Organisational Behaviour: Culture, Power, and Politics

This document explores the influence of organisational culture, power, and politics on individual and team behaviour and performance. It discusses various motivational theories and techniques used in organisations. It also explains the characteristics of effective teams and the stages of group development. Additionally, it covers the concepts and philosophies related to organisational behaviour.

Organisational behaviour

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1. Culture, power as well as politics of organisation that influences individual, team
behaviour and performance..........................................................................................................1
M1. Critical analysis of the ways organisational culture, power and politics influences
individual, team behaviour along with performance...................................................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
P2. Motivational theories and techniques....................................................................................4
M2. Critical evaluation about how organisation influences behaviours of people through
motivational theories....................................................................................................................5
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................6
P3. Effective team in opposition to ineffective team...................................................................6
M3. Analysis of relevant team as well as group development theory that supports developing
dynamics cooperation..................................................................................................................7
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................7
P4. Concepts and philosophies related to organisational behaviour............................................7
M4. Exploring and evaluating concepts and philosophies of OB................................................8
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Organisational behaviour is characterised to studying behaviour of people in
organisational settings, ways human behaviour interacts with entity and entity itself. It helps in
revitalizing organisational theories as well as developing better concepts of business life. To gain
knowledge about the concept, The George Hotel is selected which is situated at Edinburgh, UK.
The hotel has around 240 spacious rooms with modern bathroom, tastefully furnished blending
traditional features having up to date touches so that customer experiences relaxing as well as
comfortable stay (The George Hotel. 2019). The hotel provides various facilities including free
WiFi, food service, parking and many more.
The submission covers organisation's culture, power, as well as power influences
individual, team behaviour along with performance. It also includes relevant motivational
theories together with motivational techniques. It also explains the aspects that makes an
effective team opposed to ineffective team. Further, it applies concepts along with philosophies
concerned with organisational behaviour in context to organisation.
TASK 1
P1. Culture, power as well as politics of organisation that influences individual, team behaviour
and performance.
Organisational behaviour is said to analysing the demeanor in which people and group
interacts with premises of the company (Ates and Bititci, 2011). The HR professionals of The
George Hotel frames and creates favourable working environment for the manpower in order to
influence and motivate them for performing tasks with full desirability. In context to this, it is
analysed that organisational politics, power as well as culture highly influences personnel
performance and attitude within the hotel. The influences are analysed in relation to The George
Hotel are as follows:
Organisational culture
Culture is defined to knowledge along with characteristics which includes religion, social
habits, language, assumptions, norms and values practices within firm. Within The George
Hotel, Human resource department has formulated healthy working culture in which staff
members are motivated to work efficaciously and efficiently. Through this, the enterprise
accomplishes goals within primed duration. According to Hofstede model of culture, there are
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various kinds of organisational culture that has significant influences on teams addition to
people. The cultures are as follows:
Means oriented Vs objective oriented: The culture depicts the extent to which
objectives along with means of executing activities are prioritised (Bakotić, 2016). In context to
The George Hotel, managers emphasis towards achieves objectives that have huge chances to
affect performance and attitudes of employees and contributing discretionary efforts.
Internal driven vs External driven: it is concerned with creating such culture that either
focuses on satisfying customers requirements or exhibiting stronger values to the employees. In
this regard, selected hotel managers executes policies that creates valuables to the employees
which influences their performance to satisfy customers needs.
Easygoing vs strict: In strict culture, high level of control as well as discipline are made
where as in easy going culture, it tends towards improvisations. In regards to The George hotel,
culture of easy going is made so that more improved activities are performed by the manpower.
Local vs professional: This culture is associated with the extent in which individuals
identify and conform environmental norms with their colleagues or associate themselves with
huge people and works according to their roles. At the George Hotel, a culture of
professionalism is favoured more by the administrators that influences the team behaviour and
performance positively as they works in professional manner.
Open system vs closed system: A culture of accepting newcomers and sharing ideas or
restricting differences. At George Hotel, culture of open system is created by the superiors so
that the hotel staff members discusses the issues and shares new ways to work in innovate
manner resulting in positive influences within performance and behaviours of teams and people.
Employee oriented and work oriented: The culture states the extent to which
manpower well being are prioritise or more emphasis is given on workings (Elstad,
Christophersen and Turmo, 2012). The management team of the hotel devises culture that is
employee oriented as it emphasis on work satisfaction that employee achieves after performing
various tasks that leads in influencing their behaviour and performance in positive aspects.
As per the analysis, it has been noticed that executive authorities of The George Hotel
uses employee oriented culture so to improve work satisfaction among individuals and teams as
it will boost their behaviour to perform activities to attain set objectives.
Organisational politics:
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Politics is defined to variety of tasks that are associated with utilising influencing
techniques for improving interest of people at enterprise (Burrell and Morgan, 2019).
Organisational politics influences performance and behaviour of people and teams positively and
negatively. In context to the George Hotel, top administrative team facilitates positive politics
through making motivational work environment in which manpower have access towards
flexible hours of working, leaves and decision making powers. In contrary, negative politics at
respective entity is analysed through the activities of discrimination, inequality and biasness that
hampers motivational level together with performance of individuals d teams.
Organisational power
Power is defined as ability of people and groups at organisations for making their own
interests counts addition to concerns in various situations. At The George Hotel, the powers are
within the top management team for taking decisions for the whole entity. Some of the powers
that are used at the entity are as follows:
Coercive power: This power illustrates that top management have powers to devise
practices, policies and strategies which are mandatory for manpower to adhere to. It includes
using threats and penalties for making individuals works in prompt ways.
Reward Power: With this power, organisational managers motivates individuals by
using rewards as well as recognitions including mementos, training opportunities, incentives and
bonus (Elstad, Christophersen and Turmo, 2012).
The management of The George Hotel uses reward power to influence workings of the
individuals and teams so that they can make huge contributions in realising objectives.
M1. Critical analysis of the ways organisational culture, power and politics influences individual,
team behaviour along with performance.
An organisational productivity gets declined when the three aspects such as culture power
addition to politics are not available at workplace. When favourable culture is provided to
individuals wherein they are clarified with their roles and responsibility, authority, valued traits
and skills are valued then behaviour of individuals as well as team members are influenced
positively to deliver effective performance. In contrary, When employees do not get favourable
work culture their behaviour and performance shows negative results. In context to George
Hotels, employee oriented culture is followed wherein more emphasis is given to work
satisfaction of people that influences their behaviour and performance to huge extent in positive
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manner. Various power systems shows that how managers uses their powers to influence
activities of manpower and teams for making contributions to gain goals positively. By using
reward power, selected hotel by providing rewards to employee attains benefits of influencing
behaviour of people and team so to perform activities with huge effectiveness. At same time,
reward power creates conflicts among members due to which their behaviour for performance
are influenced negatively. In regards to politics, positive politics results in making motivational
environment that influences working and performance of people and teams. But negative politics
creates situations of discrimination and biasses that hampers performances and behaviours.
TASK 2
P2. Motivational theories and techniques.
Motivation is defined as assemblage of forces that instils passion addition to desire
among people to stay loyal and committed to the job role they are assigned for achieving
individual with business goals. For this, managers of The George Hotel uses few motivation
theories with techniques which enables them effectively achieving organisational goals.
Content theory:
This theory states the why needs of humans changes as time passes. In this regard, The
George Hotel managers uses and applies Herzberg’s Two factor theory that is as explained
below:
Herzberg's two factor theory: The theory states that in present era there are few job
factors that leads in satisfaction and prevent dissatisfaction (Fagbohungbe., Akinbode and
Ayodeji, 2012). They are motivators and hygiene factors. In motivator factor, presence of the job
factors shows positive satisfaction. They are recognition, responsibility, growth opportunities,
meaningfulness of work and sense of achievement. In contrary, hygiene factors are the job
factors whose existence is essential to motivate people. It includes salary structure, physical
working condition, interpersonal relation and fringe benefits. Administrative authorities of The
George Hotel provides the variables involved in both the factors to the employees at the time
they are working which boost their enthusiasm to work with efficiency so to achieve the
objectives of the entity.
Process theory
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The theory accent towards addressing the aspects through which motivation occurs as
well as procedures connected with motivating people at enterprise. For this regard, Adam;s
motivational theory is used and its aspects are applied by the managers of Th George hotel. The
theory is as follows:
Adam’s Equity Theory: It posits the attributes that people maintains fair relationship
among rewards as well as performance as compared with others. As per the theory, when an
individual achieves less outputs as compared to their inputs then they gets demotivated and vice
versa (George, Jones and Sharbrough, 2006). In context to The George Hotel, superiors properly
analyses that initiatives that an individual takes in form of commitment, working hours and
loyalty effectively met the outputs of rewards, recognition and performance appraisals. With all
this, organisational managers properly analyses the motivation and demotivation among
employees and emphasis more on treating equally that helps in achieving overall objectives.
M2. Critical evaluation about how organisation influences behaviours of people through
motivational theories.
Motivation is an element whose presence is essential to accelerate efforts, behaviours and
performance of others so to attain goals in set duration. By applying motivational techniques and
theories, organisation like George Hotels boost working spirit of employees for achieving
planned objectives. Application of content theory benefits in influencing others behaviour by
analysing the reasons for changes among humans and providing them the required factors such
as motivational or hygiene so that their behaviours are influenced positively. At same time, this
theory creates complex situations for superiors due to which other behaviours are influenced
negatively. By applying framework of process theory, managers addresses that variables that
motivates the most and provide the same to others that results in influencing positive behaviours
of others. In contrary, this theory limits workings of managers sue to which they lacks in
influencing other behaviours.
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TASK 3
P3. Effective team in opposition to ineffective team
Organisation is aggregation of individuals and teams wherein people analyses situations
and makes prompt efforts for attaining objective timely. In regards to The George Hotel,
superiors build teams so that all the practices are performed effectively to deliver experiences to
customers. To understand effective team, distinguish among effective and ineffective teams are
as follows:
Effective team Ineffective team
Effective team is characterised as the team that
have clear working purpose, conducts open
discussions, pursue common goals and uses
situational leadership (Glendon, Clarke and
McKenna, 2016).
Ineffective team is characterised as conflict
ridden, reeks negative competition, poor
communication, no clear working purpose and
huge frustration level.
The individuals in effective team always
comes with new innovative thoughts or ideas
for attaining goals.
People involves in ineffective team only wants
to work with exiting ideas and restricts new
systems for attaining goals.
In order to develop the teams and groups, human resource professionals of The George
Hotel uses Tuckman Theory in which they follows the following stages:
Forming: Herein, team members meets as well as learns about their responsibilities,
challenges and opportunities so that they initiate their working to tackle tasks. The team leaders
of the George Hotel assembles employees and allocate them workings.
Storming: At this stage, manpower sees them as part of the group or team (Maitland,
Hills and Rhind, 2015). At selected hotel, team members challenges each other workings and the
team leader analyses the what are they performing and how activities must be done.
Norming: Herein, team members of the hotel begins their all the workings in
coordination, development procedures and makes various rules after clarifying roles and
responsibilities of each member.
Performing: At this phase, all the team members have single focus on achieving tasks
and for this they make effective team relationships as well as combines their potentiality to
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provide synergies. In effective team all the performances are delivered by the members who are
working effectively together.
Adjourning: Once the project or activity is completed, the team members gets separate.
At this stage, team leaders of The George Hotel gives appreciations for the workings to all the
members of team and group for their effective efforts.
M3. Analysis of relevant team as well as group development theory that supports developing
dynamics cooperation.
Tuckman theory is one of relevant theory which supports activities to develop
cooperation between effective groups as well as teams. Tuckman theory helps George Hotel in
recognising aspects about teams and groups in which they are not fully formed as well as begin
functioning. With this theory, an organisation follows stages of forming teams in which they
collects all the members at one place, storming stage in which group members challenges each
other, norming stage where members comes together to establish grounds, setting ways to
perform activities and develop procedures, perform stage in which all the activities are
implemented in collaboration with other. With this all the teams are developed in cohesive
manner.
TASK 4
P4. Concepts and philosophies related to organisational behaviour.
Organisational behaviour is a multidisciplinary field which seeks behaviours within
business settings on the objective of studying aspects of individual and organisation. At all the
firms, motivation is a factor that holds importance for encouraging people to execute activities in
effective ways. The management authorities of George Hotel uses some theories along with
concepts in context to pertaining situations.
In George Hotel, a 3 day conference event is being organised and for this managers have
make teams such as administration team, planning team, marketing team, volunteers and
sponsorship teams. With this, all the staff members are allocated distinct tasks so that they can
coordinate their activities in order to get success for 3 day conference event. For this regards,
managers of the hotel applies Path goal theory that are as discussed:
Path Goal Theory
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The theory mainly specify style of leaders that fist best in the pertaining work
environment (Wagner and et. al., 2012). In context to The George Hotel, the entity wants to
increase communication and motivation level of workforce so to gain huge productivity. The
categorization included in the theory are:
Employee Characteristics: At George Hotels, individuals interprets behaviour of leaders
according to their own needs. For instance, when leaders of the hotel provide flexible structure
for employee working, them employees are more motivated. Leaders of the George hotel
understands the needs of manpower and accordingly provide them resources and information so
that they can execute the activities in proper manner that builds them to fullest.
Environmental as well as task characteristics: Herein, major obstacles are focused in
order to stop them and steeping to provide various path to the employees for workings. At
George Hotel, the characteristics of tasks and environment are formal authority system, work
group and task designs. With these, a proper schedule is planned by the leaders that includes all
the workings that who has to perform what and how that helps team members to get proper
assistance at all the time they need direction that build the team members knowledge and
potentiality to deal with any hurdles.
Leader style: The leaders at this path, selects their styles so to direct people to deal with
the situations. Some of the styles are participative style, directive style, achieve oriented style
and supportive style. Among all, the leaders of George Hotel uses participative style wherein the
leaders consults ideas and problems with the subordinates and expects performance at high level
as well as shows confidence in potentiality for meeting all the expectations. In context to 3 day
conference event, participative leadership style will help in encouraging participation of all
people in organising the event and sharing the issues with the leader so that team members can
get best solutions for he issues that helps in effectively performing all the activities and
achieving success.
M4. Exploring and evaluating concepts and philosophies of OB.
To influence the behaviour of employee, suitable organisational behaviour philosophy is
Path Goal Theory through which leaders provide appropriate path to manpower for attaining
goals through which positivity within people are evolved towards workings. With this
philosophy, managers of George Hotel are benefited in ensuring that desirable awards are
provided and roadblocks are removed so to provide effective route to attain objectives that
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influences behaviours in positive ways. When perception of manpower are identified then
leaders follows effective style that result in influencing behaviours at work and effectively
organising events. At same time, there are some situations in which leaders acts in flaw manner
as per delusion that shows negative influences in behaviour of employee.
CONCLUSION
As per the above discussion it has been concluded that organisational behaviour is an
effective field that assist professionals in human resource department in devising as well as
implementing effective practices which strives a positive balance among personnel behaviour
along with objectives of organisation. It investigates impacts which groups it is one of the basis
concerned with human resource management addition to development. A good entity provides
favourable work culture, positive politics and motivating powers that influences behaviour and
performance at workplace. Motivational theories including Herzberg's two factor theory and
Adam's equity theory helps in stimulating employees to accomplish business objectives. Path
Goal Theory helps in analysing situations and choosing effective leadership style in order to
make decisions along with achieving objectives.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals:
Ates, A. and Bititci, U., 2011. Change process: a key enabler for building resilient SMEs.
International Journal of Production Research. 49(18). pp.5601-5618.
Bakotić, D., 2016. Relationship between job satisfaction and organisational performance.
Economic research-Ekonomska istraživanja,. 29(1). pp.118-130.
Boje, D.M., Burnes, B. and Hassard, J. eds., 2011. The Routledge companion to organizational
change. Routledge.
Burrell, G. and Morgan, G., 2019. Sociological paradigms and organisational analysis:
Elements of the sociology of corporate life. Routledge.
Elstad, E., Christophersen, K. A. and Turmo, A., 2012. The strength of accountability and
teachers’ organisational citizenship behaviour. Journal of Educational Administration.
50(5). pp.612-628.
Fagbohungbe, B. O., Akinbode, G. A. and Ayodeji, F., 2012. Organizational determinants of
workplace deviant behaviours: An empirical analysis in Nigeria. International Journal
of Business and Management. 7(5). p.207.
George J. M., Jones G. R. and Sharbrough W.C., 2006. Understanding and managing
Organisational Behaviour. Delta Publishing Company, Los Alamitos, CA, USA.
Glendon, A. I., Clarke, S. and McKenna, E., 2016. Human safety and risk management. Crc
Press.
Maitland, A., Hills, L .A. and Rhind, D. J., 2015. Organisational culture in sport–A systematic
review. Sport Management Review,. 18(4). pp.501-516.
Wagner and et. al., 2012. Lost sleep and cyberloafing: Evidence from the laboratory and a
daylight saving time quasi-experiment. Journal of Applied Psychology. 97(5), p.1068.
Online:
The George Hotel. 2019. [Online]. Available through:
<https://www.greenekinginns.co.uk/hotels/george-hotel/>
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