Organizational Behaviour and Ethics

This assignment examines the relationship between organizational culture, justice, and ethical behavior in the workplace. Students are tasked with analyzing relevant theories and providing real-world examples to illustrate how these factors influence ethical decision-making. The assignment emphasizes critical thinking and application of knowledge from organizational behaviour literature.

Organisational Behaviour

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
PART 1............................................................................................................................................1
TASK 1...................................................................................................................................1
1 Influence of organizational , politics, power and culture within TESCO..........................1
TASK 2...................................................................................................................................4
2 Theories Of motivation that motivates individuals and team..............................................4
PART 2 ...........................................................................................................................................6
TASK 3...................................................................................................................................6
3 Factors that builds an effective team...................................................................................6
TASK 4.................................................................................................................................10
4 Philosophies and Concepts of OB.....................................................................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Organisational behaviour is a study of nature of human who are engage in working in the
same company. It can be said that organisation behaviour is quite interesting that examine the
relation of enterprise which is really hard and diffident to understand. TESCO PLC is a British
multinational grocery and known as retailer company which has so many stores in world wide.
TESCO has their headquarter in England. They are known as largest sellers in world by their
profit and revenue (Goh, Ritchie and Wang2017). Here, in this report has coverage of culture,
power and politics by which an organisation could be framed. Company's culture is bit dynamic
that are uncontrollable and politic will have capacity to creates problem in between to resolve it
some activities are conducted by an organisation. Apart from it to motivate employees dictator
will use motivational theories and techniques which helps in boosting productivity and moral of
workers. There are some concepts of OB that draws full attention on it and along with it factors
are included in this assignments which helps in framing a effective team or group in an
organisation.
PART 1
TASK 1
1 Influence of organizational , politics, power and culture within TESCO.
Each and every organisation are framed or consist three dynamic elements which are
interdependent and uncontrollable or unpredictable. These elements have capacity to make
impact on mind and behave of people whom are working in organisation so every company
needs to have sound values and working environments in which workers will feels secure and
free. On the other side Director of TESCO will examine culture of organisation in certain time
period to check effectiveness and hurdle exiting and future, and problems which are faced by
employee for it (Hall and et. al., 2016). It can also be said that there are so many things or
factors, elements in the organisation which are interlinked with each others or they will have
both impact positive and negative on each one. Such as if the Director if TESCO are supposing
to take and frame any decision form employees and organisation and some of workers are
refusing it then it will be rising a roadblock in the process of decision making hence director
needs to reframe their decision and take appropriate one on which all employee should be agreed
by this way sound environment in organisation could be made.
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Organisational politics: This can be defined as use of power which make effect on decision
making in an organisation and on behaviour of employees. In simple term it is behaviour in
human interaction which involves power and authority. It can be tool to examine operational
capacity and to manage different views or ideas of interested parties. This will make grater
impact on workers whom are engage with organisation and also builds roadblock in attainment
of their objective (.Kim, Kim and Reid,, 2017.). The Director of TESCO needs to looks after all
those elements that may have capacity to create problem so they can sort these types of issues.
Director will use their power to make effective decision that gives solution on problems and
make them back to their job. Political behaviour of worker are know as formal act in company
but it will make influence on others or on organisation it self hence director is required to include
those elements which aid to reduce office politics. That are as:
Job satisfaction: if nay mismatch happens then it will leads to polities at work place.
Director of TESCO needs to divide duties and power in accordance with capabilities and
employee's interest, specification which make person satisfied and reduce problems.
Transparency: it is a prominent thing in an organisation as clarity is core and important
among employees. Transparency will make harmony in between office staff.
Team work: when people are working in group they will better understand each other's
conditions and this will make sound bond in employee.
Communication: Clear communication plans are always recommendable for an
organisation cause when people are clear and free for their thoughts and ideas then issues tend to
be reduces.
Organisational culture: A company's culture is a set of symbols, values, rituals, assumptions,
beliefs and practices that are shared among employees in an organisation. These set of elements
governed and force a persons behave for work in company. This make impact on employee's
performance and mind set. Each firm has their own structure and culture that helps in drawing
guidelines and recommendation for worker's behaviour and helps in their maintenance. Hence,
TESCO has their own culture in firm which creates influence on employees as good environment
will improves performance of employee reason behind it is when people have close feeling and
are more involvement with organisational culture then their working capacity will be increased
and they will work harder in order to achieve their objective. Hence TESCO has sound working
culture that people are doing good and feels their participation in company.
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There are some types of culture that are generally found as:
Clan culture: This is known for openness and friendliness of working environment. Here
people are having smilier interest and the leader are seen as main mentor of this family
(Organisation culture. 2017.). In this term organisation will run with loyalty and tradition or
there are great involvement it emphasize on bond of human resource.
Androcracy culture: It is dynamic and creative frame of working environment. Here
employee are taking more risk and leader are known as innovator. All experiments and
innovation the main thing in organisation. Here individual have freedom to take initiative and
success are counted on the availability of product and service.
Market culture: this is result oriented organisational culture that make force on finishing
work and getting more out come as soon as possible. Here producer are expecting more and
much. The focusing on winning keep organisation working together.
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Illustration 1: Organisational culture
Source: Organisation culture (2017)

Hierarchy culture: it is formal and proper structured working environment where
Director will decide what person will do. All the power are covered by leader and he is the only
one who look after smooth running and coordination of all functions.
Organisational power: the power is in regards with the possession of director or higher
authority of company that has capacity to make influence on employees or others for doing their
job. It can be known as the tools for company which are depended on its way of using. There are
some types of power that may used by Director of TESCO (Lee, Kesebir, and Pillutla2016).
Legitimate power: This is a positional power which is derived by position as what a
person have in an organisation in hierarchy hence they have authority to allocate work to juniors.
Expert power: this is come with knowledge of a person. Expertise are derived by
knowledge that a person has in a specific sector. Company will allocate that type of task and
work for which a person is highly capable.
TASK 2
2 Theories Of motivation that motivates individuals and team.
In company TESCO, The director will use some trick, methods and techniques but there
are some theories of motivation that are capable to make a person influenced. These theories are
come in use with the purpose of motivation employee which helps in increasing their
productivity and working efficiency. These theories are playing as a tool and have much
importance in organisation cause with helps of it people become more dedicated to their
objective and this also motivates them to give their best and inspire others. Hence, Director of
TESCO are using and make implementation of content and process theory in work place which
creates positive impact on employee (McDonald, 2017). All those factors are divided in two
segments as monetary or non monetary which made a person more inspire along it helps in
boosting their moral in order to increase their performance and productivity of employees.
Maslow's Hierarchy theory: This theory has been proposed by Abraham Maslow in around
1943 in paper of 'human motivation'. It has given a hierarchy which start with basis needs and
drive towards ultimate requirement of a person.
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Physiological needs: these types of needs are coming when person do not have any thing
for survive their life hence to spend one's life people will come out and doing that activity that
supports them in surviving livelihoods. This physiological needs consist the core necessities that
is food, shelter and cloths. This main be know as the main and core factor which force a person
for work and to complete their basic needs.
Security and safety:Second main necessities are come up as security and safety. After
completing core needs peoples are seeking out for their health safety. They will work for their
security. Motivation drives by this element cause if a person is not felling secure then they start
working to build safety for them self and for their love ones.
Social: This element has reference with person's belongingness like love. This refers to
emotional bonding and attachments among people that makes higher influence on individual for
their work. Social necessary are playing major role in a person's life. It is required to fulfil the
needs and demand of love ones or their family members it make force on individual for doing
work. Some time it may be a purpose for a person's working.
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Illustration 2: Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Source:Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Esteem: every person wished to grab respect in society, they wants that people will know
then in market place. All individuals are social animal who love to being recognised by others.
After completion of their core needs people will work for creating image in society. This also
influence individual by that they can go out and doing job.
Self actualisation needs: In this phase individual needs every thing whatever is required
to spend their life. Hence they will work for attaining their life's objective.
Persons are working in order to make their wish happen and fulfilling their needs that their life
will easily survived. So this theory make positive impact on employee and increasing their
working ability.
Herzberg's theory of motivation: this theory is also know as two factors of motivation which has
two types of elements that make impact on employee in positive and negative manner (Russina
and et. al., 2011). If proper required things are present then performance will be higher and if
they will not then capacity of working will be harm. These factors are:
Hygiene: This point has link with those elements who are required for successfully completion
of job. It has power of enhance the capacity of working for an individual. But if things are come
up of long term then these factors are enough for giving working satisfaction. For an example
good amount of salary will motivate a person and individual will also enhance their productivity
but how long it will make a person working. Salary is needed by every one cause this is the only
thing forb that person are working.
Motivational factors: this factor will helps in attaining long term objective or motivates a person
to work in long with a company. It provides grater satisfaction to employee for their work. As an
example sound opportunity will make a person more motive cause if they will seeks more
chances for their growth then they tend to work hard in that direction.
PART 2
TASK 3
3 Factors that builds an effective team
Team is defined as the group of people which formed to accomplish a specific
task and objective. Every individual belongs to different background such as qualifications,
expertise and skills sets which are required to achieve desired goals. In other word, group is a
cluster of persons that they perform their assigned task for obtaining common goals and
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objectives. Teams play important role in an organisation as they are seen as a fundamental part
for any organisation because group helps in achieving predetermined task and increase work
productivity ( Pandey, 2016). Team also support in providing best services to the their customers
for fulfilling needs or desired expectations in minimum durations. So groups play vital role in an
enterprise because if staff members performs their task in effective manner then they can easily
remove obstacles as well as resolve conflicts in better way. Main feature of groups are shared
authority to team members, responsibilities, high degree of interdependency and accountability
of every person in team. Groups can be made as formal and informal as well as permanent and
temporary for the purpose of achieving organisational goals or objectives. Tesco company
generally believes in team work for attain its set targets and it also support in increasing work
productivity. There are some number of techniques which are used by Tesco for obtaining its
task and objectives such as:
 Functional team: these types of groups are formed according to experts members for
particular functions that are performed in the process of attaining company's goals. In
such groups, members of common division meet with each other on daily basis for
discussions regarding organisation decisions. So these groups are basically permanent
in nature as well as their role is continuous. Functional teams includes marketing,
finance, sales, human resource department etc.
 Project teams: As its term defines that these teams are formed to accomplish an
particular project of Tesco company. It generally formed for a specific purpose as to
achieve special goals and objectives. It is temporary in nature. In this group, members
are assigned different task that are as per their skills and knowledge. After
accomplishing targets, these teams gets dissolves. It can be divide according to
individuals as well as into sub parts if it required.
 Problem solving: These kinds of groups are established for solving particular
problems or issues regarding the organisation that can be create barriers so it is
required to get appropriate solutions. This group formed by taking some individuals
who are experts in resolving problems. Such teams are temporary in nature because
after solving the problem, it get dissolved. Generally, experts come from different
field works and collaborate with team members in order to use their knowledge and
skills to solve the issue with effective solutions.
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 Self managed: these types of group formed by individuals and every member is given
power of decision making that helps in building strong relations among group
members and made effective team within an organisation (Shah, Anwar, 2017).
 Virtual team: this group is very important in every working environment. This types
of teams formed digitally as members in this group are connected through virtual
platforms. Technology play vital role in such types of teams because technological
advancements has made groups more effective which is in favour of company as
company are not restricted to local talent (Aasland and et. al., 2010). Through the
digital modes, several experts who are from different companies, can become a part of
virtual teams. Technology support in making communication in better way as well as
much easier than before. Apart from these, there are proper records of messages and
can be maintain that allows to everyone to know about what activities are occurring in
an organisation. Virtual teams helps in resolving consumer's problems as well as solve
their doubts and confusions at anytime or 24x7 available for customer support.
Tuckman's team development model
Team play important role in achieving organisational goals and objectives as effective
group should be formed for this purpose. Effective team helps in generating better outcomes or
results and there are less chances of any barriers as well as other conflicts that can affects on
overall performance of group. Tesco company follow various theories or concepts for making an
effective team that helps in obtaining particular task. Tuckman's model includes five stages of
performing a team in effective manner and described the path that most teams follow on their
way to high performance such as:
Forming: in this phase, most of team members are positive in their nature and also polite.
Another side, some of people may be anxious as they have not understood that what work the
team will do as well as other are simply excited about the task. So team has just started in which
members are cautions in nature and they do not get too much involved in order to make
impression on others or avoid any type of dispute.
Storming: In this, the team moves into the storming phase, where individuals start to
push against the boundaries that established in the forming stage. So member gets understanding
about their task and roles and they perform these without any conflicts as well as sense of
competition arises.
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Norming: Next stage is norming where every team members are clear about their roles
and responsibilities. Individual starts to build better relations among members through
cooperation and coordination for achieving organisation's goals and objectives as well as attains
particular tasks. In this stage, sense of community and trustworthiness among each employees
takes place (Tomlinson and Holmes, 2016).
Performing: Team reaches at this phase, as hard work leads without any frictions for
attaining common goals and objectives. In this, leaders assigned task to every members and
concentrate on developing team.
Adjourning: this is the last stage, it also known as mourning phase because groups gets
dissolves after fulfilling particular goals and objectives as well as completions of project.
Belbin's typology of effective team
In an organisation, team members are responsible for achieving best outcomes as every
single person contributes in obtaining goals with his full efforts in order to generate best
possibles results. There are some roles and responsibilities which helps to the Tesco company in
performing higher performance such as:
 For bringing innovative ideas, resource investigator play important role within
organisation.
 To organise and manage team in effective manner, implementer perform their task.
 Monitor support to giving best suggestions as well as judgements.
 Shaper take many challenges and work hard for meeting organisation's objectives.
 Team workers maintain their relations for creating healthy environment in group.
Conflicts resolution:
Conflicts can arise among team members so it is required to resolve and maintain
efficiency for effective performance. It can be resolve by managing adequate communications,
setting norms for working as well as timely evaluation of performance. In Tesco company, they
believes in fair judgements in case of disputes or conflicts. So organisation can adopt several
strategies as well as can use various tools and techniques for making teams more effective. So
Tesco company adopted these methods for resolving conflicts and achieve organisational task or
objectives.
Advantages of effective team
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 It helps in performing best task or work with supportive team for attaining particular
goals.
 Problem can be resolve effectively and fairly without any conflicts through team
members.
 Team work brings best results or outcomes as well as it increase more productivity of
work.
 It focus on motivating employees for good work that helps in obtaining specific
objectives.
Disadvantages:
working in a team or groups that can be create more conflicts or barriers among members due to
disagree with any decisions because every person have different opinion towards particular topic
so it directly affects on their performance and result will be failure.
TASK 4
4 Philosophies and Concepts of OB
In this, leaders are responsible for maintaining employees behaviours within the company
as there are concepts of leadership which helps in bringing best outcomes as well as get effective
results for the organisation. These concepts also support in achieving company's goals and
objectives. Here are some theories such as:
Path goal theory: this type of leadership style depends on specifying leader and their
behaviour which helps in fits as per work surrounding for attaining set objectives (Santini, Ngan
and Williams, 2011). Main objective of this theory is to increase the confidence level of
employees as well as try to satisfy staff members for effective work. These styles are as follows:
 Supportive leader always helps in creating or maintaining healthy environment by
supporting team members within organisation.
 Leader provide guidelines or directions to the team members towards goals and
objectives so in directive style, leaders believes in giving directions to subordinates
without connecting them personally.
 Participative leadership styles defines as leaders who allows members tom participate
in planning and decisions making process.
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 Achievement style includes leaders who can face any challenges that can be occur while
running business so they also support to team members and give challenging tasks to
them and expect to deliver best possible results and outcomes.
Contingency theory: It play important role in organisational behaviour as this concept
states that there are different behaviour for various situations so it focus on dependent as well as
interdependent variables. It helps in making organisation more effective or make its behaviour
strong as employees are highly motivated and they contributes in achieving company's task and
objective with doing hard work for future growth.
Social capital theory: It also a very important concept for an organisation as Tesco
generally use this theory for making its behaviour effective. In this, company focus on
maintaining social relations in working place which helps in bringing best results and more
productivity as well as in favour of company (Huczynski and Buchanan, 2010). So it consider
the proper communications between workforce and management for pleasant environment within
organisation. Tesco company also believes in building relations with employees by providing
proper informations to the people regarding any decisions and actions within organisation and
regular as well as daily basis interactions with every individuals for creating positive behaviour.
In other word, it is kind of economic and cultural capital under which social network and trust
are determined. It helps in reducing chances of conflicts or barriers and disputes as employees
gets personally connected with each others due to which there is sense of belongingness amongst
them.
Barriers of effective behaviour:
Barriers can be occur at any time while running business as there are several obstacles
that may effect on organisation behaviour. These barriers includes various aspects such as
emotional, language and cultural issues. It is essential foe the Tesco company that to make
adequate strategies for eliminating such kinds of problems (Zierler, Wehrmeyer and Murphy
2017). So company can handle its team and manage work force in effective manner for achieving
predetermine goals and objectives. These theories and concepts can be applied in Tesco company
in order to make sure and positive work culture within organisation. There are some problems
which is encountered by company during maintaining of effective performance such as:
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Multitasking: It is define as an act or performance which perform more than one
responsibility in a single time. Using advance technology, employees can perform number of
roles such as checking mails, responding to customers etc.
Improper communication: due to poor interactions between staff members, supervisors
and subordinates can affect on their performance which results in failure as well as outcomes
will not achieve.
CONCLUSION
From above this project report, it has been concluded that behaviour of employees plays a
major role in achieving organisational task and objectives. So organisation and behaviour is very
important foe success of any business concern. Behaviour of an individual and teams of Tesco
can be influence by culture, power and politics. So it is required that use all these in effective or
effective manner. In this report, it explained various theories of motivations that could be applied
by Tesco company to encourage workforce to improve their performance as well as attains goals
and objectives of an organisation. Motivation support in personal and professional development
of workers so it is essential to have effective team that will helps in generating productivity as
well as best possible outcomes from overall group. There are some suggestions given in this
report regarding theories and concepts such as path goal, contingency and social capital theory
that Tesco can apply for improving its performance. It will support in making organisation
behaviour effective as well as ensure about future growth of an organisation.
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