Organisational Behaviour and Leadership

This assignment delves into the realm of organisational behaviour, examining key theories such as Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, Expectancy Theory, and Path-Goal Theory. It also explores the importance of teamwork, leadership, and corporate branding in achieving organisational success. The assignment provides a comprehensive overview of these concepts, making it an essential resource for students seeking to understand organisational behaviour and leadership principles.

ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
a) Influence of BBC's culture on individual and team performance and behavior.....................1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................3
a) Individual and team capacity through concept and process theory.........................................3
b) Achievements of BBC goals through motivated employees..................................................5
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................5
a) Types of teams and importance..............................................................................................5
b) Explaining effective team in the BBC in relation to Tuckman and Jensen’s model of team
development................................................................................................................................6
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................8
a) Using path-goal theory in improving performance and productivity within BBC.................8
b) Main barriers to effective performance within BBC..............................................................9
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Organizational behaviour is people interact to each others in the group. It is a
physiological approach which is applicable on company’s employees. In organization, this
behaviour research may be divided in three ways like micro, work group and macro level
(Arnold, Fletcher and Daniels, 2017). BBC is British public service broadcaster. Its headquarters
is located at Broadcasting House in Westminster, London. It is the world's oldest broadcasting
organization.
Report will explain the impact of company’s culture, power on individual performance
and behaviour, person capacity through Maslow theory, and methods of motivation. It describes
various team importance into organization and productivity improvement through path-goal
theory or barriers of effective performance.
TASK 1
a) Influence of BBC's culture on individual and team performance and behaviour
BBC's culture- A group of people which frame and control to achieve pre-define
common goals. BBC has a management structure who make efforts to manage relations between
various departments and its members. Culture of cited organization make impact on individual
and team performance.
Few organizational culture theories are below which influence the work efficiency-
Hofstede's work theory- It is a framework for cross-cultural communication. This
explains the effects of a selected company's culture on their people, values and how these are
related to their behaviour. According to this theory, four dimensions are included such as power
distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism vs. collective and masculinity vs. femininity.
Power distance- It is a term which describes how BBC employees related to a certain
culture see power relations like superior/ subordinate relationship- among people, including
those workers not in power accept and distribute power unequally. It is important because its
helped generated idea of culture differences between employees in the cited company context.
Manager of organization divided power into high and low power distance (Balmer, 2017). High
power employees see power as a work reality and believe that everyone has their own place in
management hierarchy. Low power workers expect participatory, democratic, consultative
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relationship. These type of employees perform their work differently from each other’s. High
power people can raise their issues and take response on performance.
Uncertainty avoidance- It deals with a society's tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity.
BBC indicates to what extent a culture programs its employees to feel either uncomfortable or
comfortable in unfair situations. The best recognition of good work, collaboration between teams
and solve complex processes earlier had important impact on cited company culture.
Individualism vs. collective- Individualism means that the individual is a separate entity,
frame their own choices, thoughts while collective is work in a group with different views.
Selected company culture influenced both behaviour and performance. Single person perform
with self-thinking or accomplish personal goal as well as firm too, but team make efforts to
achieve organization targets. In such collective culture, relationships between employees plays a
central role in every individual identity. BBC by adopting collective culture will help them in
achieving the organisational objective effectively and efficiently.
Masculinity vs. femininity- Femininity related with preference for cooperation, caring for
weak and quality of life. In the BBC masculinity vs. femininity is generally refers to as “tough vs
tender” cultures.
Deal and Kennedy's cultural model- This is culture based on characteristics different types of
organization, relay on how frequently get feedback and reward or after it they have completed
work and level of risk that managers take.
Feedback and reward- A major driver of employees in BBC and their culture is the
specific feedback and certain rewards which inform managers they are doing good performance.
Risk- According to Burrell and Morgan, (2017) risks are which thing that some
employees hate and few people thrive on. It is another motivating factors which leads workers to
keep focus on managing it. In low risk situation employees of cited company ready to take risk
up to their acceptable limit.
Power of managers- BBC manager use different powers to accomplish their objectives. They
use French and Bertram Raven power model to achieve goals of the company. It has five forms
of power-
Coercive-It is the ability of BBC manger to force an individual to follow order by
threatening the employee through punishment if they do not work according to instructions.
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Power is the ability of influence or control behaviour & performance of individual as well as
team.
Reward- It is the simple authority of BBC manager to give some rewards to employees
for their performance. It may be tangible or intangible.
Legitimate- This power manager can drive from formal position maintain in the cited
organization. It has been provided by authority.
Referent- It is related to ability of BBC manager to influence employees because of trust,
respect, loyalty. Workers like to give their best to accomplish goals.
Political behaviour of manager- Political behaviour of BBC managers make impact on team and
individual performance. It has few characteristics which show their political behaviour towards
employees.
This type of behaviour analysis individual behaviour, widely conceived including not
only cited company manager acts but his observation to action like demands, evaluations etc.
Political behaviour analysis of BBC manager uses theoretical propositions about politics
which lend themselves to operational formulation for the purposes of empirical research.
Manager select methods and techniques of inquiry which permit as careful treatment as
possible of theoretical formulation (Elsmore, 2017).
Influence of culture, power and politics on behaviour of others
The culture of the organisation have a great impact on the behaviour of other in an
organisation. According to the BBC case the organisation was having a bad culture in which
there were harassment and bullying on the employees which increased their employee turnover.
Companies having a good culture help in retaining the employees for the longer period and
achieving the objective of the firm effectively and efficiently. BBC by adopting a good
organisational culture will improve its brand image and will help the firm in attracting more
customers towards the brand and will also assist in retaining the employees in the business.
Power is related to have authority on the subordinates and have the influencing power of
superiors over the subordinates. The influence of power include both negative and positive.
Positive influence of power include motivating the employees to work by providing them
rewards and incentives. Negative impact of Power includes giving punishment to the
subordinated for better working and demotivating them. Positive influence of power will help
motivate the employees whereas negative influence of power will demotivate the employees.
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Politics in organisation has a great influence on the employees as it leads to changes in
attitude of employees and reduce their interest in working at that place. Politics also demotivate
the employees to work and also leads to stress for employees. Politics also reduce the
productivity and profitability of the firm.
According to review of BBC, there were few uncertain situations which was
responsible for failings in culture and communication, management and investigation systems.
Staff was suffering from bullying or harassment and their complaints were not registered. For
create effective culture, they changed their director and with the help of HR department they
make their own policies and management re-organized or lead the development in working
culture where employees want give their best performance.
M 1.) According to (Goh, Ritchie and Wang, 2017) BBC culture, politics and power can some
time make positive impact which is good for company and few times, it generates negative
environment. Positive work culture increase team and individual performance but when they
perform in opposite environment, their work efficiency is not much higher compared to other.
Workers give their best in relevant atmosphere.
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TASK 2
a) Individual and team capacity through concept and process theory
Individual and team both are performed separately to accomplish their goals and increase
effectiveness.
Content theory- It explains why human needs change with time. This includes work of
Maslow, David McClelland etc. to know about individual nature. Content theories describe the
certain factors which motivate behaviour. It includes Maslow 's hierarchy need etc.
(Source: Maslow's hierarchy theory, 2016)
Maslow's hierarchy theory- This has been drawn by Abraham Maslow in 1943. It
explains the basic requirements of human life. Cited company
Physiological needs- These all are biological needs for individual survival like air, food,
water, sex, cloth, sleep etc. It all requirements are not satisfied they cannot function properly.
Manager of BBC have to provide enough wages to employees, where they can easily fulfil their
needs. BBC in order to fulfil the basic requirement must provide the employees with fair wages
to motivate the employees to work for organisation
Safety needs- Person wants protection from social elements, security, law, stability,
freedom from fear (Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, 2016). To get great performance out of
employees cited company manager has to provide such working culture where they give their
best to accomplish goals. BBC management try to avoid past situation and provide all safety
facilities to employees. BBC must provide its employees with safety needs such as job security
etc. which will improve the efficiency of employees to work better towards the objectives of
organisation.
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Illustration 1: Maslow Hierarchy Theory

Love and belongingness needs- After fulfilment of above two requirements human needs
is social and involves feeling of love. The need for interpersonal relationships motivate
employees of BBC to perform best and achieve pre-define objectives. They learn lesson from
past and start respect of others efforts.
Esteem needs- Employee want to maintain dignity and desire for reputation or respect
from other employees of selected organization (Grove, 2018). This type of attitude necessary to
give best. Employees of BBC must work in coordination which will help in achieving the
organisational objective effectively and efficiently and member of the team must give respect to
each members of the team and organisation .
Self-actualization needs- Individual of BBC realized personal potential, self-growth,
peak experience to perform best in further. Individual work in an organisation for their
development and their own objectives and to achieve their personal objective they must work
harder to gain appreciation and incentives.Individual performance increase team effectiveness
and every member give their best to accomplish common goals.
Expectancy theory- This theory introduced by Vroom in 1964 and after it defined by
Porter in 1968. As per BBC case, its employees only perform when they have expectation that
their efforts will lead to required results (Expectancy theory, 2016). Team members need to
believe that they act compulsory skills and ability to accomplish set goals of cited organization.
Manager of company make efforts to get the best performance from each workers. Expectancy
theory of motivation include three factors which helps in improving performance of employees
that consist of expectancy, instrumentality and valence. Expectancy is related to the belief that
increased efforts of the employees will lead to increase their performance. It includes the
expectation of the employees regarding their performance in the organisation which motivates
them to work better to improve their performance. Instrumentality is related to the desire of the
employees from the organisation. It provides understanding of the relation between performance
and outcomes. Valence is related to the result that employees achieved is valued differently by
each individual. It includes needs of employees which satisfy them such as money, time off etc.
Management encourages individuals by Providing all required facilities to individual and
teams to achieved goals through better performance. They provide increment, rewards for
employees’ performance which keep them motivated.
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b) Achievements of BBC goals through motivated employees
Highly motivated employees of BBC are ready to face any unfair situation. Manager of
BBC use their workers’ motivation in different ways which is profitable for current and future
growth.
Effective communication- Manager of cited company also increase employees’
motivation to accomplish goals through effective words They can communicate them in such a
way where everyone can easily share their views with management. Past problem was arise
because of lake of bonding between employees and management. Interaction with workers
regularly create healthy relation. BBC goals will be achieved if there is effective flow of
information about the various operations performed by organization. Organization having
effective communication helps in motivating employees which leads to improved performance
of employees and thus assist in achieving the objectives of BBC.
Problem solving nature- In the past of BBC employee faced many problems due to
ineffective management. Manager of firm ready to solve their issues, which helpful, to win their
trust and once they gain success to get members believe, they all ready to perform goals with
highly motivation (Kitchin, 2017). Manager should be quick decision maker who can provide
best solution according to situation. Problem solving nature of management helps in motivating
the employees of organization and solving their problems which assist in motivating employees
to work harder that will assist in gaining target goals of the firm.
M 2. Behavior of other play important part of individual success. When they get
appreciation from colleagues they perform best to accomplish BBC goals. According to Maslow
and Vroom theories employees get motivate towards their job and make more efforts to
accomplish them. Motivate worker do their job effectively which create easy path to achieve
targets.
Recommendations- For the success of BBC, team manager has to develop healthy work
culture which motivate employees to accomplish goals. They provide rewards according to
workers’ performance to encourage them. Their good behavior for worker efforts encourage
them to finish assign project effectively.
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TASK 3
a) Types of teams and importance
Team- A group of people to accomplish pre-define goals in set time limit, called team.
BBC has any teams to achieve their objectives and manage work into the company. It has
various team to meet targets as per their deadlines. like-
Functional team- It is a group of individuals with a common function and manage work
in every department according to their function. Cited company perform to accomplish goals and
increase efficiency. It has various types of functional areas are arranged in teams regardless of
the size BBC. Accounting, marketing, finance and human resources are the examples of
functional team. These cross- functional teams are framed from experts of different areas.
This is important to make work easier for cited company. They can assign work
responsibility to relevant team and manage culture of the firm. Functional team is important to
manage the common function and work as a team to achieve the objectives of team.
Problem solving Team-It is a program which brings key line managers of BBC together
to solve real-time project through the help of facilitators. To resolve challenges team, use few
steps like recognized the issues, understand others, evaluate the options, choose specific
solutions etc. It communicates proactively, share views with others to provide solution for issues.
Team give their opinion to handle past critical situation of company. It is important to give the
best advice managing unfair situations among employees or managers. Problems solving team is
important to solve the various problems of the different departments by providing solutions for
problems.
Project team- A project team members generally belong to various group, functions and
are assigned to activities for project. BBC team can be divided into sub-teams as per time
requirements. It is important for BBC project success (Limpanitgul and et.al., 2017). The
manager's responsibility is to ensure that assigned project proceeds within certain time limit and
located budget while accomplishing its goals. Project team complete their task with the help of
different teams like technical, finance, marketing etc.
Virtual team- It is also known as geographically dispersed team, or remote team. It
generally refers to group who perform together from various locations and depended through
communication channels like e-mails, fax etc. BBC team works at wide level to increase its
productivity and compete with competitors.
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M 3 Problem solving team perform to resolve various issues of organization and appropriate
stages for the process of making BBC organization's team more effective and enhanced to
accomplish goals and objectives. They take support from various groups and make work easy.
b) Explaining effective team in BBC in relation to Tuckman and Jensen’s model of team
development
Effective team are those that have clear understanding of there team goals and have
effective communication with the team members to reduce the situation of conflicts etc. In
context to understand effectiveness about team against ineffectiveness in BBC has been
explained by different characteristics and traits which are as given below. Further, the Tuckman
and Jensen’s model with appropriate stages for the process of making BBC organization's team
more effective and enhanced. In terms to this, there are mainly four stages involved in it such as:
Clear sense of purpose: The main characteristics in terms of effective team is to make
better and clear purpose of the team which helps in developing positively. As the BBC
organization adapted this model and in this first stage that is “Forming” the team members are
introduced with each other and set the parameters to achieve goals of company. The team
members of BBC follow this model and are working with mutual trust to achieve objectives. In
addition to this, if aim and purpose is cleared in terms of achieving objectives and goal then the
group is made advanced and effective in BBC organization. However, in against to this, the
ineffective group or team does not have perfect and clear target to be achieved in BBC firm.
Lastly, if the people are not adapting their skills and knowledge at appropriate level within the
chosen organization then the team will be ineffective. When employees get to know the goals
that are to be achieved, then they are able to determine strategies through which it can be
attained.
Resolving Issues: The another characteristics is to solve the issues related to employee's
within the organisational. As it relates to “Storming” stage in which the conflicts may arise
during the team performances in BBC firm. In terms to the issue, BBC also faced negative
impact of culture in past few years. This model helps in avoiding negative impact of politics and
power at this stage in BBC. Further, at “ Norming” stage the problems are resolved within the
team members in appropriate time limit. Moreover, the issue of BBC culture was resolved by
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appointing new director in firm (Shah, Anwar and Irani, 2017). Each of the member within the
team get to know each other and as per the conditions faced they take combined decision to solve
them.
Measurable Objectives: The goals are significant and fuel for BBC company which has
to be measured in terms to achieve it with the team efforts (Pereira, Malik and Froese, 2017).
The members in group knows what is to be done in organization for higher profitability and
productivity of business. With the help of Tuckman model, at “Performing” stage it helps in
focusing on team members and also ensures to complete the task on time. Every members in
BBC are independent and works effectively to measure and achieve goals of company. Similarly,
the new director of BBC focused on team members to make them work efficiently. Moreover,
the objectives need to be measured and performed in order to achieve it effectively.
Communication: There is open communication in BBC company which helps to every
employee's in conveying their messages from top to bottom level. The BBC workplace has an
open and transparent communication process in the firm. Moreover, candour and assertiveness
are important factors in making team effective and enhanced. Further, if the problems arises are
tracked back to ineffectiveness of the teams. However, in the relation to team work Tuckman's
and Jensen’s model is discussed for team development in BBC. If the communication is
transparent then “Adjourning” helps to complete task with mutual understanding of every
members and are moved on to other project. The team members of BBC are satisfied as they
achieve their goal after completion of specific task.
Tuckman and Jensen’s model This is a model with appropriate stages for the process of
making BBC organization's team more effective and enhanced. In terms to this, there are mainly
four stages involved in it such as:
Forming: As the BBC organization adapted this model and in this first stage, the team
members are introduced with each other and set the parameters to achieve goals of company. The
team members of BBC follow this model and are working with mutual trust to achieve
objectives.
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Storming: At this stage, the conflicts may arise during the team performances in BBC
firm. In terms to the issue, BBC also faced negative impact of culture in past few years. This
model helps in avoiding negative impact of politics and power at this stage in BBC.
Norming: At this stage the problems are resolved within the team members in
appropriate time limit. Moreover, the issue of BBC culture was resolved by appointing new
director in firm (Shah, Anwar and Irani, 2017). Each of the member within the team get to know
each other and as per the conditions faced they take combined decision to solve them.
Performing: This stage helps in focusing on team members and also ensures to complete
the task on time. Every members in BBC are independent and works effectively to achieve goals
of company. Similarly, the new director of BBC focused on team members to make them work
efficiently.
Adjourning: Here the task is completed with mutual understanding of every members
and are moved on to other project. The team members of BBC are satisfied as they achieve their
goal after completion of specific task.
TASK 4
a) Using path-goal theory in improving performance and productivity within BBC
By adapting Path Goal theory within BBC organization helps to identify behaviour and
nature of individual and group members.
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Path-goal theory
This theory helps in adapting different styles of leadership that contributes in
development of team performance within BBC company. This is a task based method and is
mutual to concept of situational leadership (Path Goal Theory, 2017). The path goal theory
specifies mainly four leadership styles which is as under:
Directive leadership: This style is suitable for new employee's to trained them within the
organization. Similarly, BBC adapted this theory which helps them for achieving effective result
of performance by making employee's trained and advanced.(Spelten and et.al., 2017). This also
helps in knowing what is to be done and what is not to be done to gain more profitabilit y (Path-
goal theory, 2016). This leadership style helps in imporving
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Illustration 2: Path-goal theory
(Source: Path-goal theory, 2016)

Supportive leadership: This type of leadership helps to those workers who are
demotivated or not having self-confident in them. Further, the managers of BBC also adapted
this theory in order to focus on employee's and in attaining goals of organization.
Achievement- oriented leadership: In this style, the leaders set goals and expect from
workers to achieve it significantly. Similarly, this style is suitable in BBC firm for people who
can solve their issues independently.
Participative leadership: The skills and ideas of the employees are highly significant
and valued in participative leadership. This style of leadership is adapted by BBC firm to involve
members in task with specific talent in their tasks (Arnold Fletcher and Daniels, 2017).
This theory helps in improving performance and increasing the productivity of BBC by
using different styles of leadership for improving the performance of employees. Such as
directive leadership help in providing guidance to the employees for better performance.
Supportive leadership style is adopted by BBC motivate the employees by supporting them.
Also, Leaders of BBC provide training to employees to increase their knowledge and skills for
better performance.
b) Main barriers to effective performance within the BBC
There are different types of barriers that are identified within BBC that are as follows;
Conflicts among employees and employer: In accordance with the case, it is mentioned
that manager of BBC misused his powers due to which employees developed negative
perception within their mind. This caused the business to face serious issues as conflict situation
reduced productivity and relationship with employees.
Negative culture: The type of culture followed within BBC was not positive. It is
identified that there are frequent changes that make employees to understand and accept the
changes. This caused to form negative culture in which workers faced difficulty in performing
their roles and responsibilities. When manager of the cited organization misuse their power that
create negative atmosphere at workplace.
Lack of communication: In order to perform any set of roles it is important that one has
proper understanding for the set of aspects that are needed to be covered (Balmer, 2017). In
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conditions when management does not have proper confusion, it negatively affects the
performance and increases confusions. As per the type of culture that was developed at BBC
reduce communication among employees and employers. Thus, it acted as barriers towards
effective performance at BBC.
The above barriers affect the performance and profitability of BBC. Due to conflicts
among the employees and employer they are not able to perform the various operation
effectively and efficiently which hampers the profitability of the organisation and to solve this
problem employer must maintain healthy relation with its employees and must motivate them to
improve their performance. Negative culture of the organisation also affect the effective
performance of the organisation which leads to reduced profitability and market share of the
firm. Organisation must create positive culture in order to improve the performance of
employees.
M 4. Organization behaviour increase employees’ productivity or create impressive image
among the competitors. But if it faces internal competitive atmosphere it makes negative impact
and employees have jealous feelings with others. Positive impact of this method that workers
give their best to get rewards from seniors.
D 2. Team bonding improve productivity of organization which increase profitability. It makes
impact on team behaviour. Manager has to develop work culture to get effective team
performance. Various team when work together for one common goal provide support to
individual and meet mission of company.
CONCLUSION
From the above report, it is concluded that organization culture, political, power
influenced the individual or team performance. Competitive atmosphere make impact on
employees’ performance. In political environment BBC productivity decrease due to lake of
support. Maslow and expectancy theory are helpful to understand human nature and their
requirements. Different teams perform various work to accomplish firm targets and increase
profitability. Tuckman and Jensen's model develop effective team which make efforts for
improve workers working skills. Leader perform to accomplish projects with the help of
employees.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
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1471.
Burrell, G. and Morgan, G., 2017. Sociological paradigms and organisational analysis:
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Elsmore, P., 2017. Organisational Culture: Organisational Change? Organisational Change?
Routledge.
Goh, E., Ritchie, B. and Wang, J., 2017. Non-compliance in national parks: An extension of the
theory of planned behaviour model with pro-environmental values. Tourism
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Grove, A.S., 2018. Teamwork in 21st century South African organisations: understanding the
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Kitchin, D., 2017. An introduction to organisational behaviour for managers and engineers: A
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Limpanitgul, T. and et.al., 2017. The relationship between empowerment and the three-
component model of organisational commitment: an empirical study of Thai employees
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Pereira, V., Malik, A. and Froese, F.J., 2017. Mapping the impact of Asian business systems on
HRM and organisational behaviour: multi-level comparative perspectives. Journal of
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Shah, N., Anwar, S. and Irani, Z., 2017. The impact of organisational justice on ethical
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Spelten, E. and et.al., 2017. Organisational interventions for preventing and minimising
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Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. 2016. [Online]. Assesed through:
<https://www.simplypsychology.org/maslow.html>.
Expectancy theory. 2016. [Online]. Assesed through:
<https://sielearning.tafensw.edu.au/MBA/9791F/BusinessServices/LO/
1207_020138_605F_02_wi/1207_020138_605F_0205_wi.htm>.
Path-goal theory. 2016. [Online]. Assesed through: <https://iedunote.com/path-goal-theory>
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