). Evaluation of team
processes and productivity have been done at this level of team development process.
 Performing: At this level, a particular process have been develop in order to achieve
the goals and objectives of organisation. Team members focus on the development of
their skills and abilities to complete the assigned task with effectiveness and
efficiency. Team members also focus on the development of entire team.
Difference between effective and ineffective team
Basis Effective Team Ineffective Team
Atmosphere Effective team result in
developing an informal
atmosphere in the business
firm.
Atmosphere full of stress and
tension have been developed
by the ineffective teams at
work place.
Clarity All the tasks and processes
have been explained clearly to
all the team members of
effective team.
Tasks, objectives and actions,
nothing has been explained
clearly to the team members.
Decisions Consensus are the important
basis while making decisions
in an effective team.
On the basis of majority,
decisions are taken in
ineffective teams.
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Expression of ideas Ideas has been transferred in
open and free manner among
the team members.
The ideas and feelings are
taken hidden because of the
fear of being criticized.
Discussion It ensure the participation of
all team members in the team.
There is lack of discussion in
this team because all the
important decisions are taken
by one or two individuals
(Elsmore, 2017).
M3 Analyse relevant team and group development theories to support the development of
cooperation within effective teams.
Theory of Tuckman has been followed by the management and managers of Tesco Plc. In
order to developing the teams at work place. Management of Tesco has developed several teams
on different basis. Some of them are effective and some are ineffective teams. This form at work
place result in the increase in abilities and skills of employees which are really useful for the
organisation in achieving the organisational goals and objectives.
TASK 4
P4 Apply concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour within an organisational context
and given business situation.
Nature of people and organisation are the basic key elements of the concepts and
philosophies of organisational behaviour. Nature of people is defined as the basic features or
characteristics of people or individual having a relationship with the organisation which can be
same or different from other person. There are several factors, which affect the nature of people
such as individual difference, motivated behaviour, perception and whole behaviour. Individual
difference state the process of approaching individually by one-on-one. Managers of Tesco Plc
do one-on-one discussion with their employees in every quarter in order to know about their
point of view. Another factor of organisational behaviour is perception which is consider as the
capability of observing and concluding things (Du Plessis and Blom, T., 2020). Behaviour of
individual and teams in the organisation get influenced positively or negatively through
motivation which is the another factor of organisational behaviour. Strategies developed by the
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HR of Tesco highly motivate the employees positively. One of the strategy developed by HR is
reward strategy which have been offered by the management. Sometimes, few employees do not
satisfy with the strategies and policies of the organisation which result in the development of
negative behaviour of employees at work place. Whole person is defined as the involvement of
emotional situations of individuals of organisations which are non separable from physical
condition.
Nature of organisation is the another component of concepts and philosophies of
organisational behaviour. There are several factors which effect the nature of organisations such
as mutual interest, ethics and social system. Social system is defined as the connectivity of
organisation with society which include customers, suppliers and other stakeholders. This
connectivity is either in the form of formal or informal. These social factors works as the mirror
reflection of the values and beliefs of organisation. Ethics is consider as the moral principle of
business firm. Tesco is adding the values and integrity in order to meeting the moral standards
and ethics as well. In order to developing the notable ethical behaviour in the organisation, Tesco
organisation has recently added the ethics training rewards. Mutual interest is an essential
element of prevailing of behaviour prevailing in the organisation. It also leads to the effective
mutual understanding of employees working in the organisation.
M4 Evaluate how concepts and philosophies of OB inform and influence behaviour within a
given business situation.
Path goal theory has vital role in the organisation as it help the leaders of organisation in
inspiring their workers through praising them. Directions have been provided to the managers
which leads to attaining the goals advising the managers to follow correct path. The managers of
Tesco focus on different forms of behaviour (Srivastava, 2017). The empowerment and
motivation of employees can be enhanced by the use of this theory.
CONCLUSION
From the above report, it has been concluded that the organisational behaviour as well as
motivation, both has a vital role in the organisation. At the work place of Tesco, positive
working culture have been developed which result in the positive behaviour of individual and
teams working in the organisation. Power and politics are the other factors which affect the
working performance in both positiver as well as negative way. Process and content theories of
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motivation state the ways of motivating employees at work place so that the organisational goals
and objectives can be achieved in an effective and efficient manner. It is necessary for business
organisation to develop effective teams at work place in order to divide the entire objectives in
many parts and achieved in a proper manner. Difference between effective teams and ineffective
teams have been also analysed. In addition to this, it has been also analysed that concepts and
philosophies of organisational behaviour are important to apply in the organisation.
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References:
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