Organisational Behaviour Essay

This essay examines the impact of organizational culture, power, and politics on individual and team behavior at Waitrose, a leading employee-owned supermarket chain. It explores various motivational theories, including Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and Vroom's Expectancy Theory, and analyzes team development theories like Tuckman's stages of group development and Belbin's team roles.

ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
PART 1............................................................................................................................................3
P1 Analyse the organizational culture, politic and power that influence the individual and
team behaviour and performance. .........................................................................................3
Organizational culture influence individual and team:..........................................................3
M1 Critically analyse how the culture, politics and power of an organization that inefluence
team behaviour and performance. ........................................................................................5
P2 Discuss the content and process theories of motivational or motivational technique that
enable effective achievement of goals. ..................................................................................5
Vroom's Expectancy theory- .................................................................................................8
M2 Evaluate how to influence the behaviour of other through the effective application of
behavioural motivational theories, models and concepts.......................................................9
D2 Justified and recommended that how all the relationship between power, culture and
politics that motivate enable team and business success. ......................................................9
PART 2..........................................................................................................................................10
P3 Demonstrate an understanding of what make an effective team as opposed to an ineffective
team......................................................................................................................................10
M3 Analyse the relevant team and group development theories to support the development of
dynamic business..................................................................................................................12
P4 Apply the concepts and philosophies of organizational context and given business situation
..............................................................................................................................................12
Path Goal Theory-................................................................................................................13
M4 Justify and eval_1552916245uate a range of concepts and philosophies in how they
inform and influence the behaviour on both negative and positive ways. ..........................15
D2 Evaluate the relevance of theories regarding the team development in organizational
behaviour philosophies and concept that influence behaviour at workplace. .....................15
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................16
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................17

INTRODUCTION
Organizational behavior is the study about the human behavior and attitude towards the
organizational goals and objectives. It will determine the importance of dynamic group in the
enterprise productivity. Waitrose is based on the supermarket that operates a retail business
which is the largest of employee owned type business. This report will discuss about the
organizational culture, power, politics that motivate the individual team and their performance.
This assignment will describe the process and content motivational theories or technique that
enable to achieve effective goals. However, this report will understand that what make an
effective team opposed to ineffective team or group. At last, this report will discuss about the
different philosophies and concepts of organizational.
PART 1
P1 Organizational culture, politic and power that influence the individual and team behaviour
and performance.
Organizational culture is mainly defined as the underlying the assumptions, belief and
value of interacting towards the psychological or social environment of business.
Politic is a type of process and behavior of human that interact with the other by using
authority and power.
Organizational power is an essential element that make an organization successful and
influence the other people based on the ability.
Organizational culture, politic and power are the important factors that motivate the team
members towards the business operations and functions. It is required for business process to
maintain their cultural environment, power and politics. In Waitrose company, There are
different type of business activities occurs that support to the director for taking right decision in
the form of rationalist ways (Dhir, 2019). This firm may be followed the specific political
structure which operates by the distributing authority and setting stage for exercise if power.
Individual who are highly inspired to secure and use the power to find the effective business
environment
Organizational culture influence individual and team:
It is the important criteria that can identify that how culture and environment motivate the
team because An effective environment always encourage the team members to collaborate with
the other members. They also communicated with each other to share information in proper

manner. Waitrose super market is mainly concerned about the research and development to
analyze the market trends which help for determine the requirement of consumers (Dhir, 2019).
It is necessary to interact with the other employee to develop a healthy culture and environment
at workplace. In this way, team members feel free to enjoy their working culture to increase their
efficiency and performance towards the goals and achievements. In Waitrose, Manager is trying
to create a competitive culture so that every employee is focused towards the targets to increase
the productivity and profitability in marketplace. There are four different ways to determine the
culture of organizations. This type of organizational culture based on the Handy's culture theory.
 Power culture:
In waitrose firm, power culture is based on the rules and regulations that manage the overall
culture of business. According to handy's culture or theory, Employees are generally judged by
what they can achieve and how they can doe their task in proper manner (Gagné, 2018). There
are some consequences happen due to quick decision. Power culture is usually strong culture that
collapse the entire functionality of business process.
 Role Culture:
Role culture is also based on the rules and highly controlled with every one in the firm. In
Handy's culture and theory, Power is determined by the position of person in the structure of
business (chaere and et.al., 2018). Role Culture is builds on the detailed structure of firms. A
consequence is that when decision making can often be painful in the firm and it is less take
risks.
 Task Culture:
It is a form when team in the organization are addressed the specific problem and progress. It is
important thing in terms of power within team and also depend on the team member those who
are participated on the same problem (Gagné, 2018). Task culture is an effective concept in the
terms of handy's that determined through the dynamic team. The people has specified skills,
leadership quality, personality.
 Person culture-
In waitrose, Individual one can see themselves as a unique and superior in the organizations. It is
simply exists in order for employee to work in proper manner(Gagné, 2018). It is based on the
concept and culture of handy's theory or model that help to maintain the person. It is required
for business process to every peoples are working on the common objective.

Politics factor influence the team and individual:
Politics may influence the team and individual to play politics in the organizations when
their evaluation and results are subjected or unclear. Politic enforced the individual and group
with high performance pressure. In this way, they have changed their behavior towards the
business and performance target (Gagné, 2018). Politics may have become the bad word in the
organizations and it still exists in the business process, especially it can be linked with the
internal politics in the enterprise. In Waitrose, there are various type of activities associated with
the use and influence appropriate tactics to improve the organizational growth and personal
interests. Politic exists in the organization and it is futile to fight against them or try to defeat it.
It is needed for planning an effective strategy by leaders those who are aware about the lay of
land and also push back.
Power Influences the individual and group:
Power influences the other team and group to maintain the business operations and
functions. As per Handy's theory, Power culture always influence the potential and capacity of
individual and team to influence another group and teams. It depends on the relationship and
success through power. It also offers the trust and respects to other people (Chan, 2018). In
Waitrose, Power always influence the position of individual because each and every employee
has fixed position and certain power to use against another group. It is also controlled the entire
operations and functions of business process. Team members influence the position of other
people. In this way, they have reduced their performance and behavior towards business process.
It is an essential for the Manager to divide the specific role of each and every employee in the
organization.
M1 Culture, politics and power of an organization that inefluence team behaviour and
performance.
Culture, Power and politics are the important factors of Handy's theory that support the
overall culture and environment of business. It is summarised that the politics, power and culture
impact on the organization which influence the team behaviour and performance. The
organization is mainly used the controlled culture that help for clear the specific goals and
objective of business. In this way, they also create a good relationship with the other colleagues
at workplace (Yang and Wei, 2018). Manager and leaders are influenced to other members to
increase their performance and efficiency.

On the other hand, Politics and power is another factors that motivate the team and
individual to increase the productivity and profitability in marketplace. In Waitrose, the manager
is providing the opportunities for the people to develop their career sand also express their
interest towards the goals and objectives (Yang and Wei, 2018). Political structure which give
more option to increase their professional level and high managerial which depends on the
accumulation of power.
P2 content and process theories of motivational or motivational technique that enable effective
achievement of goals.
Motivational theory is a type of task with discover what drive individuals to work
towards the results and goals. Waitrose organization is interested towards the motivational theory
because in this way, it inspires and motivate the team and individual to increase the productivity
or profitability (chaere and et.al., 2018). It is a leading to use the suitable resources for
increasing the economic conditions. Motivational theories are differentiated between extrinsic
and intrinsic factors.
Content theory- This theory is mainly focused on the different factors with individual person
that direct, store behavior and energize etc. It always looks at the specific need of people to
motivate towards the business process (Yang and Wei, 2018). It is the earliest theories of
motivations and greater impact in the management system, policy and procedures.
Maslow Hierarchy theory-

Maslow Hierarchy theory of need is often shown in the form of pyramids. It is determined the
basic needs at the bottom and more complex need at top level. In order to the needs in the
hierarchy. Initially, with the basic psychological requirements and continuing through the safety,
esteem, belonging love and self actualization.
 Physiological Needs- It is the most dominant of all needs in terms of physiological. If
someone is missing his/ her life which requires to probably motivate would be fulfill their
need and requirement (Yang and Wei, 2018). Many persons those who has lacking safety,
esteem, love and safety. In case, when all the requirements are unsatisfied that may turn
into the background.
 Security and Safety- Safety needs refers to people's desire for their protection and
security. Generally, it looks less important than the protection. It is an essential for
maintain the healthy or fortunate adult in the culture which are largely satisfied related
the safety needs (Yang and Wei, 2018). It is also demonstrated as more preferences for
the policies, insurances and saving account and job security.
Illustration 1: Maslow's Hierarchy of Need
(Source: Maslow's Hierarchy of Need. 2018)

 Belongingness and Love- initially, if both safety and physiological needs are fulfilled,
the love and belonginess needs come into the prominence. This theory may claimed the
people need to accept and belong their social groups. Love needs includes receiving and
giving the affections when it is satisfied the person requirements (Dhir, 2019). People
will immediately remove and eliminate the lack of friends or partners. Sometimes, many
people suffers form the social isolation or depressions.
 Esteem- In the society, many people high valuation of themselves and stable for long
terms (Yang and Wei, 2018). It esteems of other and self respect. Human being need to
feel values such a useful and necessary in the entire world. Sometimes, people feel low
self esteem often require respect to others.
 Self-actualization – Self actualization reflect an individuals desire to develop and grow
the fullest potential. Many people like to the opportunities and choosing their own
versions (Dhir, 2019). It is the most challenging for people to maintain the positions and
tasks in proper manner. This theory is believed that people must overcome their own
needs.
In wait rose theory, it is applied the Maslow Hierarchy theory of need is often shown in the form
of pyramids. It is determined the basic needs at the bottom and more complex need at top level.
This theory is beneficial for organization to provide the opportunities so that employee easily
achieve their goals and objectives.

Process theory- This theory is described the overall analysis of how people behavior is directed,
sustained and stopped. It is focused on the human behavior to motivated towards the
organizational goals.
Vroom's Expectancy theory-
The Expectancy theory is an emphasis on the process and other motivational content. It is
also integrated with the equity, needs and reinforcement theories. The basic aim of this theory to
explain how people can choose from the available action. It defines the motivation as a process
that governs to among the alternative forms of human behavior (Woods and et.al., 2018). It is
motivational theory that helps in decision making to achieve their desired outcomes. The
motivation is to engage in the different activity which determined by using factors.
 Expectancy- Many person belief that more efforts will help for achieving the success. If
person work harder, It will gain more opportunity and increase the better performance.
Expectancy is the belief that support to put efforts for increasing the performance in case
if the work harder is better than this will be better. It helps for choose the right resources,
raw materials.
 Instrumentality- According to this, A person belief that there is a connection between
the goals and activity. If A person perform well, they definitely achieve the rewards. It is
based on the performance when the person can do well so that they can achieve the
valuable outcomes. It is the first level of outcome to lead the second level of results. It
also affected to the clear understanding of relationship between the results and
performance.
 Valence- A person give more values and rewards that help for increasing the success. For
Example- Appraisal is one of the factor which based on the significance of performance
of people. It is important that individual places upon their expected outcomes. A person
must prefer an appropriate outcome.

Illustration 2: Vroom's Expectancy
(Source: Vroom's Expectancy theory. 2018)

Motivational techniques are applicable in the organization to inspire and influence the employee
for performed different operations and functions. In Waitrose firm, managers uses this theory to
understand the individual perceptions about how it is fairly work and treated with their
colleagues. It is a crucial part of organization where they are giving reward and treated. It also
setting the specific goals and objectives through motivation where they provide measurable ways
to access a person performance and commitment (Podsakoff, Morrison and Martinez, 2018).
Motivational theory is a major program in terms of management technique that adopted the
standards issues by the department of defense. Manager can point in the coordinating otherwise
disparate element in the organization.
M2 how to influence the behaviour of other through the effective application of behavioural
motivational theories, models and concepts
Motivational theories plays important role in terms of behavior which influence the
people and employee towards their goals and achievements. Motivational model is especially
useful for the generic purpose and less useful for the specific choice according to the
requirement. It is important for consumers to provide the best deals and increasing the business
process. These motivational theories are influenced the human behavior, attitude towards the
organizational culture, power and politics (Eissa, Lester, and Gupta, 2019). It may be conceive
the utility needs as the basic dimensions of motivation. In Waitrose, Employee can identify the
certain requirement of consumers to reach the appropriate destination. For Example- Every
manager needs to ensure that any type of negative consequences through the equity
differentiation are avoided. Managers are informed anticipate perceived the negative in equities.
In this way, they carefully communicate with the employee and their intended value of giving the
rewards. There will be reliability and transparency in the behavior of people that influence the
people to use an appropriate concept. Motivation theory is managing the behavior to provide the
benefits regarding the development.
D2 Justified and recommended that how all the relationship between power, culture and politics
that motivate enable team and business success.
Yes, It is absolutely right when the relationship between politics, power and cultural
always motivate to increase the success of business. It needs for enterprise to handle all type of
factors in terms of growth or development (Chan, 2018). Organizational culture should be
prompter to ensure the employee inspire in order to achieve business objectives. Employee

members take pride to do their task in proper manner. They have responsibility to increase the
business success across the world. Culture and business success are correlated to each other
because A healthy environment always influenced the employee to increase their efficiency
towards the achievements. It is important consequences of the organization environment is
directly influence the performance of company. On the other hand, (Schaerer and et.al., 2018)
Power and politics are another factors that impact on the overall performance of business. Power
reflects the overall esteem which other regards the individual. Each and every people can
understand the power, which assess it in realistic ways.
PART 2
P3 Demonstrate an understanding of what make an effective team as opposed to an ineffective
team
Effective team is important part of Organization that can participate for managing the entire
functionality. It always opposed to an ineffective team through quality of skill, knowledge.
The group and team must be real that help for business process towards the growth or
development. Waitrose supermarket, Manager can choose the right person to understand the
norms of conducts (Yang and Wei, 2018). In this way, it supports to the organizations to expand
the business all over the world.
Effective team have established the clear goals and vision. All the team members are
participated to perform different operations. They needed to decided if the objective was
competitive and beneficial for organization.
On the other hand, Ineffective team doesn't have appropriate goals to understand the
requirement of business (Schaerer and et.al., 2018). In this way, they become failure and not
fulfill the demand of people in marketplace. Sometimes, All team members were not shows their
practices and performance in the business.
There are different type of effective team that could help for increasing the business operations
and functions.
 Cross functional team- A cross functional team is managed the entire business functions
such as sales, production, finance, legal etc. It is the strength of team to participate in the
operations according to their background, experience etc. It is also diversified solve the
problem through experience(Woods and et.al., 2018). For Example- Finance is
interconnected with the marketing team where they are understands the need and

requirement. It also calculates the overall budget of marketing or promotions. In this
way, it occurs cross functional team to do task between different departments. Virtual team- It is individual group of people working together the specific common
goals but difference places because many peoples are in different zone. This type of team
is the low cost and maintain the money as well as time. Virtual time is increases the
flexibility in between the members(Woods and et.al., 2018). This team is possible to
increase the communication and technology such as Worldwide internet, email and video
conferencing etc.
Tuckman team development theory-
This model is generally used for explanation of team development and their behavior.
Tuckman model is explained that the term develops through ability, maturity, leader change,
established relationship and style etc. These are required for development of effective team that
helpful for business development process. Initially, it is directing the style and also moving
through another professions (Yang and Wei, 2018). At that point, Team member may produced
the successor manager and leaders that can develop a strong team. There are four type of feature
discuss.
 Forming- It is starting phase when leader provide the guidance and direction related the
goals. Leader must be prepared an appropriate list to determine the aim, objective,
purpose and external relationship(Yang and Wei, 2018). There is some little agreement
on the team and then received through leaders.
 Storming- This is the second stage where decision doesn't come easily with the group or
team. Every team members are participated for maintain their position and they attempt
to establish themselves in the relation to another team members. It might receive the
challenges for the other members. In this way, it is needed for team to focus on their
specific goals and objectives (Yang and Wei, 2018). Team members are trying to avoid
the distraction by the emotional issues and relationship. It may be comprises to enable the
success and progress.
 Norming- This is third stage where consensus and agreement largely forms the different
team, they also respond well to facilitation by the leader and manager. Leader may
planning a fun and social activities to other members so that they can enjoy and free to

achieve goals (Woods and et.al., 2018) . Every member are discussed to develop the
process and their working style. It directly reflects on the growth and development.
 Performing- This type of stage is based on the strategic where members are aware about
the specific vision and goals. They also share their own vision to the leaders which able
to stand on its own feet with no interference of leaders. It is concerned on over achieving
objectives, and group makes the right decision against the leaders.

Belbin team Model-
This type of team model is quiet prescriptive when building team which requires specific
role of theories in development. A team must be consists of various role to achieve the maximum
performance. Team role is described the behavior that recognize when all people are worked
together (Podsakoff, Morrison and Martinez, 2018).
For Example- There are large number of ways to use the results of belbin. It can identify
structure of team, team role, individual performance etc. This model allows analyzing the
identification of other roles. Sometimes, It is important for manager to divide the individual role
of employee according to skill and knowledge. Organization want to develop their people to
increase the productivity and profitability in marketplace.
M3 Analyse the relevant team and group development theories to support the development of
dynamic business.
According to Belbin model and theory, it is determined that team development theories
help for managing the business operations in appropriate manner. It is generally explained the
different procedures to handle the business. This will help for developing team by using ability,
maturity, leader change, established relationship and style etc. In Waitrose firm, manager is
identified the effective team that can perform different task in effective manner.
Motivational theory is also applied in the dynamic business development to expand the
enterprise all over the world.
P4 Apply the concepts and philosophies of organizational context and given business situation
Organizational behavior is the case study about how people act in a company at
workplace and what motivates them to act in different ways. It is important for waitrose to
manage the business operations and functions. There are some fundamental concepts applicable
in the organizational behavior such as Individual Difference, Perception, Motivated Behavior
and Desire of Involvement etc. Manager needs to understand the key aspects of organizational
behavior (Eissa, Lester and Gupta, 2019). It is needed for business process to use the appropriate
philosophies in the organization to manage the business situations in effective manner.
Philosophy is the direct behavior across the business where employee consistently use the
organization's philosophy for making the accurate decision on daily basis. Employee believes
that their concepts distinguish their business from others.

Path Goal Theory-
Path goal theory is a type of leadership theory that use in the organization to provide the
right direction this theory is based on specifying the style of leaders and behavior that already fits
the employee in order to achieve the goals and objectives. It is the best process in which manager
select the appropriate behavior suitable for the employee's requirement and their working
environment (Amado and Amato, 2018). In waitrose supermarket, Manager assume the
flexibility and they can also change their style according to situation or conditions. An effective
manager clarify the path to help their team members achieve their goals. It easier for worker to
reduce the pitfalls and roadblocks. There are four different type of leadership style.
 Directive- Manager provide the right direction to the employee because they know what
is expected of them. It also set the performance standards. They always trying to control
the behavior when the performance standards are not met the criteria. This type of style is
based on the task oriented in the organization (Amado and Amato, 2018). Direction is an
important part of every business that help to give brief idea about the enterprise goals and
objectives. It is goal clarifying the leader behavior which refers to situations where leader
understand the expected things. It argues that the behavior which has the most positive
effect the worker.
 Supportive- It is needed for manager to create friendly behavior towards the employees
and display their personal concern for their requirement, well being and welfare. It is
based on the people oriented leadership (Amado and Amato, 2018). Supportive is a term
which necessary for enterprise to handle any type of complex situation in proper manner.
A supportive leader behavior directed towards the satisfaction of people needs the
references.
 Participative- The leader and manager believes in the group decision making and also
share the important information with their subordinates. Many leaders are consults with
the other colleagues for the purpose of decision making(Amado and Amato, 2018). In
this way, it is resolved all the goals and objectives. Participative leader involves to
consult with the employee and also asking for the suggesting before taking any decision
regarding the business.
 Achievement oriented- The target oriented leader behavior always refers to the
conditions and situations where they are set challenging goals for employee. They also

expect them to perform at highest level(Amado and Amato, 2018). The manager has
challenges related the goals and encourage the other employee to reach their highest
performance. Leader believes that other team members are responsible enough to
accomplish the challenging goals. It is totally as goals setting theory.
Illustration 3: Path Goal Theory
(Source: Path Goal Leadership theory. 2018 )

M4 Justify and evaluate a range of concepts and philosophies in how they inform and influence
the behaviour on both negative and positive ways.
It is true that concepts and philosophies are the criterias that always influence the
behavior of organizations in both positive and negative ways. Philosophy is based on the
leadership quality that specified the attitude of people how they will act and interact with other
people. Sometimes, it directly impacts on the employee performance, moral and productivity
because leaders are used the unique concept in terms of development and growth but
philosophies are bounded the employee on their specific task that directly affect the efficiency
and performance (Bauer and et.al., 2018). It is required for manager to give freedom to do their
task with full of perfection.
On the other hand, it is positively impacted on the business where leaders known about
the certain vision and mission of business. In this way, they mainly focused towards their task. In
this way, employee has become task oriented to interact with other people and shows the concern
towards the business development.
D2 Evaluate the relevance of theories regarding the team development in organizational
behaviour philosophies and concept that influence behaviour at workplace.
Team development theories are affected the organizational behavior where employee
influence with the people to manage the business operations and functions. It is used the tuckman
theory which help for team development in the business process. Managers are needed to
identify the requirement of team members because lack of communication directly impact on the
business growth and development (Bauer and et.al., 2018. On the other hand, Each and every
employee has unique behavior and attitude towards the business goals and objectives. Path Goal
theory is another philosophy that influence the behavior of employee at workplace.

CONCLUSION
As per discussion, it concluded that Organizational behavior is a type of human behavior
and how they react on the business operations and functions. It is also identified the importance
of dynamic group in the enterprise productivity. Waitrose is based on the supermarket that
operates a retail business which is the largest of employee owned type business. It summarized
that how the organizational culture, power, politics that motivate the individual team and their
performance. There are some process and content motivational theories or technique that enable
to achieve effective goals. However, it also understands that what make an effective team
opposed to ineffective team or group. Furthermore, discuss about the different philosophies and
concepts of organizational.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
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Chan, L., 2018. Positive Organizational Leadership: Some Recent Findings in Positive
Organizational Scholarship.
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ready organizations. Corporate culture, Management, Leadership, Job redesign,
Organizational Behavior, Innovation, Change Management, Human Resources, VUCA.
Eissa, G., Lester, S.W. and Gupta, R., 2019. Interpersonal Deviance and Abusive Supervision:
The Mediating Role of Supervisor Negative Emotions and the Moderating Role of
Subordinate Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Journal of Business Ethics pp.1-18.
Gagné, M., 2018. From strategy to action: transforming organizational goals into organizational
behavior. International Journal of Management Reviews. 20. pp.S83-S104.
Podsakoff, N.P., Morrison, E.W. and Martinez, T.M., 2018. The Role of a Good Soldier: A
Review of Research on Organizational Citizenship Behavior Role Perceptions and
Recommendations for the Future Research. The Oxford Handbook of Organizational
Citizenship Behavior p.1904.
Schaerer, M. and et.al., 2018. Contextualizing social power research within organizational
behavior. The self at work: Fundamental theory and research. pp.194-221.
Woods, S.A. and et.al., 2018. Innovative work behavior and personality traits: Examining the
moderating effects of organizational tenure. Journal of Managerial Psychology. 33(1).
pp.29-42.
Yang, Q. and Wei, H., 2018. The impact of ethical leadership on organizational citizenship
behavior: The moderating role of workplace ostracism. Leadership & Organization
Development Journal. 39(1). pp.100-113.

Online
Maslow's Hierarchy of Need. 2018. [Online] Available
through:<https://www.simplypsychology.org/maslow.html>
Vroom's Expectancy theory. 2018. [Online] Available
through:<https://www.tankonyvtar.hu/en/tartalom/tamop412A/2011-0023_Psychology/
030300.html>
Path Goal Leadership theory. 2018. [Online] Available
through:<https://www.managementstudyguide.com/images/houses-path-goal-theory.gif>
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