Table of Contents INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................3 Part 1.....................................................................................................................................................3 Impact of organisation culture, politics and power on individual and team behaviour and performance.......................................................................................................................................3 Content and process theory of motivation.........................................................................................7 Part 2.....................................................................................................................................................8 Effective team as opposed to an ineffective team..............................................................................8 Application of concepts and philosophies of organisation behaviour in context to the business situation...........................................................................................................................................11 CONCLUSION...................................................................................................................................12 REFERENCES....................................................................................................................................13
INTRODUCTION Organisation behaviour is defined as the behaviour of employees in respect to achieving goals and objectives of the organisation. This report is based on the case study of Ryanair Airline. Company was established in the year 1984. Headquarter of the company is located in Ireland. Company is engaged in air traffic with approximately 225 destinations all across the globe. Company also owns the subsidiaries which named as Lauda, Buzz, Ryanair UK and Malta Air. Parent company of Ryanair Air is call as Ryanair Holding PLC. This report will analysis about the Ryanair Airlines in respect to its organisation behaviour. Henceforth, report will emphasis on the influences organisation’s culture, politics power creates over individual and team behaviour in the company along with over the performances of such individual employees and team performances in the Ryanair Airline. This report will also summarise about how content and process theory works over employee motivation in the Ryanair Airline Company. The aim of the report is also to project the key differences betweenaneffectiveteamascomparetoanineffectiveteam.Applicationsofteam development theory will also address in this report. Part 1. Impact of organisation culture, politics and power on individual and team behaviour and performance Organisation culture is defined as a values and beliefs of the organisation that further drives the operational process of the company. On the basis of the goals and objectives of the company working practices are adopted in organisation culture. Handy model of organisation Ryanair Company operates Handy Typology to implement an effective organisation culture in the company. This is a diversified model enables company to maintain an effective work culture in the company. With the support of this model Ryanair Company can improve its organisation culture in company. This model drives culture into different categories which are named as power culture, role culture, task culture and person culture.
Power culture:Power culture is an integral part of the Handy Cultural model. Power culture drives company to allocate specific powers to employees in organisation. On the basis of skills and capabilities of employees in Ryanair Company specific powers is allocated to employees. Power culture improves the organisation environment in company as it improves the authorities of employees in company. Power culture drives company to assign authority to employees in respect to controlling, managing, operating and taking decision in respect to specific operation function. It also channelizes into employee loyalty in regards to the organisation.Powercultureisaneffectiveapproachtorewardemployeesoutofits productive performances in the organisation (Aribawa, 2016). Allocation of power under power culture is a very significant task so the skills and abilities of employees play an effective role while allocating power under this culture. Power culture also improves the flow of operations in company as employees get right to make crucial decision in the company which further improves the productivity of the organisation. Role culture:Handy Cultural model involves role culture in the company. Role culture is a part of all companies and corporate organisations. This cultural aspect of the Handy Cultural model involves allocation of a specific role in the organisation structure of the Ryanair AirlineCompany.WheneveranyemployeejoinstheorganisationHumanResource Management of the Ryanair Company allocate such employee a specific role or position in the company based on the abilities, skills and professional academics of the employee (Chukhray and Mrykhina, 2018). Employee operates all the duties and responsibilities on the basis of the capacity allocated to such employees based on the role culture of the company. This culture improves the clarity in the mind of employees about the roles and responsibilities he needs to fulfil as a part of the employment opportunity. Role culture improve the operational hierarchy in the company as all individual roles associated to the operation structure of company is segregated into different parts in between the employees of company based on the skills and abilities of individual employee. Task culture:Task culture is also an important aspect of the Handy Cultural model. This culture drives management of the Ryanair Airline Company to form teams in company. As some specific operations comprises with different functional operations. To hold all such associated functions company needs professionals who can handle all situations (Črešnar, R. and Jevšenak, 2019). Based on the task culture Ryanair Company also frame teams in the organisationhierarchyformanagingsomespecificoperations.Onthebasisofthe requirements associated with that specific task or operation team forms with the bunch of
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employees possess such specific skills and capabilities. Task culture can also be named as the team culture in the company. Task culture improves the organisation behaviour in the company as it directly improves the employee behaviour in respect to company’s operations. It also improves the growth of employee in company.For example in Ryanair all operations are distributed into different tasks and operate by management by forming teams. Person culture:Person culture is also a part of the Handy Culture model. Person culture drives company to respect all individual employees in company. This cultural aspect of the Handy Model directly improves the significance of employees in the company. Person culture motivates management of the Ryanair Company to invest in the well being of employees associated with the company (Daniluk, 2016). Due to improving employee well being company also allocated various amenities like perks to employees such as staff quarter, light bill, internet connection and other amenities on the basis of the positional role in the company.ForexamplemanagementofRyanairCompanygivespecificpositionlike manager, operators, engineer and other designations to all employees in company on the basis of person culture. The above mentions points indicate about different cultural aspects of Handy Model of organisation culture. French and Raven model of Power French and Raven Model briefs about different forms of powers that can be associated with the company. Power is among the key factors that influences entire organisation hierarchy of the company. This model segregates power into certain types which calls as legitimatepower,rewardpower,coercivepower,expertpower,referentpowerand information power. Legitimate power:Legitimate power indicates about such power which is allocated to employees in company as a part of the employment opportunity. Organisation culture of the company is based on the role culture which involves segregating all roles in the operation structure of company into different human resources associated with company (Dima, Hadad and Luchian, 2017). On the basis of the needs and requirements attached with individual roles in the company different powers are allocated to employees to meet the requirements attached with the specific job role. In case of employee loosing the position in company associated legitimate power will also sink.For example employees in Ryanair Company hold
power based on the designated roles in manager in company hold the power to take decision related to field. Reward power:Reward power is also associated with the Ryanair Company based on the power culture in organisation behaviour. Reward power is about to give effective rewards in against to the productive performances in the organisation (Esangbedo and Che, 2016). This further involves giving promotions, bonus, incentives and other key benefits that can owner the good and productive performances of employees. This also improves the employee motivation level in the organisation. Coercive power:Coercive power is also a part f the power culture in the Ryanair Company. This power indicates as power to fire, demote or other form of demotions to employees in company (Fabus, 2018). This is a specific power allocated to some senior employees in company like department heads which can utilises this power in against to such employees who are not performing the assigned roles in the best of their capacities. This is more like a privilege to such department heads as per the legitimate power of the organisation behaviour. Information power:Information power is also associated with the power culture in the Ryanair Company. This power is allocated to only few top levels designates in the company. This involves having a specific power to brief about the confidential information about the Ryanair Company.For example all employees in Ryanair Company are authorised to get the proper briefing about operations. Expert power:Expert power is also a key power associated with the power culture in the company. Only too few employees in company holds senior positions in company are allocated the expert power. This involves taking important decision in respect to company’s operations. On the basis of skill, knowledge and experience of employee this power is allocated in company. Referent power:Referent power is also a specific power associated with the power culture in the organisation behaviour of the company. This involves one individual likes other individual and recommend him to hold a certain position in the company. The above points indicate about different aspects of the power culture in the company. Chantal’s theory of political behaviour
Political behaviour is also an integral part of the organisation behaviour in company. Leaders in company hold the political influences in regards to different aspects of the organisation. Political behaviour play an important role in the company as it provides a strategic direction to operations of company (Fernandes, 2017). This theory drives that in order to entertain effective growth potentials an organisation must consist a stable political atmosphere in the company. This theory indicates that leaders are the change maker in the organisation. Company should create a positive political atmosphere in the company in order to entertain more effective growth opportunities in company. Content and process theory of motivation Motivation is defined as improving employee morale in company. This is more like boostingemployeeconfidencelevelsothatemployeecanmeetupallrolesand responsibilities efficiently. Maslow hierarchy of needs Maslow hierarchy of needs is an effective content theory of employee motivation. This theory of employee motivation link up motivation of employee directly with the needs and requirements of the employees. This theory segregates needs into different parts which include physiological needs, safety and security need, belongingness and love, esteem and self actualisation. Physiological needs:Physiological needs indicates about the basic human needs such as food, shelter, sleep and other basic needs of a human being. This model of employee motivation drives company that all employees associated with the Ryanair Company must cope up with the basic human needs as a part of the employment opportunity in the company (Gandhi, 2017). In case the employees of the company are not able to meet up the basic need than it will reduces the employee sustainability in the company along with its work efficiency. Company can improve the employee motivation by fulfilling the physiological needs of employee.For example salary structure of the employees in Ryanair Company supports them to meet all physical needs. Safety and security needs:Safety and security is also an important part of employee motivation. In case the company aims to have the motivated work force in the organisation than it must cope up with the employee safety and security concerns. Work place of employee must be safe and secure (Holotiuk and Beimborn, 2017). Atmosphere in the
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company must be healthy and hygienic. Health is among the key concerns of human being. If the company is able to cope up with the safety and security aspects of the employees than management can improve te motivation level of employees. Belongingness and love:This is also an important aspect of employee motivation. It is important that all employees of the company must feel acceptable at the work place. Employees of the Ryanair Company must feel to be a part of the organisation. Management of the Ryanair Company must establish an effective organisation environment that welcomes all employees in the growth and development of the company. This involves giving proper respect to all employees’ part of the organisation.For example Ryanair Company culture is volatile and management try all employee feel acceptable in company irrespective any social factor. Esteem:Esteem is also a key pillar behind the employee motivation. In order to improve the employee motivation company must give respect to each employees associated with the organisation in any professional capacity. If the employee in company feel honoured in the organisation they would feel motivated in the company. This also improves the employee well being in the company. Self actualisation:Self actualisation is an aspect involve in employee motivation. Based on the research employees associated with such organisation that cater effective internal growth opportunities feels more motivated as compareto such organisations in which growth of employees are restricted to a certain limit. Ryanair Company must keep the organisation volatile so that employees can get proper growth opportunities in the company. The above points are key pillars behind employee motivation on the basis of content theory of employee motivation. Vroom’s expectancy theory Vroom’s expectancy is among the key theory associated with the process theories of employee motivation. This theory link up employee motivation with the expectations of employees (Ishchenko, 2017). Based on the concepts of the theory organisation who could effectively cope up with the expectations of employees are able to keep the work force motivates as compare to other organisations who could not deal with employee expectations effectively. Employee expectations are an important base behind the motivation level of employees. Growth is among the key expectations of employees contains along with the
employment opportunities. Organisation hierarchy of the Ryanair Company must provide effective growth opportunities to employees in order to motivate them. Part 2 Effective team as opposed to an ineffective team Effective team is defined as such team that is able to cope up with the goals and objectives set behind forming the team. Productivity is the key factor that creates the difference between an effective team and an ineffective team. Differences between an effective team and ineffective team can be projected in the following manners. Point of differenceEffective teamIneffective team ProductivityAll teams that are productive are call as effective team. Productivity of the team is the key factors which makes a team as an effective team. Due to less of productivity a teamisdenotedasan ineffective team. CommunicationIneffectiveteam communicationisproper whichalsoresultedinto smoothflowofoperation function. Effectiveteamalways emphasis on channelizing an effectivecommunication between the team members (Ruël and Wolters, 2016). Duetoineffective communication employees in anineffectiveteamdonot coordinateaboutdifferent functionalactivityofthe team. Lackofproper communication is among the keybarrierbehindthe effectiveness of the team. Regular team meetingTeam leaders in an effective team conducts regular team meetingstomonitorand controltheteam’s performances. Regularteammeetings enable employees to upgrade Inanineffectiveteam meetings do not conducts on a regular basis. Duetoirregularteam meetings team members do not get to discuss about the strategiesandpoliciesfor
strategies and practices apply tomeetupobjectivesand goals of team. meetingoverallobjectives behind the formation of team. Issue solvingIneffectiveteamleaders solveallissuesofteam members and employees part of the team. This also improves the team bondingandemployee’s interestinrespectto achieving objectives of team. Inanineffectiveteam employeeissuesremain unsolved. Due to lack of coordination andissuesineffectiveteam do not perform well. The above mention difference is the key differences between the effective team and ineffective team. Tuck man team development theory Team is defined as a bunch of peoples holding common objectives behind the functional activities of the team. In order to build an effective team Tuck man has provided an effective team or group development theory. This theory drives team formation into different stages. Stages like forming, norming, storming and performing are associated with the team development approach. All such stages carry a specific significance in the team formation. This model is a systematic process to form an effective team in the company. Significance of the Tuck man team development model can be summarises in the following points. Improve team bonding:The team development model given by Tuck man involves multiple stages to develop teams. This model segregates team formation into different stages which names as forming, norming, storming and performing (Russ, Kuilboer and Ashrafi, 2016). All such stages play an effective role in improving team bonding. This can be among the key factors that drive efficiencies of the team members. This theory gives huge focus to improving team bonding which becomes one of the key reasons behind the success of the team.
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Solvingissues:Tuckmanteamdevelopmentmodelsegregatestheprocessofteam development. The main aim behind containing multiple stages in team formation is to solve issues between employees part of the team. This model of team development gives priority to solving issues between employees part of the team in Ryanair Company. As the team developmentisacollaborativepartnershipsbetweenemployeespartofthedifferent departments in the organisation hierarchy of the Ryanair Company. It is convenient that team members face issues and problem for working with new colleagues. Due to multiple stages involve in team development this model effectively deals with the issues of employees. Regular team meetings:The model of team development suggested by the Tuck man involves regular team meeting between team members which drives the focus of employee’s part of the team towards achieving objectives of the team. Team meeting is an important pillar behind the success of the team. Team meeting also provide scope to discuss about the strategies that channelizing to achieve the team objectives. Possible development can also be updated in the strategies by conducing team meetings. Measuring team performances:Tuck man model of team development also give scope to measure team performance. In the performing stage of the model involves assessing the team performance. At this stage all employees becomes part of the team and all issues are also solved between team members (Shageeva and et.al.,2017). Strategies are also framed at this stage towards achieving team objectives. This model drives team leaders to measure team performance on a regular basis. Measuring performance provide scope to improve the strategic implementation and formation for the betterment of the team. This is among the key benefits behind implementing this model as it give scope to update the strategies and policies of team which supports team in achieving all objectives behind the formation of team. The above points are indicated about the key advantages associated with the team development theory supported by Tuck man. Application of concepts and philosophies of organisation behaviour in context to the business situation Currently Ryanair Company is going through the restructuring process. Concepts and philosophies of the organisation behaviour will support company in achieving objectives of the restructuring.
Delegation of power:Concepts and philosophies of the organisation behaviour involve delegation of power as per power culture of the company. In case of corporate restructuring delegation of power play an important role. Ryanair Company needs allocate specific power to company’s employees based on the needs of restructuring. As per the restructuring process company will make suitable changes in the company. In order to implement the changes successfullycompanyneedstodelegatedifferentemployeesthatcanmeetupthe responsibilities of the associated positions in company.For example management in Ryanair allocate powers to all employees based on the requirements of the designated position of employee. Drive team formation:Concepts and philosophies of the organisation behaviour drives company towards an effective approach to form a team. As the Ryanair Company going through the restructuring process so that organisation needs to form different team based on the requirements of the restructuring process (Shukla and Pattnaik, 2019). On the basis of the tuck man team development model company can form different teams with the support of forming,norming,stormingandperformingstages.Companycansegregatesall responsibilities of the restructuring into different teams formed on the basis of the team developmentmodeltoimplementtherestructuringprocessefficiently.Forexample operations like marketing are operated by teams in Ryanair Company. Drive employee motivation:Organisation behaviour is also about to motivate employees associated with different designated positions in the company. Ryanair Company is going through corporate restructuring process due to lack of performance of company. In this situation uplifting the employee motivation is an important tool to improve the employee’s morale (Trad and Kalpić, 2019). With the support of content and process theory company can motivate its employees. In case of restructuring job security is also become one of the major concern of company’s employees. Content and process theory drives company to ensure the job security of all employees in order to motivate employees. Human resources of the company are among the key resources associated with the organisation which contributes in the growth and development of the organisation. With the support of employee motivation company can deal effectively with this situation. Political stability:Concepts and philosophies of the organisation behaviour also drive the political stability in the company. With the support of Chantal’s theory of political behaviour management of the Ryanair Company can improve its political stability in case of corporate
restructuring. Political stability is also a key aspect that can contribute effectively in the efficient corporate restructuring process. The above mentioned aspects indicate about different aspects of the organisation behaviour associated with the practical situation of the Ryanair Company. CONCLUSION This report has summarises about the concepts and philosophies of the organisation behaviour. Report has conclude3d the different aspects of the culture which includes role culture, power culture and other culture with the support of Handy model of culture. Different forms of powers like legitimate powers and other form of powers has also summarised in this report. In order to improve the growth potential of the company political stability also plays the key role. This report has concluded the differences between effective team and an ineffective team on the basis of communication, productivity, issue solving and other key elements. Importance of the tuck man team development model such as improving bounding, issue solving has also concluded in this report. This report has also summarised about the different aspects of the organisation behaviour influences corporate restructuring of company.
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