Organisational Theory and Practice

Organisational Theory
and Practice

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................................3
TASK A.........................................................................................................................................................3
Management style, principle and functions used by the CEO of British American Tobacco....................3
TASK B.........................................................................................................................................................5
Steps taken with regard to organization structure to achieve high performance and the organization
culture at British American Tobacco and its impact on the employees...................................................5
TASK C.........................................................................................................................................................6
Leadership style of the CEO of British American Tobacco to enhance the organizational effectiveness. 6
TASK D.........................................................................................................................................................7
Analyse the effects of power, influence and conflict at the chosen firm.................................................7
TASK E..........................................................................................................................................................8
Various types of motivation used at British American Tobacco...............................................................8
TASK F..........................................................................................................................................................9
Corporate examples and Literature.........................................................................................................9
TASK G.........................................................................................................................................................9
Recommendation & Suggestions.............................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
The concept of organizational theory can be discussed as the behaviour of an employees
and also the behaviour of different groups working within the entity. In any of the organisation,
employees and different teams formed always plays the crucial role because they are the one
who can support in accomplishing the goals and target within the specified time period. Here,
individuals and the group formed has to interact among themselves so that they can perform their
task in a systematic order. Mainly, organisational theory tries to show the effect of different
social relationship which they develop while working within the entity. Some of the other factors
which it mainly emphasis is connected with internal and external business environment. Any of
the entity which focuses upon organisational theory gets the maximum opportunity to deal with
any of the situation that arises within the organisation due to which chances of accomplishing the
goals increases automatically. In order to perform any of the task there are different types of
strategies which are being used it which certainly helps to meet out the expectation of the
stakeholders who holds the key position in the company. Some of the popular form of
organisational theory are scientific management theory, Maslow theory and many more (Bowen,
2016). All of this theory and concept can be used in different situation through which any of the
task can be performed in a systematic manner.
This file is based on British American Tobacco (BAT), which is one of the multinational
companies had has been effectively dealing in the market for delivering the tobacco related
product. It was incorporated in the year 1902 whereas it’s headquartered is in London, England.
Although, report will be based upon British American Tobacco but different topics will be
included in the file such as management styles, principle and functions. Leadership style and
motivation for BAT will be mentioned which can allow to improve the performance of a
company. Along with Literature review will help to support the whole argument which will be
explained in the file and at the end recommendation and suggestions will be mentioned which
can provide the suggestions that how improvement can be brought within any of the area.

TASK A
Management style, principle and functions used by the CEO of British American Tobacco
In any of the organization, management style always plays the vital role in accomplishing
the goals and target within the specified time period. In context of British American Tobacco,
their CEO can be benefitted from different types of management styles and principle because it
will allow them to conduct the business activity in desire manner. Discussing it in detail, it is
said that management style can certainly guide that how any of the CEO needs to perform within
the organization for the purpose of enhancing the capabilities of a company. In context of BAT,
their CEO uses participative management style which is helping him to guide employees that
how they are needed to perform any of the task (Capello and Kroll, 2016). There are number of
benefits of participative management style because it simply helps to motivate the employees to
perform any of the task in a systematic manner.
In order to perform any of the business activity, there are number of things which needs to
be considered and in that respective condition, principles of management also play the crucial
role. Talking about the CEO of BAT, there are different types of principle of management and
functions which are helping them to perform their task in a systematic manner. Detail
information has been mentioned below:
Principle
 Division of work – On the basis of skills and the quality that employee holds, any of the
work is divided among them so that it can be performed in a systematic manner.
 Authority and responsibility – According to this particular principle, it is said that
organization tries to hand over the responsibility to some of the employees so that they
can ensure that work is being performed as per the requirement.
 Equality – Here, CEO of BAT consider each of the employee as a asset for a company.
Functions
 Planning – It is among the function that can certainly allow the organization to
accomplish their goals. Here, CEO of BAT can take effective decision through which
goals can be accomplished easily in a very short time period.

 Organizing – It relates with managing all of the activity in a systematic manner which
means that company holds different types of resources which they must use as per their
requirement (Conforto and et. al., 2016).
 Leading – It is the most important function for the CEO of BAT as this function has a
connection with providing the proper guidelines through which goals can be
accomplished. This function can allow to motivate the employee through which they can
easily perform their task in high standard.
TASK B
Steps taken with regard to organization structure to achieve high performance and the
organization culture at British American Tobacco and its impact on the employees
In present scenario, there are different aspects that needs to be considered while
conducting the business activity and in that respective scenario, organization structure also plays
the crucial role. In simple words, it is one of the frameworks which can guide about the way of
allocating any of task or responsibility to any of the person. There are some of other area which
is equally important such as to whom to coordinate, supervise and many more. If company uses
effective organizational structure, they get additional benefit to manage each of the activity in a
systematic manner through which goals can be accomplished easily. Some of the organization
structure which can be helpful for the organization is flat, matrix and many more (Ruben and
Gigliotti, 2016). IN context of British American Tobacco, company uses flat structure which
helps to develop a healthy relation between management and their employees.
In context of the British American Tobacco, there are two executive directors and even
company has a team of 6 non-executive directors who are free to work independently within the
premises of a company. Every year selection process is conducted by shareholders as per the rule
of Companies Act. It is well known that directors always play the crucial role within the
organization as they are the one who needs to ensure that each of the corporate governance
related work is being performed in a systematic manner. Whenever organization is able to
comply with rules and regulations, it means that there is higher probability that company can
attain goals and target because employee can put their efforts for performing any of the task.
In detail, it is said that the organization structure which is being followed by BAT is
delivering the proper circumstances due to which employee can work in a productive manner. It

is said that organization which has been performing their business activity with the help of
several theories an model has been allowing them to accomplish their goals. As BAT uses Flat
organizational structure which means that employees get the idea that how they are needed to
perform any of the task and to whom the final reporting should be done.
TASK C
Leadership style of the CEO of British American Tobacco to enhance the organizational
effectiveness
In an organization, leader always plays the vital role because they are the one who guide
their subordinates that how any of the work needs to be performed in a systematic manner. If
company has a leader who is able to take their decision in a favourable manner, then it
automatically increases the chances for attaining the targets (Alexander, 2019). In context of
British American Tobacco, their leader has been working in an effective manner by
understanding each of the situation and as per the suitability of the situation he takes the
decision. Here, leader must ensure that they are capable to judge the situation and take their
decision in the favour of a company. If all of this work can be focused then, company can easily
improve their overall profitability in the market.
Talking about the different types of leadership style, they are known as autocratic
democratic and Laissez-Faire Leadership. All of this leadership styles are important in the
aspects of leaders but it is necessary to identify for the leaders that which types of leadership
style they are willing to use for the business organisation (Leadership Styles, 2020). Firstly, there
is an autocratic leadership style which is quite different as leader do not involves any of the
person at the time of making decision. If an important decision needs to be taken in short time
period then in that respective condition autocratic leadership style can be effective in attaining
the goals. On the other side, there is a democratic leadership style which has its own importance.
In this particular leadership style, it is said that these types of leadership try to involve all of the
employees for taking proper suggestion through which best possible decisions can be taken.
Finally, there is Laissez-Faire Leadership Style which is among the popular one as it allows the
employees as well as other member to work in their own style with full of freedom. British

American Tobacco company works upon democratic leadership style where chances to
subordinates are also given to show their involvement in any of the work.
TASK D
Analyse the effects of power, influence and conflict at the chosen firm.
On a daily basis, the working style and capabilities of employee’s changes and that is one
of the reasons that organisation are able to perform better in current scenario as compared to
previous time period. In any of the situation, organisation culture as well as performance of an
employee will always have an impact upon power, conflict as well as influences (Waldman and
Jensen, 2016). It will majorly impact upon the working style as it will allow the organisation to
accomplish their goals. It is because worker will be able to perform each of the activity as per the
requirement of an organisation with the help of power, influence and conflicts within the entity.
If an entity like BAT will be able to use power in a positive manner, then they can easily create
positive circumstances for working within the organisation. Whenever any of the positive
decisions are being taken, chances automatically increase for the employees to improve their
overall performance and each of the power related decisions needs to be taken by the CEO of the
company who holds important position.
In context of BAT, they are among those organisations which likes to perform their task
on the basis of power where they like to support their employees that how they need to perform
any of the task. Whenever any of the expert is there to take any of the decision, it means that they
can decide that how any of the subordinates can perform their task effectively in a very short
time period. On the other side, if an employee is influenced in a favourable manner, then set
objectives can be attained in a very short time period (Bratton and Gold, 2017). But at the same
time, it is essential that conflict should not arise within the organisation as it always creates
problem for the business because organisational goals are not accomplished on specified time
period in it. There are number of reasons due to which conflict can arise within the entity which
means that company should understand that they should try to take any of the decision by
analysing each of the situation. In short, it is essential for British American Tobacco to not take
any of problematic decision due to which organisation may have to suffer and if this is possible
then goals can be accomplished easily.

TASK E
Various types of motivation used at British American Tobacco
In any of the entity, motivation always plays the vital role because it certainly gives the reason
behind performing any of the task. Although, it has been found that employees needs to motivate
by themselves but at the same time, they also needs to ensure that there are some of the situation
in which they must be motivated from the management of a company for performing the task.
Mainly, motivation is of two types and they are intrinsic in which employees are motivated while
working within the entity but in case of extrinsic motivation, employee needs to be motivated
from external factors.
Different organization are there which is performing effectively in the market but at the
same time they need to ensure that they are conducting the motivation related work for their
employees. It means that British American Tobacco should help to motivate their employees
because it certainly allows to accomplish the goals on time (Burke, 2017). Here, leader and
management of BAT provides monthly basis awards to their employees which means that
different on the basis of employee’s performances they are rewarded. Timely bonuses should be
given because it helps to motivate the employees. Praise is also one of the ways through which
employee of BAT can be motivated from the side of organization. It means that if management is
able to praise their employees, they can work in more effective manner.
There are different types of motivation related theory such as Maslow Hierarchy,
Herzberg’s two-factor theory and many more. All of this motivational theory can be effective in
motivating the employees who plays the crucial role in achieving the targets. In addition, there
are some of the work on organization like BAT should work such has proper knowledge should
be obtained that whether employees are motivated or not to perform the task. It means that role
of leader increases because they are the one who always founds themselves near to the
employees. In addition, equal opportunities should be given because it is also one of the ways
through which employee can be motivated and take corrective decision that how they need to
perform any of the task. If in an organization like BAT, employees will not get the opportunity to
motivate themselves, then it will be one of the difficult jobs for the organization to accomplish
their goals and target.

TASK F
Corporate examples and Literature
The discussion about British American Tobacco explains that they produces the product
only for the one who is above 18 years. But the main thing which needs to be ensured is that
whenever they sell their product instruction is clearly mentioned that consumption of tobacco
product can be harmful for the life. In order to perform business activity in a successful manner,
there are number of management styles which are being performed by British American Tobacco
(Dalkir, 2017). Here, organization uses some of the style such democratic, transformational and
many more. Working according to this respective working style can be effective because it can
provide the way that how an entity needs to perform their task without suffering from any of the
problem. The main area which management emphasis is that how they can motivate their
employees and for this they provide number of opportunities to each of the person. On the other
side, BAT also uses flat structure which provides the platform to enhance the performance of
employees. It is because employees get the opportunity to discuss with management directly if
any of the problem arises.
Also, company also uses different style of leadership which are suitable because this
leadership style can guide that how any of the employee that how company can perform
effectively. In detail, BAT uses democratic leadership style under which employees gets the
opportunity to share their views and ideas through which they can contribute equally to the
company at the time of performing any of the task (Dalkir, 2017). In addition, there is power,
influence and conflict which is helpful for the organization because it certainly provides the way
that how an effective decision making should by done by the management.
TASK G
Recommendation & Suggestions
It has been found from the working style of British American Tobacco that they are
performing quite well in the market but in order to attain effective result, it is recommended that
company work on the structure which they use. It means that organization is suggested to work
in the area where they can improve overall communication system within the organization. It has
been seen that reporting in current scenario is done to only limited number of people but if
company will be able to distribute power to different department then employees can give their

suggestion and communication channels can be improved. The other work which company can
look for is that how they can take feedback from different employees because it will allow to fix
the problem or issues which are being faced by the entity (Spigel, 2017).
Also, some of the other area where company can still put their effort is giving addition
confidence to the employees. It means that if an organization needs to work effectively, their
employees must be motivated and for that management can also start providing bonuses to the
employees on a regular basis. Even work should be allocated on the basis of skills and talent that
an employee holds within the organization. Different teams should be formed for performing any
of the task due to which each of the person can get chances to learn something new on a daily
basis and even each of them can get equal opportunity to contribute towards the organization.
REFERENCES
Books & Journals
Bowen, D. E., 2016. The changing role of employees in service theory and practice: An
interdisciplinary view. Human Resource Management Review. 26(1). pp.4-13.
Capello, R. and Kroll, H., 2016. From theory to practice in smart specialization strategy:
emerging limits and possible future trajectories. European Planning Studies. 24(8).
pp.1393-1406.
Conforto, E.C. and et. al., 2016. The agility construct on project management theory.
International Journal of Project Management. 34(4). pp.660-674.
Ruben, B. D. and Gigliotti, R. A., 2016. Leadership as social influence: An expanded view of
leadership communication theory and practice. Journal of Leadership & Organizational
Studies. 23(4). pp.467-479.
Waldman, D. E. and Jensen, E. J., 2016. Industrial organization: theory and practice. Routledge.
Bratton, J. and Gold, J., 2017. Human resource management: theory and practice. Palgrave.
Burke, W. W., 2017. Organization change: Theory and practice. Sage publications.
Dalkir, K., 2017. Knowledge management in theory and practice. MIT press.
Dalkir, K., 2017. Knowledge management in theory and practice. MIT press.
Spigel, B., 2017. The relational organization of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Entrepreneurship
Theory and Practice. 41(1). pp.49-72.
Alexander, L. M., 2019. Terrorism: Theory and practice. Routledge.
Online
Leadership Styles. 2020. [Online]. Available through: <
https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_84.htm>