Organisational Behaviour: Culture, Politics, and Power

This report explores the influence of culture, politics, and power on team behavior and performance in the context of Ryanair. It also discusses content and process theories of motivation and their application in the organization.

ORGANISATIONAL
BEHAVIOUR

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
LO 1.................................................................................................................................................3
P 1 Culture, politics and power within the company...................................................................3
LO 2.................................................................................................................................................7
P 2 Content and process theory of motivation.............................................................................7
LO 3...............................................................................................................................................10
P 3 Effective team as opposed to ineffective team....................................................................10
LO 4...............................................................................................................................................13
P 4 Concept and philosophy......................................................................................................13
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................14
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................16

INTRODUCTION
Organizational behavior refers to conducting the study of the behavior of the consumer
regarding preferring the organization products. Through these aspects it helps in determining the
activity which is performed by individual or group at the time of working in the organization. It
carries various perspective in respect of maintaining discipline in the organization and also their
behavior regarding attain the particular task (Kiweewa and et.al, 2018). The main importance of
identifying the organizational behavior is that it determines the various nature of the individual in
the organization and also their behavior regarding accomplishing the particular task. Thus, to
examining the overall objectivity of the organizational behavior, it is important to interpret the
internal and external activity of the organization regarding examine the behavior of the
individual. Present report is based upon the Ryanair which was founded by 28th Nov 1984 having
headquarter in Ireland. Ryanair is considered to be one of the largest airline budgets which is
scheduled by the passengers and also, they rapidly expand their business by attracting the
customer towards their services by lowering the prices of the tickets. They are engaged with
around 17,500 employees carrying their business at global level. They mainly committed their
business online and also provides effective training to their pilot and internal staff so that they
retain in work premises for longer time period.
Report will include the factors which influences of culture, power and politics of the
behavior of the people engaged in organization. It also includes the aspects which is related to
motivation of individual or team working in organization. Further the report carries with the
factors relating to how cooperate effectively with others. Lastly the report ends up with the
various concepts and philosophies of organizational behavior in respect of various situation
which occurs in business.
LO 1
P 1 Culture, politics and power within the company
Analyzing the power, politics and culture influence the team behavior and performance.
Organizational culture is referring as the underlying behavior, values and assumptions. These
influence on the people in organization by sharing values and dictate they dress and perform
their job roles in effective manner. This plays an important and effective role in organization and

influence individual behavior and performance (Otte, Konradt and Oldeweme, 2018). Ryanair
airline have the corporate culture in help to more focus as an airline company. Here, is select
Hendy’s culture model in order to analysis culture influence team behavior and performance are
as follows:
Handy’s culture model: Handy culture model is founded by Charles handy, a leading
authority on organizational culture this defined four different kind of culture like power, task,
role and person. This help to understand different culture plays in effective manner. Brief
explanation is as follows:
Power culture: Power is referring the main authority which is held only on one and few
individual people in the organization. They have proper and effective role either to change role
or have implement new role in organization for achieving goals of Ryanair Airline Company in
effective manner. This usually a strong culture, because through it can swiftly turn toxic in
effective manner. For example: manager of Ryanair has power to change job responsibility of
one particular person as per performance. This can affect to team behavior and performance
because through that one particular is motivated for work and give hard contribution for more
growth, but other employees are feeling demotivated towards wok because they feel also have
right to promote them through that power influence team behavior and performance in Ryanair
company.
Role culture: The role culture is based on the rules and regulations for work which are
implemented by company higher authority and government norms. This can also influence the
team behavior and performance. For example: the company manager has role to take decision in
any situation either performance or critical (Hendy’s model of organizational culture, 2018). The
company have rule to compensate those people who perform well in organization. In that
management have required compensating them as per their performance and fair but they do not
do this as peer policy. Through that employees are demotivated for work and not make sense for
work and affect to behavior because through that employee’s behavior is negative and not give
hard contribution for work. This can affect to performance because behavior is change towards
work.
Task culture: The task culture in the Ryanair is formed to address specific task and
project by one single person. This culture is also affected and influence team behavior and

performance in case any critical situation is not handled by people in the absence of project
manager. Like in the Ryanair, project manager solves all the problems either that are easy or
critical but in the absence of him problem is not solve by another people and staff member
(Kinicki and Fugate, 2017). Through that company is suffers and make pressures on employee
for solve this, through that employees are feel pressure and not make effective work as per
requirement this affect the performance and team behavior towards work. In that case company
have to make mix rights of skills and leadership help to increase productive and creative work.
Person culture: Person culture is also influencing the team behavior and performance in
Ryanair Company because in this individual people want to be see themselves as unique and
superior to the organization. This can affect to through the collection of individuals who are
work same as them. Like: accountant want another accountant also work same n the
organization. Manager of Ryanair is wanting all employees are perform same for that they give
training and development program for develop their skills for work in effective manner. But
most off the time employees are not ready for work and mot make effective attention in training.
This can affect to team behavior towards work and performance if they not got proper training
for work effective (Osland, Devine and Turner, 2015). This can affect to team behavior because
they not got proper training and also not perform well in company.
This is the Handy culture model which is help to analysis culture influence team behavior
and performance. On the other side, power is also influence team behavior and performance of
Ryanair employees. In order to analysis power influence here is select French and raven model
of power are as follows:
French and Raven model of power: Think leader about the discipline or reward peoples to get
things proper and effective manner. This includes five factors such as Legitimate, reward, expert,
referent, coercive. The brief explanation of those is as follows:
Legitimate power: This can come from the formal rights of employees; organizational
culture is also providing the basis for legitimate power in effective manner. This can affect to tea
behavior and performance because the organizational structure is dividing work into each
employee through that all employees are done their work. In that of any employee required to
communicate with other then they are not able to do this through that this affect employee’s
performance because they not get proper direction.

Rewards power: in that Ryanair manager gives rewards to their employees but if
manager is not providing fair and performance-based rewards than employees are demotivated
and not give hard contribution for work (French and Raven five forms of power, 2017). Through
performance and behavior both are affected.
Expert power: This also can affect to team behavior and performance of Ryanair. In the
case of Expert of Ryanair is not understand situation and give decision with lack of skills than it
create more complexity for team work and performance is affected.
Referent power: These come from the liking information ad respecting another
(Podsakoff, Mackenzie and Podsakoff, 2016). If manager of Ryanair is communicating some
information with employee and they communicate with other in negative manner than it affects
employee behavior because through that employees about information which is against of this
and their behavior is also changed.
Coercive power: is also affect team behavior and performance because of manager
abused to people then feel insult and not happy with employer. This is the power which is affect
employee’s behavior and performance (Miner, 2015).
Politics
The political behavior is also happening in company which can be affected to employee’s
behavior and performance. In order to analysis political behaviors of manager of Ryanair, here is
select Chantal’s characteristics of such behavior are as follows:
The political behavior is subset of human behavior which involves politics and power.
The political behavior is also impact and influences the team behavior and performance of team
in effective and negative manner. For example: the team of Ryanair have the one employee who
have political mind set because they want to success by making issues between other people or
says negative aspect to manager about other people. This is the think which is create politics
between team and affect behavior and performance of employees because through that
employees are got negative aspect from work. On the other side, the nature of mass brief is also
often politic behavior which involves abilities and lack of knowledge. Some people in the
Ryanair Airline Company are thinking they have proper and effective knowledge and proper

information of work but in the reality they have not any think about work knowledge. This create
more issues for team performance because inappropriate work structure and information.
Those are explanation of organizational culture, politics and power can affect to
employees of Ryanair Company and its growth factor in ineffective manner. This influence a
team behavior ad work performance of employees in negative manner (Lazaro, 2015). Through
that they are not able to give their hard contribution for work and growth. This can give negative
impact as well as create negative working environment. For that employer of Ryanair have to
make sure about employee’s motivation factors and provide motivation for work.
LO 2
P 2 Content and process theory of motivation
Motivation is derived from the word motive which means to set some needs and demands
regarding attaining the particular task. In respect of person working in organization, motivation
play the important role in respect of motivating people to accomplish such task in better manner.
Through this aspects company gain more profits by delivering the quality services to their
clients. Motivation can be done through organizing any social activity or providing effective
working environment or helping any person in respect of providing monetary benefits (Menard,
Botti and Crossler, 2017). In context of organization, motivation can be done by the leaders or
managers to their employees regarding attaining the particular task and also provide effective
communication so that it reduces barriers between them. In context of Ryanair, the motivation is
majorly needed in case of motivating employees to provide better services and by this
perspective it results in more retention of employees at work place.
Content Theories:
In respect of imposing the theories of motivation, the content theories of motivation are
interpreted in respect of examining the intrinsic and extrinsic factors which helps individual to
plan according to their needs and wants (Elliot, Dweck and Yeager, 2017). In respect of applying
the consent theories, organization mainly adapt the Maslow hierarchy needs theory which
examines the individual needs regarding attaining the particular task. This theory is further
elaborated into further parts such as:

Firstly, it related to physiological needs in which the basic needs are identified regarding
the providing the foods, clothing, shelter and water. By their perspective employees can retain at
work premises for longer time period. In respect of Ryanair, the condition of employees is not
good and thus by providing these basic benefits resulting in more chances of retaining the
employees at work place. Employees had to mainly maintain their livelihood if they are
psychologically satisfied with their job. Thus, in such perspective, if they are getting such
services it resulting in retaining employees for longer way. Secondly the need is relating to safety
which is one of the basic needs which is demanded by every employee at the time of working.
As through motivation if the owners of the organization satisfy the needs of the employees in
respect of securing their job in organization (Ryan and Deci, 2017). Safety is also one of the
major aspects in respect of providing proper equipment to employees at the time of working at
hazardous places. In such manner they are also motivated to stay at the palace as their life is
secured by working at such organization or carrying such activities to get better results.
The third needs are relating to love and belonginess which the employees needed at the
work place. As employees needed that love and support from the team mates and also support at
the work place. Through this aspects, employees of Ryanair airlines needed that love and support
so that they can personally handle the situation in case of absence of their superior (Latham,
2016). In such matter they are motivated to work as team so that they can accomplish the task
and also helps each other in case of any conflict arises. Through these aspects it resulting in
motivating employees to share their reviews and thoughts with each other and also retain at work
place for longer way. The next needs are relating to Self-esteem which is related to self-respect.
This can be done through providing the status and recognition regarding the work committed.
These needs can be fulfilled in respect of self motivating itself regarding accomplishing the task
within the stipulated time. The employees of Ryanair had to self-motivated to accomplish the
task so that they can increase their post through their hard work and dedication (Livingston, Shah
and Happen, 2019.). The last needs are recognized through self-actualization, in which the
individual itself recognized the capability of attaining the particular task. This can be done
through innovating their own talents and also determining the capabilities at work place so that it
results in bringing new ideas at work premises.

In respect of relating this theory with individual this helps them in motivating at every
aspect as by fulfilling the basic needs or through self-motivating. The Maslow theory resulting in
satisfying the needs and demands of the employees working at Ryanair. They got all the basic
amenities which is needed to improve the condition of the employees at the work place. In
context of team work they are motivated by grabbing the love and belonginess at work place
(Keshavarz and Karama, 2016.). As motivation of the team is examined through the team efforts
and this can be done through carrying the effective communication skills. As by reducing the
barriers between the employees resulting in gaining more advantages as they can share the ideas
easily and also resolve any issue if their ids not support from any superiors. Through this aspects
Maslow theory is one of the major motivations they examined at work places.
Advantages
The main advantage is that this theory motivates the employees in assessing the basic needs of
the employees so that the organizational objectives are also attained.
Disadvantages
The major disadvantage of this theory is that the main focus is on the fulfilment of the personal
goals and the employees ignore their business goals.
Process Theories:
In this theory the motivation is examined on the bases of the behaviors of the employees
regarding attaining the particular task. This theory is mainly used to interpret that how employee
is motivated within the organization regarding achieving the particular task. In these aspects
Equity theory is determined to support the judgment and condition of the employees working at
Ryanair. As this theory states that every employee is to be treated equally and also, they are to be
rewarded with the equal benefits in respect of getting the same rewards to other employees. As
every employee are equal for the company but their working criteria is depended upon their
skills and capabilities regarding attaining the particular task., In such perspective, they are not
judged as per their experiences and Knowledge regarding accomplishing the particular task.
Their interest is to be managed by the organization regarding providing the accurate training as
per their field and also the task is to be assigned according to their ability. In such manner the
equality is arises as the differentiation can be done on the bases of caste, sex, race, color, region,

religion etc. (Somme tad, Karlson and Hallberg, 2015). In case of Ryanair, the issue arises is that
employees feel that the senior managers are not carrying the equality at work premises which
resulting in distracting their interest towards the work place. By this procedure they are carrying
less business activity and also not providing quality services to their customer which resulting in
affecting the reputation and goodwill of the company. Thus, in respect of Ryanair, they mainly
use the equality theory, so that they can treat every employee equally and also the employees are
rewards with some monetary amount in case of performing better at work place. These results
motivating other employees regarding achieving target before the stipulated time so that they can
also gain as much profits which is liable in case of performing at high scale.
In respect of relating these theories to individual, every person expects in the work
premises regarding treating them equally and also, they given chances to prove their capability
and skills in attaining the particular task. Thus, through this aspect this theory resulting in
motivating individual to work hard and dedicated towards work to improve the performance
(Elliot, Dweck and Yeager, 2017). In respect of working as team, this theory is necessary as the
task is to accomplished as team thus the rewards or appreciation is to be given to all the team
members. In respect of Ryanair, the employees working under the marketing team accomplish
and set targets, the rewards are to be given to all the employees and also, they are to be treated
equally.
Advantages
This theory are more practical and works and aims at fulfilling the organizational goals and this
automatically fulfills the aim of employees.
Disadvantages
The major disadvantage is that here the main focus is on the accomplishment of business
objectives and this demotivates the employees.
LO 3
P 3 Effective team as opposed to ineffective team
For doing any work it is necessary that it is done with more efficiency and effectiveness
and for this it is necessary that the work is divided among the employees in accordance with

them capabilities. That is why Ryanair also takes the help of team working. The underlying
reason behind this is that within a team the work is done with more proficiency and
effectiveness. The Ryanair divide its work among the employees in form of dividing them into
different types if team. These team which are used by Ryanair are discussed in the following
points-
Functional team- this is a type of team which is made in accordance with the functions
performed by the employees. In simple words the employees performing the same task or
function is grouped under same team. This type of team is important because of the reason that
all the employees are doing same task thus, everyone knows their work with efficiency. Any of
the employees are not able to perform its task then the other employee helps the person in
completing the work (Cooke and Hilton, eds., 2015).
Problem solving team- this is a team made by Ryanair in order to solve any problem. The main
aim of this team is only to focus on the problem areas and try to find solutions to those problems.
This team is important for the company because of the reason that the business exist in a
dynamic world and there are many changes going on than the problem-solving team helps the
business as its work is to solve any problem.
Project team- this is a team established for accomplishing any project taken by the company.
This is important because of the reason that for every project a team is made which only takes
care for that particular project only (Rago and et.al., 2019).
Belbin team types
This is a type of model which outlines nine different types of roles which can be played
within a team. The different types of role which are followed by the employees of Ryanair in
managing its work and team in accordance with the Belbin team roles are discussed in the
following points-
Implementer- The first and foremost role under Belbin team role followed by Ryanair is the role
of implementer. Here the manager of Ryanair is an implementer who only focuses on getting the
things done by the other team members. These are the person who converts the ideas into reality
and tries to implement in the business.

Coordinator- this is another role played by the manager of Ryanair and it is the major role under
Belbin team. This is because of the reason that if there will not be coordination among the
employees of Ryanair then the work will not be accomplished in time and with efficiency.
Specialist- another major role under Belbin is of the specialist. Under this role the manager of
Ryanair gains some special knowledge relating to the area of business.
Tuckman and Jensen group development model
This is another model of team development which the Ryanair uses in order to develop a team
with more efficiency and productivity. For this Ryanair uses the stages of Tuckman and Jensen.
These stages are applied in the business by Ryanair in the following ways-
Forming- this is the first stage wherein the company brings in the different employees together
in order to make them acquainted with one another. This is done in order to make sure that every
new employee is in connection with the other employees. The underlying reason behind this is
that the employees come in connection with one another and with this the coordination among
the increases.
Storming- this is the next stage which is undergone by employees of Ryanair to form the team.
Here the employees of the company brainstorm all the things which they have to work in order to
achieve the objectives of the business of Ryanair (Hu and Liden, 2015). Here all the strategies of
the company are discussed which are used to manage the work of the business.
Norming- this is the stage wherein the managers of Ryanair makes some rules and regulations
and guidance under which the employees of the company needs to work. This is because of the
reason that if there will not be any rules and regulation then the employees will not work in
proper way (Kozlowski and et.al., 2015).
Performing- this is the last stage of team development wherein the employees of Ryanair
actually, performs the work in a team all in accordance with the rules and regulations developed
sunder the norming stage.
How these models make team effective
For the efficient working of the business it is very necessary that all the work needs to be
done in a team so that the work is accomplished in proper and effective way. Therefore, making

the team using the different models like Tuckman team development theory, Belbin team roles
for developing team. These models help Ryanair in developing effective team because of the
reason that these models are already established in the business and are also used by different
organization. It is so because of the reason that these models have some pre-established steps
through which Ryanair develops its team. This are already tried and tested method of developing
the team. Therefore, Ryanair uses this model and also the roles of the Belbin team as it helps the
company in knowing what all roles are played with in the company.
LO 4
P 4 Concept and philosophy
For working in a business, it is very necessary for the company to apply some theories for
the leadership of the business. This is necessary because of the reason that the company involves
many different types so employees who comes from diverse culture and to manage the work
from them there is a need of leader. The leader here plays the role of leading the employees as a
team and gets the work done from them in effective and efficient manner. For this the leader
makes use of different types of leadership theories. The major theory used by the leader of
Ryanair is Path Goal Theory. This is a theory which is based on the specific set if the leadership
style or behavior used by the leader pertaining to a particular situation.
This is essentially because of the reason that this theory states that the business
environment keeps in changing. The style of leadership totally depends on the situation in which
the leaders and the employees work. This is because of the reason that every person is different
in their mind and perception. Therefore, the leader has to manage all these diverse people
coming from different background. This theory states that the leadership styles which is adopted
by the leader depends totally on the situation in which the leader is working (Alghero, Gregg and
Ramirez, 2017). The only aim of the leader is to achieve the goals of the business and developing
a path through which the goal will be achieved under the guidance
Main barrier in implementing the new organizational structure
Ryanair is planning to develop and implement a new organizational structure within the
company. The organizational culture is the environment and the rules and regulations which are
followed by the employees within the organization. Now in the present case Ryanair is planning

to implement a new structure. But this will face many different problems and barriers in
implementing the new structure. The barriers which will be faced by Ryanair in adopting to the
latest organizational culture is as follows-
Employee resistance- this is the main barrier which Ryanair may face. This is because of
the reason that the employees are used to with the earlier organizational culture and it will be
difficult for them to adopt to the new culture. Therefore, they resist in adapting to these new set
of guidance and structure.
Communication- this is another barrier which the employees and the leaders of Ryanair
may face while implementing the new structure. This is because of the reason that if the
communication will not be proper then how the new change will be adopted by the employees.
Therefore, if the communication will not be clear and understandable then Ryanair will face
problem in adapting to the new structure.
Leadership- this also poses a barrier in implementing the new structure. This is because
of the reason that if the leader of Ryanair uses strict leadership techniques then the employees
will not be happy and comfortable in adopting to the new structure and way of working (Shuffler
and et.al. 2018).
CONCLUSION
From the above study it had been concluded that the organizational behavior had been
very important and effective part of company in order to achieve goals and objectives of
company in effective manner. This report had been covered by the organizational culture, power
and politics had affect and influence behavior and performance of team. For that report had
included by the Hendy’s culture model, French and Raven power form and political nature of
people. That helped to effective analysis of influencing factors in effective manner. On the other
side, motivation has the important and effective factors that had helped an important role in the
company in order to motivate employee for positive growth. For that report had been highlighted
by content and process theory of motivation. This has helped to understand step by step
motivation factor. The effective team had helped to performed task well and helped achieve
goals or objectives of company for that here has selected Tuckman theory of team development.

As well as, report had been showed ad applied by philosophies of organizational behavior by
Belbin theory.

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