Organisational Behaviour: Impact of Culture, Power, Politics, Motivation Theories and Models on Waitrose

This report analyses the impact of organisational culture, power, politics, and motivational theories on individual and team performance in Waitrose. It evaluates content and process theories of motivation and approaches to effective goal attainment. It also critically evaluates how to influence the behaviour of others through the effective application of behavioural motivational theories, concepts, and models.

Organisational
Behaviour

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
P1 Influence of organisation culture, power, and politics on individual and team performance.
.....................................................................................................................................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................7
P2) Evaluate how content & process theories of motivation and motivational techniques,
access in effective attainment of goals in an organisational context...........................................7
Critically evaluate how to influence the behaviour of others through the effective application
of behavioural motivational theories, concepts & models........................................................10
TASK 3..........................................................................................................................................11
P3) Demonstrate an understanding of what can establish an effective team, as opposed to an
ineffective team.........................................................................................................................11
Task 4 ............................................................................................................................................14
P4 Concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour......................................................14
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................16
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................17

INTRODUCTION
Organisational behaviour is the academic study that analyse how people intact within the
groups and this is being applied basically to attempts and make the business more effective. This
also shows how the people are behaviour to each other within the organisation in order to
accomplish the various task within the organisation with the sole aim of having effective
working within the premises(El-Maghrabi and et. al., 2018). It also access in knowing the
various factor which are related to the employees, work performance and also helps the company
to have the strong brand recognisance within the market. Waitrose is the respective business
venture for this respective report, it is the British supermarkets company that is established in
1904 by Wallace waite, Arthur Rose and David Taylor. They are dealing in selling groceries and
its headquarter is in Bracknell and Victoria, England. This respective report will analyse the
major impact of culture, politics & power within the organisation and various motivational and
philosophies in relation to the organisational behaviour.
TASK 1
P1 Impact of organisation culture, power, & politics on people & team performance.
Organisational culture is the major aspects which ensures the effective working by
analyse the organisational culture, politics and individual team performance within the
workplace. It is the factors which shows the positive & negative impact on the overall
performance of the company.
Influence of power on individual & team
Power is the ability which influence the behaviour of other without using a variety of
tactics to promote the action within the operation areas. People with power are able to influence
the behaviour of others in order to attain the goal of the company. Individual or the team is being
major affected with the power as it gives the authority to the people to take decisions and impose
the change within the process and procedure of the company. In context to Waitrose, there are
certain theories which is being used and these are illustrated below:

Illustration 1: The 5 types of power effective leaders use,2021
 Coercive power- It is the power which is assigned to the people for accessing and
accessing the daily task of the workers. In context to Waitrose, the power is given to the
manager and the directors which ensures the effectiveness of the given work to every
individual.
 Legitimate power- It is the type of power which is being received when the individual is
occupy to specific position within the company. Type of power which is being recognised
by the subordinates within the Waitrose and that why all the work is being done on the in
well hierarchical organisations.
 Expert power- It is the type of power which comes by having extensive experience and
core technical knowledge in their field. It gives the ability to the individual to influence
its employees at all level of organisation. This also ensures the growth and development
within the Waitrose.
 Referent power- It is power which is given to the people in order to impact the
behaviour of the people. Waitrose is giving this power to the leader & the manager so
that they can influence the employees further for their better performance.
 Informational power- It is the power that is being influenced by the person having
ability to access the information related to the financial reports. Waitrose giving power to

the head members of the company which also shows the overall brand image of the
company.
 Reward power- It is power which defines as the capacity in order to offer the rewards or
the certain benefits in exchanging various task to be carried out or the task to achieve the
various task within the organisation. Rewards comes in the form of raises, benefits and
public praise and some time this type of power is not always effective to some leaders.
Influence of politics on individual & team
Politics refers to the irrational behaviour of the people at the workplace in order to have
the advantage that are not in the control from the senior. As nobody have gained the prospective
out of politics, just it leads to a negative environment within the organisation. There are various
factors which enlist the influence of polices with in the Waitrose on team and individual are
given below:
 Decrease in the productivity- This is been seen that politics get the negatively
influencing environment within the company and this can leads to vanish the sole &
target of the firms which they want to attain in the specific time period.
 Spoils the working enviroment- Politics bring the ineffective business environment
within the venture and this also leads to spoils the employees relationships with employer
and the employees.
 Variation in attitude of employees- Politics can be vary the thinking of the employees
& it also bring the equality at the workplace. With this, employees loose its interest at the
given job role.
Influence of culture on individual & team
It is the major consideration which affects value of the venture. On otherhand, the
organisational culture of Waitrose is bing build with the effective contribution of the workers.
Culture is being accessed with the help of Handy's cultural typology model and being divided in
to four parts which are given below:
 Power culture- It is the aspects which contribute to the centralised control within the
operational areas of Waitrose and work on the large scale. They are having the authority
to monitor its employees by which they can enhance the company's performance. If
company follows this culture, it will have all the power in the hands of top level
management only and they have the authority to make the decisions.

 Role culture- This is the sole duty of the manager of Waitrose and also have the power
to assign various roles of its workers according to their skills and knowledge. If Waitrose
follows this culture, then there will be delegation of the roles and responsibilities to the
people as per their specifications and educational qualifications.
 Person culture- It access the ample of opportunities for showcasing their abilities in
order to motivate the employees within the organisation. Herein, if Waitrose follows this
culture, then the personnel of the business works as if they are more important to the
company and does not bother to have concern about the company.
 Task culture- It helps in motivating the employees by which they give their best in
attaining the particular task of the company. This culture if it is followed in Waitrose then
the roles of employees will be distributed as per their working in the task and teams are
formed for the specific task only.
Illustration 2: Handy Model of Organisational Culture,2022
Impact of power, culture and politics on individual & team behaviour & performance
Individual behaviour and
performance
Team behaviour and
performance

Power It is seen that more powerful
people and less effective in
their given task which require
better coordination with the
employees. It is the power
which is being given within
the particular period of time.
When the given power is
being aces to have the
workflow then it affect the
overall performance of the
workers which can leads to
loose the interest of them.
Culture When the power is given to
wrong person then it leads to
establish the inappropriate
working environment and
employees start demotivated
which bring delay in the given
task,
Change in the culture of the
working leads to have change
in the working styles of the
employees and they starts
ineffectiveness within the
various operations areas.
Politics When the employees facing
politics within the workplace
then its leads to have the
negative working environment
and also bring conflict among
the employees.
When the team and the
individual get the politics
within the company then it
leads to impact the overall
performance of the company.
TASK 2
P2) Evaluate how content and process theories of motivation & motivational approaches, access
in effective attainment of goals in an organisational relation.
Content theory of motivation: It is the theory which explains the change in the human
wants and needs with the change in the time. Waitrose is using the content theory which leads to
have the effective performance of the company and some of the content theory are given below:
Maslow's theory of motivation:

It is the theory that states that there are five human needs which is being derived in the
individual behaviour. These needs are physiological needs, safety need, love & belongingness
needs, esteem needs & self-actualisation needs(The Hierarchy of Human Needs: Maslow’s Model
of Motivation. 2018). In context to Waitrose, they are accessing the various needs of the
individual which are explained as follows:
 Physiological need: It is the need which involves food, water, shelter & clothing and it is
the basic needs that needs to be fulfilled. Safety need: It includes the protection from the violence & theft, well-being, health
security & financial security within the workplace which must be fulfilled(Coccia, 2020). Love and belonging need: It is the third stage of need which is related to the stability in
life, security of life which includes the trust, believe and faith. Self- esteem: It is the self respect & the appreciation, feeling of the people which is
helpful and valued for the individual.
 Self-actualisation: This is the belief of the individual in which they are having
everything & can do any task in their life & help each other to do more effective. This
Illustration 3: Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs,2020

shows the stability, capabilities and effective working of the employees for the
organsiation.
Waitrose is using this theory which fulfil the needs in fulfilling after it leads to build the
confidence and strength for the workers which also reflects the overall performance of the
company.
Herzberg's two-factor theory of motivation: There are factors that affects the overall
performance of the company in context to satisfaction or the dissatisfaction for that Herberg's
varry that there are two aspects that one is hygiene factor & other factor is motivation and these
are given below: Hygiene factor: It is the factor that includes payments, security of job, policies of
company, job security and working conditions, status symbol, rules and regulations which
helps in the motivation of the employees and give satisfaction.
 Motivation factor: It is the factor which leads to have the positive impact within the
business and also leads to have the better performance of the company. This build
strength and confidence within the employees. These includes growth and development
and the certain factors which are having the job satisfaction out of all the factors which
act independently.
It is the theory which includes both the factors and having major consideration in order to
satisfy the employees at the given job role and leads to attains the goal of Waitrose for their
growth and development.
Process theory of motivation: It is the given theory that motivate the worker to operate the
employees in certain way which involves the individual's behaviour can be change as per the
needs in order to attain the goal. In context to Waitrose, following are the process theory of
motivation given below:
Vroom expectancy theory: It is the theory which refers to the change in the individual
mindset as per their needs. They influence themselves for attaining the goal. As per this theory,
Vroom analyse that skills, ability, experience and knowledge is being influence the overall
employee's performance. Motivation includes the expectancy, instrumentality and valence.
Expectancy deals in the working of the employees and also leads to have right job, resources and
support the job. Instrumentality shows that the output is dependent on the working and better
work leads to get good outcome. Valance basically deals in the rewards and after conducting the

task can individual may get desirable outcome or not. Waitrose can accessthis theory in order to
influence the overall performance as per the efforts of the employees.
Illustration 4: Expectancy Theory of Motivation and Decision
Making,2021
Goal-setting theory:It is the theory that involve the implementation of development plan
which leads to motivate the person so that they can work in the right direction to reach to their
desired goal. It influence the individual that how the individual have the attains certain objectives
and work in the changing environment (Antonakis and House, 2020). Self-sufficiency is the
factor which defines the potential of the individual which is related to the performance and also
depends on the confidence, belief etc. this is completely depends upon the efforts. Other factor is
goal commitment which is dedication of the individual in order to achieve the target ad also
affects the overall performance of the company. Waitrose access this commitment in order to
achieve the desired goal which clears the path of success in order to have the better results.
Critically evaluate how to influence the behaviour of other people with the effective application
of behavioural motivational theories, concepts and models.
As the Waitrose is using Maslow's theory of motivation and vroom expectancy theory in
order to influence the workers. Maslow's theory helps in understanding the needs of the
individual in order to full fill them. Where as Vroom theory deals in the final outcome and the
overall performance of the company as the people get the outcome in context to the rewards as
per the efforts of the individual so that they can have the effective reach to the goal of the
company.

TASK 3
P3) Illustrate an understanding of what can establish an effective team, as opposition to an
ineffective team
Effective team: As the team is being defined as the group of people who all work
together in order to attain the set target, goal, objectives for the person and the company. On
other hand, effective team refers to the ability of team in order to attains the target in an
appropriate manner(Rowold, 2020). This also increase in which the people are having strong
believe among the team members which work together.
Characteristic of effective team:
There are some of the attributes of the effective team and these are given below: More focused:All the employees are dedicated for attaining the goal of the company with
the sole aim of having output within the departments. Clear goals:As the effective team is having the clear goals and they both work altogether
in order to reach the goal of the company.
 Communication:It is the signifiant approach in which the right information is being pass
to the right person to make them understand.
Factor of effective team: Clear roles and responsibility: In order to form the effective team, the individual must
have the easy delegation by which each employees is known with their duties and task to
be performed and in such way all the duties can be form the effective team. Leadership: Manager must be clear with the certain goals and rightly train their
employees and also motivate their employees by which they can have the better working. Clear objectives:It is known that every organisation is having the clear goals by which
they are an effective team can be formed with the sole aim of having better output within
the company.
Ineffective team:
It is team which conflicts-ridden, filled with distrust an also not focuses on the positive
aspect of the company. These all conditions manifest the high turnover and considerable
frustration level etc.
Characteristic of ineffective team:
There are certain attributes of the ineffective team which are given below:

 Lack of trust & believe: Ineffective team leads to have the lack of trust and believe
within the organisation(Laforet, 2022).
 Lack of effective communication: Ineffective team is being formed with the foundation
of ineffective communication among the team members.
Aspects of ineffective team: Poor time management: when the people are not working in the team then its leads delay
in accomplishment of task. Ineffective interaction: when the employees not having proper interaction then it leads to
ineffective team.
Difference between effective and ineffective team:
Effective team Ineffective team
Objectives Specific and clear goals which leads
to have better objectives.
Unclear targets
Management Structured and proper channel Inappropriate hierarchy
Roles and responsibility It also leads to have proper roles and
responsibilities which leads to have
better employees.
It is the roles and responsibility
which creates uneven
environment.
Communication Effective & better communication Ineffective communication
Belbin theory: It is the theory which states that the own behaviour and they have the
specific roles by the team. By understanding the individual role in the team which also leads to
the development of strength & also understand the weakness that also affects the overall working
of the team. Belbin team roles which are various roles of the team that is being performed by the
individual and collectively turns in order to have the better team performance. There are various
Belbin team roles and these are given below:

Illustration 5: A Simple Game Highlights the FUNdamentals of Awesome Teams,2017
 Team worker: It is the team which deals and also handles the situation in an effective
manner. It also helps every employees to perform better and also leads to attains the goal
of the company. Belbin team roles are the various roles of team that worked by the
people and leads to have better performance of team(Kiatkawsin and Han, 2020). There
are some affects of the team performance are given below: Coordinator: These are the one who manage the team and also help them to attain the
goals. These are the one who is confident, calm & composed and innovative. It is the
main goals in order to analyse the team and also leads to have the better working. Specialist: These are the one who is having the in-depth knowledge of everything and
also helps the team by giving solutions for every situation. These are more committed
towards the given work, goals, self-confident and dedication. These are one who oversees
the team in order to reach to out to every problems and enhance the overall productivity.
 Implementer: These are the one who use to implement the appropriate strategy within
the team so that they can carry out the effective team. These are most practical person
who turn the idea in to reality to have the positive environment.

Task 4
P4 Concepts & philosophies of organisational behaviour
Path goal theory of leadership- It directs the management of the company in order to
adopt the appropriate leadership style and behaviour as per the overall working of the company
as per the needs of the employees(Gkorezis and Petridou, 2018). The main consideration of the
using such theory is to have the motivation in the staff and also leads to increase their overall
working behaviour. These aspects helps in receiving the set targets and objectives.
Illustration 6: Robert House’s Path-Goal Model,2022
This theory helps the Waitrose in analysing the attributes and the working pattern of the
workers that is also important for increasing the overall performance of the company. Hence, use
of such theory helps in analysing the capabilities of the employees that also makes easy for the
employees also for the company to have the better decision-making for the employees. Waitrose
can access participative leadership style that helps them to have the suggestions and feedbacks
from their staff and making good decisions.
Classification of path goal theory-
Employees characteristics- It helps the workers in acquiring the knowledge related to
the factors that also motivates the workers for their better performance. It involves training,

favourable working hours and rewards. In relation to Waitrose, the manager must analyse the
various aspects & meet the particular period of time by which they can enhance the staff
behaviour.
Task & environmental characteristics- This involves the activities which is to be
allocated to the staff as per the skills & knowledge so that they can maximum output in near
future. In context to Waitrose, manager must conduct the survey within the company so that they
can analyse the needs of conducting the task & achieve them within the given time period.
Leadership styles- It helps the leader or the manager in guiding and monitoring the
workers of the company. There are certain styles which leads to guide individual and these are
given below:
 Participative style- it is the style in which suggestion and feedback is being taken in to
consideration by the leader while decision-making which also leads to increase the
profitability of the company(Chevallier and et. al., 2020). The leader of Waitrose also
help the enhancing the overall retention of the employees and their overall contribution in
achieving the goals and objectives.
 Directive style- It is the leadership style in that the leader directs its employees in order
to follow their actions without any questions. In also helps the workers to follow the pre-
determined targets that get the negative influence on the overall working of the company.
Motivational factors: Workers gets the motivations when the company's goal and objectives are
being properly defined. This also helps in understanding the roles and duties of the them. With
this, they also give the maximum contribution for attaining the goals and objectives of the
company by getting the support from the administration and eliminating obstacles.

CONCLUSION
From the above report, it is concluded that the overall productivity and the performance
of the company is basically dependent upon the working behavioural approaches of the
employees and also having the motivation which is vital and can be done by applying Maslow,
Vroom expectancy theory of motivation etc. and other than this, team working get the better
outcome then the manager also being all the employees together and helps in identifying the
skills and capabilities. Furthermore, path goal theory is helpful in order to apply as it helps the
workers in proper guidance for attaining the goals and objective of the company.

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