Impact of Power, Culture, and Politics on Organisational Behaviour

This report explores the impact of power, culture, and politics on organisational behaviour using Virgin Media UK as a case study. It discusses the influence of power on individual and team performance, the effects of culture on individuals and teams, and the negative implications of politics on productivity. The report also examines motivational theories and their application in enhancing employee performance.

Organisational Behaviour

INTRODUCTION
Organisational behaviour is defined as the area in which study of behaviour
within individual and intrinsic environment is performed. OB includes relationship
between organisation and individual working in. Organisational behaviour is the
reflection of growth of the company. There are two types of working styles are seen
in business one is efficient working and another one is inefficient; these both are
having direct implications on task completion in considerable manner. In order to
succeed business in most effectual manner OB provides reflection of relationship
between employees and higher management personnel. This report is prepared so
as to understand these concepts of OB in the background of Virgin Media UK. Virgin
Media UK is a British telecommunication provider company headquartered in United
Kingdom. This report comprises impact of power, culture, politics of organisational
enactment and policies (McShane and et. al., 2018).
TASK 1
P1
The culture, power and politics of an entity are having high implications on
team and team presentation in considerable manner. These aspects are having high
influence on existence and development of industry in adverse and positive manner.
Power is the factor in which affects working behaviour of the business and individual
in direct manner. The manager of Virgin Media UK is having power to influence
employees’ operational performance so as to provide them direction towards
achievement of business goals in advantageous manner.
Influence of power
Power is the factor which is hold by managers in a business so as to guide
their subordinates and enhance their productivity there on. Power is assisting the
business in completion of business objectives in considerable manner so as to gain
prominent market position. Within power business related decisions are framed in
which leader and manager delegate responsibility within various departments and
motivates employees by which they perform in a better way in which overall
objectives can be achieved. Power is having positive implications on objectives of
the business by which welfare of the company can be performed so as to take

various decisions (Wehn and Montalvo, 2018). Power is helpful in minimising
employee absenteeism and enhances employee retention so as to provide high
results to the business. As in background of Virgin Media UK, there are numerous
theories of power used in the company by which influence on individual and
organisation can be drawn. These theories are elucidated as below:
Coercive power: Coercive power is hold for the purpose of punishing and
terminating employee form working tenure. In Virgin Media UK this power is passed
on to upper level management department for instance CEO of the company and
their managers. This is termed as a negative power so used at a minimum interval in
order to create high scope of maximum output form working employee (Chang and
et. al., 2016).
Reward power: This power is delegated to the single person for the major
purpose of providing highest rewards and other advantages to the working
employees for their extraordinary performance. Board of director of company is using
this power single headedly. In the context of Virgin Media UK, this power is helpful in
assisting managers permissible to motivate employees with the main purpose to
enhance their presentation and this will help the employee to receive high amount of
rewards by which influence on performance can be drawn.
Legitimate power: This power is helpful in delegating work load as according to
the position hold by the person within business organisation. This power is having
variations form level to level position, as in framework of Virgin Media UK, CEO is
using legitimating power as they having role to control overall employees by which
flow of appropriate monitoring can be drawn which is helpful for the business to
enhance productivity and overall profitability (Azeez and Genty, 2018).
Referent power: This is referred as the power by which high ability to persuade
employees are provided in order to manage their business behaviour. In Virgin
Media UK leader and manager is having this power to boost confidence within
employees. This is helping the company in increasing working performance and their
loyalty in team so as to enhance overall performance so as to get high results on
output.

Expert power: This power is given within those personnel who are having
appropriate expertise and awareness within specific field. In Virgin Media UK this
power is utilised by managers who are able to handle complex situation so as to
casing appropriate manner. This power is helpful in solving problem of employees
and enhancing satisfaction of employees in desired manner.
Informational power: This power is used to delegate task within trustworthy
employees in the business so as to mitigate leakage of crucial and valuable
evidence concerning financial performance and other activities. In the context of
Virgin Media UK this power is executed by finance head as they are responsible to
uphold confidentiality in the business regarding accounting details by which any
material misstatement can be avoided (Leithy, 2017).
Influence of politics on individual and team
Politics is referred as adoption of formal and unceremonious strategies in the
business so as to have implications on business activities and market goodwill as
well. With the main purpose to take effective decisions, manager of Virgin Media UK
is controlling internal environment in such a way that any sort of politics can be
avoided by which overall productivity can be enhanced. Politics is having negative
implications on productivity and many more factors which are elaborated as under:
Decrease in productiveness: Those workforces who are associated in
intrinsic politics may not be able to accomplish in more operative manner.
Organisational politics generates high undesirable environment in the business by
which efficiency can be diminished and market image can be affected as well. Some
employees in the business are less emphasised on their own duties so this lead
them to find out errors and mistakes by which they are not able to focus on their own
performance and their image get tarnished.
Spoilage of ambience: When an organisation is having politics in their
culture then this can impact the working environment in adverse manner and render
high value of mismanagement in promises. Politics is having negative implications
on the relationship of inter level management such as between upper level and lower
level.

Change in employee attitude: Change in personal attitude is another
disadvantage of politics by which business can lose dedicated and skilled
employees. In the context of Virgin Media UK politics may result into generation of
informal groups by which rigidity can be seen that bound employees in performing in
better way and overall productivity decreases.
Influence of culture on individual and team: Culture is categorised as
those values by which working employees get their direction over attitude and
behaviour so as to follow them strictly. . The working culture of Virgin Media UK can
be described with the assistance of Handy’s typology approach, which is elucidated
as under:
Power culture: This is delegated to upper level individuals in the businesses
that are having power to control employees. In the context of Virgin Media UK very
few upper level personnel is having this power as this power is given to holding
position. This type of culture is helpful for employees in enhancing their performance
in which guidance is rendered form experienced person.
Role culture: This culture is denoted by rendering duties as per the role hold
within business. In the context of Virgin Media UK manager and leaders are playing
vital role of role delegation and rendering responsibilities. These roles are given as
per possessed skill set and hold qualities by which self-confidence of employees can
be boosted and results can be seen in overall output (Indiyati, 2018).
Person culture: Within this kind of culture promotion and job recognition is
dependent on getting opportunities of showcasing talent and enhances chances of
embellishment. In the context of Virgin Media UK this culture is helpful in employees
to share innovative ideas and help the company to receive competitive edge within
covered market. This value is giving positive inside environment in the business by
which overall performance and productivity can be enhanced.
Task culture: Within this culture the attentiveness is emphasised on
motivating and influencing employees so as to obtain best output so as to render
high end benefits to the business for long term. In the perspective of Virgin Media UK
leader is executing their functions so as to provide benefits to their team and to
encourage overall profitability within short time period.

Influence of power, culture and politics on individual and team performance
and enactment
Individual performance
and enactment
Team performance and
enactment
POWER When roles and
accountabilities within an
organisation is not
appropriately delegated
then this may have high
implications on
performance of individual
and business as well in
negative manner. Due to
mishandling in work
delegation then task
provided will be completed
in hindered manner by
which negative impact on
overall performance can
be seen.
When business exhibits
unwanted power then this
is having negative
implications on behaviour
of individual by which
lesser productivity can be
obtained by the business.
This lead the business to
suffer performance of
overall team and
individuals.
CULTURE When power within
organisation is passed on
to irresponsible person
then working environment
can be ruined by which
dissatisfaction among
employee can be
obtained. Inappropriate
Due to variations in
intrinsic culture team and
individuals are required to
familiarise organisational
changes in positive
manner by which business
can have high productivity
be attained. In the

culture leads to rigidness
within employee towards
any change by which
overall performance can
be hampered in negative
manner.
business changes
adaption can lead the
business to achieve
business goals in timely
manner (Akgunduz, Dalgic
and Kale, 2016).
POLITICS When employees are
associated in inner politics
then output can be
decreased by which
behaviour can be
influenced that is having
negative implications on
performance and goodwill
of the company. This
exhibits employee
dissatisfaction by which
overall business
performance can be
tarnished.
When the employee are
highly involved in
organisational politics then
team efficacy can be
decreased by which
employee can be
dissatisfied form their job.
Politics lead to have
negative performance of
the employees as within
bounded environment full
efficiency cannot be drawn
Task 2
P2
Motivation is the most vital factor for employees in order to make them
capable to achieve individual and business goals at collective level. This is having
high positive impacts on performance of employees as with the help of high
motivation capabilities can be enhanced. If the workforce is highly motivated then
success path can be obtained by the employees by whom goals can be attained in
considerable way. Motivational theories are elucidated as beneath:

Content theory: This is described within all those factors at which any
caused changes are regarding demands of employees’ objectives. Within this
context Virgin Media UK is examining all those factors by which motivation can be
rendered to their employees that are enumerated in detailed as below:
Maslow’s need hierarchy approach: This model of motivation includes five
factors with the help of those overall demand and need of an individual is recognised
on priority basis. Further this theory defines required motivation for employees in
order to meet their needs and demands for every emerging change. This is the
nature of human being that new demand emerges right after obtaining old one. So
this theory is having a hierarchy under which needs are enumerated on priority basis
(Inuwa, 2016). Substances of Maslow’s need theory are described as under:
Psychological needs: Within this kind of need basic requirement such as
water, shelter, food etc. are included. These needs are known to be common and
fundamental needs by which employees of Virgin Media UK are supposed to
recognise those needs so as to take out maximum output and enhance their way of
working in that manner in which they can satisfy their basic needs. Within the
manager of Virgin Media UK is required to recognise these requirement of basic
need for their employees so as to enhance overall performance and obtain employee
satisfaction thereon.
Safety and security needs: These needs are related to job security and job
safety. Under this safety measures within job are examined by employees. In the
context of Virgin Media UK manager of company is required to give all the safety
measure to their employee so as to enhance trust for the company. With the help of
high trust for the company employee engagement can be improvised by which
impact on business efficacy in direct manner can be enumerated. This is helpful in
encouraging employee for performing with high efficiency which is having positive
implication on overall business performance (Lee, Tui and Sharif, 2016).
Social needs: These needs are associated with social interaction and beliefs.
The manager of Virgin Media UK is maintaining effective communication with their
employees by which they are able to meet social needs of their employees. This is
having positive implications on increasing performance of the business and helps the
business in achieving overall objectives in considerable way.

Esteem needs: These needs are associated with appreciation and
performance assessments in the business organisation. The manager of Virgin
Media UK is emphasised on inspiring their employees by giving them proper rewards
for their extraordinary performance. With the help of distributing fair rewards
employee may be able to perform with their full efficacy and this help the business in
achieving overall objectives in timely manner.
Self-actualisation needs: These needs are accompanying with those needs
by which internal satisfaction can be enumerated. These needs are catalyst for
individual performance in which path of individual goal can be created that can be
helpful foe the business to achieve their objective in proper manner.
Process theory: This theory is applicable within psychological manner and
behaviour processes. Besides this the theory is having role to recognise needs and
overall requirement of individual by and those aspects by which their performance
can be affected. In the context of Virgin Media UK the manager is putting their efforts
to exhibit high amount of motivation in employees so as to meet needs and demands
of workforce. For this, they implement Vroom expectancy theory which is concisely
labelled as under:
Vroom's expectancy theory: This theory was propounded in order to
recognise those factors which are playing effective role in obtaining motivation and to
enhance performance of individual. This theory is having assumption that enactment
and contribution level within employees is highly dependent on various factors such
as personality, skill and individual knowledge. These help the individual to stay
motivated and enhance their own operational efficiency. In the context of Virgin
Media UK they have adapted particular aspects such as expectancy, instrumentality
and valance, with the help of these factors collective goals within individual and
professional level can be achieved (Tam and Gray, 2016).
TASK 3
P3
In the business the major resource is its workforce by whom development and
achievements can be enumerated. Within this manner, this is essential to retain
employees as they are having appropriate information and required competency

which can be helpful for the business in accomplishing business objectives in
predefined time frame. Furthermore in order to achieve sustainability within
competitive market this is essential for the business to allocate team in such a way
that it cover all the skills and capabilities hold by employees. In the context of Virgin
Media UK, manager is having high focus on enhancing contribution of employees
and for this they are giving apt promotion and rewards to them. As it has been
observed that in business team is having flexible role at which employee
performance can be improvised and this results in providing benefits to the company.
Here are the a few dissimilarities among effective and ineffective team:
Here are the a few Qualities which are required by Virgin Media UK to figure an
operative team are represented as under:
Shared participation: The most essential aspect to shape a team in effective
team is to establish effective communication and eradicate communication barriers.
By this all the employees can stay inspired and perform their provided task in
appropriate manner. This is the aspect by which conflicts can be eliminated within
teams and meaningless argument can be avoided. Thus it can be concluded that
mutual efforts provided by employee is helpful for the company to enhance overall
productivity.
Balanced roles: This is known to be the another aspect in which workers are
given appropriate roles within organisation so as to provide them path of strategy
implementation in order to make the goal achievement path more effective.
Furthermore with the help of this aspect contribution of every employee can be
calculated by manager and this is helpful for them to recognise actual position.
Better communication: Communication is the bridge between employee and
business, with the help of effective communication loyalty and engagement can be
enhanced by employees. Communication helps the business to maintain
transparency by which direction can be given to employee in order to achieve goals
of business in desired manner (Hosain, 2019).

Tuckman and Jensen's model of group:
This model is used in introduction stage so as to render coordination within
employees and enhance their trust, collaboration and power. This integrates four
segments which are given as under:
Forming: This stage is associated with gathering of individual in order to form
group so as to render communication and delegation by the team leader. In the
context of Virgin Media UK the manager is responsible for making teams and
allocating job roles so as to subsistence duties in order to develop results and
purposes in more effective manner.
Storming: Within this stage, leaders of Virgin Media UK motivates their
employees to enhance their contribution by giving new and emerging ideas that
could be useful for the business to get prominent market position.
Norming: Within this stage coordination starts in groups and they start to
support each other. This enhances healthy working environment of the company.
Performing: This stage involves building up bonds within employees by which
they get connected to the business in such a way that goals can be achieved in
proper manner.
TASK 4
P4
Path Goal Theory of Leadership: This hypothesis was propounded in the
year 1974 by House Mitchell in which ways to achieve overall business objectives is
enumerated. With the help of this hypothesis better output can be taken out from
employees. This is dependent on Victor's Vroom hypothesis which referred as the
involvement established by employees be contingent on the actions applied in
support of them (Anning, 2018).
With the help of this hypothesis, Virgin Media UK can enhance working
behaviour of employees in a manner by boosting motivation. For example manager
examines capabilities of individuals so that to make them aware about objectives of
business. Virgin Media UK is required to use participative leadership style so as to
provide direction to employee regarding goal setting.

Arrangement of Path goal theory model:
Employees’ characteristics: With the help of this hypothesis the manager is
required to analyse expertise and capacities of employees so as to allocate them
their role accordingly by which overall performance can be improvised. In the context
of Virgin Media UK the leader is making plans and policies and not taking any
feedback form their employees. This is the situation of demotivation by which
unhealthy working environment can be created. So for the manager this is required
to understand that in order to enhance employee’s loyalty, they must be included in
decision making process.
Task and environmental characteristics: Within this hypothesis manager is
required to examine inadequacies of individual and team. Similarly leader is required
to undertake environmental issues so as to resolve those issues. Here are some
features of composite task that could bring demoralisation among workforces thus
must be determined by leaders:
Design of task: This is significant for the manager to communicate their
employees regarding their job role and position so as to convey their right positions.
This is required that legitimate decisions are taken by the manager in most effective
manner so as to inspire employee to work for business goals.
Formal power framework: Leaders are required to put their target on
workers and their role so as to avoid any vulnerability and enhance control over the
business.
Team work: Employees are required to motivate for team work and this is
helpful for the business to achieve overall objectives in the given time frame. Leader
is having prominent role to establish healthy relations among employees so as to
bring positive outcomes for the business (Wan, 2016).
Leadership styles: It includes various leadership classes which can be
applied by leaders so as to achieve pre-defined intentions and goals of the business.
It can be additionally labelled as under:
 Directive: This style of leadership provides guidance to employees within
their working so as to complete their given task. Within this dissatisfaction is

obtained between employees and by which employee turnover may be
increased.
 Participative: Within this style all the employees are included so as enhance
their viability and enhance power of self-assurance. This leadership style is
rendering high retention of employees by which general presentation of the
corporate can be improvised.
CONCLUSION
Form the above detailed report it can be concluded that management of a
business is having prominent role so as to manage whole workforce and employee
behaviour. This is a vital role played by them which is having direct implications on
productivity and profitability. For this manager is required to examine culture, power
and politics so as to motivate staff and promote healthy environment in order to
manage working in prominent manner. Furthermore with the help of vroom and
Maslow theory motivation can be exhibited in employee that can help the business to
obtain desired output thereon (Whelan, 2016).

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