Organisational Communication: Types, Theories, and Barriers During COVID-19

This report discusses the importance of communication within an organization, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. It covers different types of communication theories, such as formal and informal communication, directional communication, and oral and written communication. The report also evaluates barriers to communication, including emotional, physical, organizational structure, and cultural barriers, and provides recommendations for overcoming them.

Organisational
communication

ABSTRACT
Communication within the business organisation plays a very important role, the sharing
of information between the people inside or outside the firm result in effective management and
assist in attaining the organisational goals. This report aim to find out different types business
communication theories along which assist the organisation to overcome form the barriers of
communication which are faced by the firm during COVID 19 situation.

Table of Contents
ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION : ........................................................................................................................4
ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION...................................................................................................4
General theories of organisational communication................................................................4
Evaluate some of the barriers of communication that make the customer’s reluctant to travel 5
RECOMMENDATION...................................................................................................................7
Outline strategies to overcome these barriers.........................................................................7
CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION :
Businesses communication is method of communicating information among the people of
the organizations. A productive communication among the employees and the management helps
the organization to achieve their goals. Its prime objective is to improve the businesses practises
and decrease errors. In the situation of the covid-19 the business communication helps the
organization to communicate among the employees for smooth functioning of their activity
without any hindrance. The outbreak of this pandemic created different issues related to the
operational activity of the Barrhead travel holiays. We are going to discuss the organizational
communication's, general theories and the barriers that is restricting general people from
bookings the holidays tickets. In addition this report is also discuss the strategy to how to
overcome the barriers.(Alam, 2020)
ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
General theories of organisational communication
In the business communication it circulate a constant flow of information. Opinion or
feedback is the inherent part of the business communication. Nowadays organizations are very
huge and large number of people are involved in the entities. There are different levels of
hierarchy in the organization. Communication plays a prime role in the organization for directing
and controlling the people. For ensuring the smooth functioning of the organisation there must be
a effective communication between the superiors and the subordinates(Berg, Gottburgsen, and
Kleimann, 2021). There are theories of the business communication. Such as-
 Formal and informal communication- Generally, the formal communication is the
communication which happens from the top management to the different departments
and the employees of the organizations. It is frequently used in communicating between
the customers and the clients, especially in the organizational meetings. For
communicating in the formal every organization has to follow the procedure. Informal
communication is the one which takes place without any procedure such as friendly

conversations. It plays a longer part in the organizations. It the form of communication
which plays a vital role in case of any dispute arises in between the superiors and the
subordinates.
 Directional communication- Every communication in the organization is the directional
one. It means that the every time when we communicate to the other person the way of
our communication changes depending on the position of the person. There are three
kinds of directional communication: downward, upward,horizontal/lateral.
Downward communication is the communication in which the upper rank employee
communicate to the lower rank employee. It is usually used in the instructional change. Upward
communication is just opposite of the downward communication. It is considered to be one of
the importance because It helps in building more equal workplace. Horizontal communication
usually happens face to face. But due to covid pandemic people have to work from their home
and organizations communicate through skype, team etc.(Falkheimer. and Heide, 2018)
 Oral and written communication- Both the type of communication plays a vital role in
the success of the organization. Oral communication is the way of communication where
individual communicates face to face with their customer, colleagues or the employees.
It depends on the individuals body language as well as their words. Oral communication
assist us to build strong trust and reliable relationship. Due to the covid situations, it
disrupted the oral communication because all the people of the organization have to do
their work remotely. In this situation most of the entities now depend on the video
calling for stay connected with each other.
Written communication is also one of the important way of communication in the
businesses. It can be done through email, messages and with the help of social media and it can
be done in both formal and informal. It is less spontaneous and it can done in more strategically.
Evaluate some of the barriers of communication that make the customer’s reluctant to
travel
Due to the outbreak of Covid-19, it has created the barriers which is restricting the
development of the developed and developing countries. There are few barriers which we are
going to discuss which is restricting the people to book holidays abroad. They are as follows:-

 Emotional barriers- This barriers primarily focuses on the emotional prospects which
will decide the behaviour and consuming structure of the consumer. These are considered
to be the perception of the traveller which is restricting them to travel to the different
countries as the ongoing pandemic has develop a feeling of fear in the mind of the
individuals. Due to the pandemic the restrictions were imposed to the people to restrict
their activities within their home and now they are eager to travel abroad via planes. In
the emotional behaviour, it influence the activity of the consumers and deciding their
feeling is not in the control of the organizations.(Erjavec, Arsenijević, and Starc, 2018)
 Physical barriers- These barriers impose the restrictions on the physical activities of the
individuals. In an organization, physical barriers are happens due to the infrastructure
issue or any other issue which can direct to the hindrance of the smooth flow of the
organizational activity. In the condition of the barrhead travel holidays, the physical
barriers is shows us that in the the rising pandemic it leads to the hindrance in the
activities of the organisation. Furthermore. there is the another physical hindrance which
are the issue of ensuring the social distancing on the airplane which will determine the
behaviour of the people who is availing the facilities of travel holidays.
 Organizational structure barriers- These are the barriers which happens when there is
the lack of clearance in the structure of the organization which they follows and because
of the high level of fluctuations in the government restrictions policies. In the rise of
covid pandemic, it has caused the severe disturbance in the working policies of the
Barread travel holidays and it has raising confusion among the peoples and it also having
the affect on their decision making. In the continuous changing situation of the covid-19
that leads to the continuous changing in the government policies related to quarantine.
Due to the rising cases of the covid, those countries who has the highest number of cases
is falls under the red list and it also influencing the decision making of the organizations.
There is lot of uncertainties related to the government policies and the pandemic, the
people has put their travellings plans on hold until there is some clarity related to the
government policies or the covid cases declines.(Mohanty, and Mohanty, 2018)
 Culture barriers- It refers to the cultural prospects which is prevailing in the other
countries and is going to decide the behaviours of the traveller to pick out their travelling
destinations. There is no clarity in regarding the rules and regulations which is follows

by the other countries which is affecting the organization decision making in regards to
their service facilities. The people who are not sure about the circumstances of the other
foreign countries and their protocols, they are suppressing their urges to travelling
abroad. (Ibidunni, 2019)
RECOMMENDATION
Outline strategies to overcome these barriers
In the Covid-19 situation,it has adversely affect the tourism companies and according to
the OECD, around the globe they have witnessed the downfall of international tourism at around
sixty to eighty percent and the whole tourism industry have taken the different preventive steps
to get rid of this issue ( Tourism Policy Response to the coronavirus COVID-19). There are
various strategies for the travel companies to set aside the barriers that are explained below:-
 If the Barrhead Travel wants to recover from the different barriers then they have to do
proper barriers. It can be achieved by the alter the mode of communication with the
people. Furthermore, travel company has to simplify the process of their booking so that
it will be convenience for every individual to plan and research for their travel.(Naidoo,
2019)
 Also, the organisation must adopt different channels and brands will assist the customers
in order to get more information about the different holidays packages. The organizations
must work in order to establish the fast response team for the customers to address their
different queries and the customers also prefer the company who is consistent in
addressing the queries and the attention from the company as they have other options
available in the market(Segumpan and Zahari, J.S.A. , 2022).
 The mentioned company is recommended to keep the customers aware about the latest
development about their plans which can be done through the e-mail, text,website and
different others ways.

CONCLUSION
From the above report we can say that the unexpected outbreak of Covid-19 has been
severally affected the commercial activities of the travel organizations and the operations of the
company at great level. As we have discussed above, due to the lack of the clear information it
has changes the behaviour of the consumer in regards to availing the services from the company.
The organisation can overcome these barriers through the continuance developing clearer
policies in regards to the services provided by the organization.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Alam, M., 2020. Organisational processes and COVID-19 pandemic: implications for job
design. Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change.
Berg, J., Gottburgsen, A. and Kleimann, B., 2021. Formalising organisational responsibility for
refugees in German higher education: the case of first contact positions. Studies in
Higher Education, pp.1-13.
Erjavec, K., Arsenijević, O. and Starc, J., 2018. Satisfaction with managers’ use of
communication channels and its effect on employee-organisation relationships. Journal
of East European management studies, 23(4), pp.559-578.
Falkheimer, J. and Heide, M., 2018. Strategic communication: An introduction. Routledge.
Ibidunni, A.S., 2019. Knowledge and performance in an emerging telecommunication industry:
The moderating role of organisational orientation. Managerial and Decision
Economics, 40(8), pp.971-981.
Mohanty, A. and Mohanty, S., 2018. The impact of communication and group dynamics on
teamwork effectiveness: The case of service sector organisations. Academy of Strategic
Management Journal, 17(4), pp.1-14.
Naidoo, K., 2019. Knowledge management and organisational performance: a case of CDL
logisitics in the UK (Doctoral dissertation, University of the West of Scotland).
Segumpan, R.G. and Zahari, J.S.A. eds., 2022. Mixed Methods Perspectives on Communication
and Social Media Research. Taylor & Francis.