Organisational Theory and Practice

ORGANISATIONAL
THEORY AND
PRACTICE

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK A...........................................................................................................................................1
Examine management style and state principle and functions of management used by CEO of
British American Tobacco..........................................................................................................1
TASK B...........................................................................................................................................3
Analyse steps that regards to organisational structure in order to attain high performance and
state organisation culture at British American Tobacco and its impact on employees...............3
TASK C...........................................................................................................................................4
Describe leadership style of CEO of British American Tobacco to enhance organisational
effectiveness................................................................................................................................4
TASK D...........................................................................................................................................5
Analyse effect of power, influence and conflict at chosen firm.................................................5
TASK E............................................................................................................................................6
Discuss various types of motivation used at British American Tobacco....................................6
TASK F............................................................................................................................................7
Use appropriate corporate examples and literature to justify the stand......................................7
TASK G...........................................................................................................................................8
Based on discussion and debate suggestions and recommendations that make to enhance
organisational performance.........................................................................................................8
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Organisational theory and practice refers to the study that is very effective within the
business enterprises. Effectively focus on the organisational theory and practice is providing the
long life advantage to the company by examine the solutions and purposes to solve the issues.
This concept helps in enhancing the efficiency and productivity and also meeting all the
requirements of the stakeholders so that firm will sustain for a longer period of time. It is a set if
interrelated concept that helps in explaining the behaviour of the groups within team so that
goals can be attained within a prescribed period of time. In this management practice is the term
that defines methods of working of manager to enhance the effectiveness of the employees. For
completing this project, British American Tobacco is taken that is one of the largest
multinational company who manufactures and sells cigarettes and nicotine goods. This
organisation is founded in 1902 that headquartered in London. This organisation can deals in
around 180 countries with their various nicotine products brands that are Dun hill, Kent, Lucky
strike, Pall mall etc. The main aim of developing this project report is to examine the issues of
the company so that effective and appropriate outcome is to be blown out. Under this project
management style of the CEO Mr. jack Marie Henry David Bowles can be undertaken. Further
the organisational structure and culture is to be analysed that could heavily impact on the
employees and their performance. It also explains the leadership style, effect of power, influence
and conflicts and also the types of motivation included that can be used in the British American
Tobacco. At last provide some recommendations and suggestions that helps in maximising the
organisational performance(Hayes, 2018).
TASK A
Examine management style and state principle and functions of management used by CEO of
British American Tobacco
Management style refers to that way which the managers can use for accomplishing their
objectives. It helps the managers to make decisions related to planning and organizing work. In
every company manager can adopts their own style for attaining the goals and objectives. In
terms of British American Tobacco, the CEO of the company Mr. Jack Marie Henry David
Bowles can adopts their own management style because jack has significant experience and
knowledge in the management and leadership that helps in accomplishing the goals and targets
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within a prescribed period of time and it also helps in motivating employees for given the
productive work. There are various management style that can be shown below:
 Visionary- this management style denotes to that style in which manager communicates
an objectives that staff members believes in that helps in convincing them to achieve the
goal. In this employees are more satisfied and motivates towards attaining the
goals(Bamber and Stefani, 2016).
 Transformational- This style of management is that in which managers can believe to
do changes as per the requirements of environment. This helps in motivating the
employees to expect changes and this leads to improving the performance.
In case of Mr. Jack Bowles within BAT company they follows the transformational style
of management as they occur many changes as per the market environment so that company will
become a largest producing of nicotine products. This is also useful in growing the potential
reducing risk goods organisation. This will represents as a great opportunity for the company in
becoming world largest company with best employee that work effectively and efficiently.
Principles and functions of management used by Mr. Jack Bowles
 Planning- This function of management is very essential because in this planning is
done. In case of British American Tobacco company, Jack can plan in advance what to
do and what kind of activity is to be done that helps in gaining the competition within
marketplace. In this Jack Bowles can follow the authority principle where they can give
proper instruction on the basis of planning(Johansen and Cadmus, 2016).
 Organising- In this function of management, Mr. Jack Bowles focus on maintaining their
brand image and for their they can maintain their contacts with distributors and retailers.
In this Jack Bowles can focus on recruiting people and train them so that all staff member
are working together and achieves their task. For properly organising the work manager
can adopts the principle of division of work because in this employees get the proper
training so that they get specialised in this and accomplishing their task in an effective
manner.
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TASK B
Analyse steps that regards to organisational structure in order to attain high performance and
state organisation culture at British American Tobacco and its impact on employees
Organisation structure refers to that outline which is designs by top authority to attain the
goals and objectives of the firm within specified time and in an effective and efficient manner. In
terms of British American Tobacco company steps related to the organisational structure can be
shown below:
Clear defining goals- to attain the employees high performance company like BAT can
focus on clearing defining their objectives to the team members so that task can be accomplished
within a specified period of time. As it also motivates employees towards the goals
accomplishment(Al‐Hamdan, Nussera and Masa'deh, 2016).
Examine and eliminating internal roadblocks- In case of BAT company Jack Bowles
can examine all the roadblocks that is present in completing the task and also in growth of the
organisation so that they can remove it by taking corrective actions on the right time. For this
they can focus more in research department so that they can effectively examine the barriers
internally so that company can gain higher profits.
Training and development strategy- It is another step of organisation structure in which
manager of BAT can provide proper training and development session to their employees so that
employees done their task effectively that give efficient results in the sustainability of the
organisation.
All this aspects under the organisation structure can positively influence the performance of
employee so that business enterprise may gain higher profits and revenues(Morden, 2017).
Handy's culture model:
Organisational culture refers to the collection of the norms, values, customs, behaviour of
an individual person. To effectively understand the organisational culture Handy's culture is
approapriate that can also be adopted by the BAT organisation in their working place so that
productive and proficient results can be gained out.
 Person culture- In context of British American Tobacco person culture can be adopted
by the manager where every employee is responsible for the doing their work. It
represents that the staff members who are working within organisation are very
important. Due to this each and every employee give there best so that task can be
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attained on time. It also helps in motivating employees to work effectively and reach their
set targets. Hence, this organisational culture place an positive impact on the overall
performance of the employees due to this their skills and knowledge also enhanced. This
will lead to longer sustainability of the company(Korneeva, Usvyat and Dobrydina,
2020).
TASK C
Describe leadership style of CEO of British American Tobacco to enhance organisational
effectiveness
Leadership style refers to that method which is followed by the leader's to provide
direction, implementation plan, motivating people. It is an effective approach within organisation
because it helps in decision making process for accomplishing the task on time. Leadership style
helps in enhancing the productivity of the firm due to which operations can be done in smooth
way. Following effective leadership style helps gaining the employee trust due to this they can
effectively focus on completing their assigned work and due to this firm will gain higher success.
There are various kinds of leadership style that can be shown below:
 Participative style- It refers to that style of leadership that is adopted by the CEO Jack
Bowles of BAT company that is helpful in formulate the strong teams that shows their
creativity in their work that gives the productive results to the company. In this
employees are participating in taking decisions that feel secured at the job and this helps
in achieving the goals(Elsmore, 2017).
 Transformational style- In this CEO of BAT company can adopts this style of
leadership to accepting change and also motivating employees towards accepting change
so that helps in attaining the goals and vision. It also encourage employees towards
accepting change and doing task according to that so that higher profits can be received
by the organisation.
 Laissez-faire style- As this leadership style is adopted by manager Jack Bowles in their
company BAT in which they provide the authority to their professional employees in
accomplishing the task. This style of leadership is developing the healthy working
environment within organisation so that goals can be attained on time. In this employees
are also feel motivates to present their productive work.
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 Authoritarian style- It refers to that leadership style in which policies and procedures
can be dictate by the top authority to their employees. This style of leadership is very
effective at the time of critical situation because due to this decisions can be made very
quickly and task can be attained in short period of time. It will create a formal
relationship between employee and employer due to this task can be gained on time.
Above all explained leadership style it is to be analysed that the Mr. Jack Bowles can
adopts all these style of leadership as per the situation occur because of attaining the targets on
time. This helps in maintaining the productivity within employees performance due to this
operations can be done in a smooth way. This helps in enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency
the organisational profits and sustainability that is the major motto of the company(Anning-
Dorson, 2016).
TASK D
Analyse effect of power, influence and conflict at chosen firm
In every organisation working as a team is very complex task because every person has
their own perspective to done the work. Due to this different way of thinking conflicts may be
raised between the employees and to manage the team and their effectiveness company need to
focus on the power, influence and conflicts within the working environment. In context of British
American Tobacco power, influence and conflict can be elaborated below:
 Influence- This factor is effective because in this manager can influence the employees
in an effective manner and in this manager can adopts the creative style so that they
effectively motivate their employees for good work. In case of British American Tobacco
, employees need effective guidance and direction that can influence them to work
effectively and efficiently. In this team members need full support to their leaders in
attaining the targets. In this leaders can support their employees by fulfilling all their
needs so that employees are easily influenced towards attaining the goals on specified
period of time(Reino, Rõigas and Müürsepp, 2020).
 Power- It represents the power that is formulated within the organisation for attaining the
task and completing the goals. In context of British American Tobacco company both
power and responsibilities are worker simultaneously because in their managers have the
power to circulates the task and employees are responsible for fulfilling this task on a
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specified period of time. In this managers of the BAT can responsible for delegating
authority and responsibilities among team members so that productive work can be done
that gives effective and efficient results.
 Conflict- It refers to that aspect which is related to disputes and misunderstanding
between employees based on the decisions and suggestions. It represents that every
employees have their own way of thinking that does not match with other person due to
which conflicts may arises and it also affect the overall performance of the working area.
This also put more emphasis on overall productivity of the employees. IN case of British
American Tobacco the manager can focus on the employees behaviour and also gives
them right to share their viewpoints regarding completing the work so that manager can
select the best alternative and also passes it to the team members so that they can also
understand effectively and this helps in fulfilling the work on set time duration(Gipson
and et. al., 2017).
TASK E
Discuss various types of motivation used at British American Tobacco
Motivation:
It is defined as a motive behind the people's activities, desire and aim which satisfies
them. These are wants or needs which are acquired through effect of society, lifestyle, culture or
naturally.
Marlow's need hierarchy:
Maslow's need hierarchy model is a motivational theory represented within a pyramid at
different levels. It comprises of five stages through which humans attains their satisfaction level.
This model states that, those needs should be satisfied first which are mentioned at the lower
level in a pyramid and the needs which are mentioned at top of the pyramid comes at last
because it denotes the end point of satisfaction. Needs stated are: physiological, safety, love and
belonging, esteem and self-actualisation needs.
Types of motivation:
Types generally includes salary/incentives motivations, based on fear, affiliation
motivation, based on achievement, power based motivation.
In context of BRITISH AMERICAN TOBACCO,
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Physiological Needs: It consists of basic needs without which the survival of any human
being is very difficult. These needs are considered as on primary level because until these are not
satisfied then no one can jump to higher expectations. This level includes food, shelter, clothing,
warmth and sleep. Type of motivation used here is salary/incentives motivations.
Safety Needs: This is the next level of need which every human being searches after
fulfilling it's physiological needs. It consist emotional and financial security, law and order,
freedom from fear, social stability, property, heath and well-being. Type of motivation used here
is based on fear motivation(Pai and Bendersky, 2020).
Love and Belongingness Needs: After accomplishing the physiological and safety
needs, one will make sure that they should be satisfied in love and belongingness needs. These
includes, friendship, receiving and giving affection and love, feeling of affiliation and being part
of a group. Type of motivation used here is affiliation motivation.
Esteem Needs: After attainment of third level, human will definitely desire for esteem
needs which consists dignity, achievement, status and prestige. Without having this satisfaction
level, it can become tough for the humans to grow in any organization. Type of motivation used
here is based on achievement motivation.
Self-Actualisation Needs: This is the highest level of Maslow's need theory, if this need
is attained by any human being then he/she will be at it's biggest satisfaction level. This level
expresses the desire to achieve everything in life that one wishes for. For example, finding and
indulging in a given situation, acquiring entertainment and satisfaction in a present moment,
understanding what one need to obtain a sense of fulfilment, propensity to feel secure and
remorseless in who they are. Type of motivation used here is power based motivation.
TASK F
Use appropriate corporate examples and literature to justify the stand
There are various examples and literature can be used in this report to justify that the
management style and leadership helps in attaining the objectives of the company in an
appropriate way. Some examples can be shown below:
Example- The first example is based on the corporate organisation that is the Tesco which is
one of the largest organisation in which manager can follow proper guidelines and management
style to manage and organise the employees performance so that they provide productive work to
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the organisation. As in this organisation can adopts the transformational leadership style to
manage the work and adopting changes. This also motivates employees for the good work so that
effective outcomes can be come out.
Example- In terms of PWC company manager can adopts the maslow need hierarchy model that
is useful to motivate and encourage the employees towards the work and in this they can
motivates their staff member by using the bonus, medical facility, training facility, monetary
benefits etc. so that they encouraged towards the work. This also helps in developing the
effective team because in this manager can giving rewards for their successful results within
team. This will develops the individual potential of working and due to this company can attain
the high profits and market share.
So it is to be justified that the use of management style, organisation culture and proper
leadership style organisation can reach their goal and sustain in the marketplace for a longer
period of time. All this also helps in gaining the competitive advantage and attracting the large
base of customers so that market position also maintained(Greer and Dannals, 2017).
TASK G
Based on discussion and debate suggestions and recommendations that make to enhance
organisational performance
To enhance the performance of the employees within British American Tobacco, CEO
Jack Bowles can focus on improvement so that effectiveness of the business enterprise can be
maintained. To gain the organisational performance this report suggest some recommendations
that can be shown below:
 Upgraded technology- It is to be recommended that the company can upgrade their
technology on timely basis. This helps in enhancing the effectiveness within organisation
as in this manager can evaluate the performance of employees so that productivity results
can be shown out. And for sharing important communication company can use the
computer software so that information can be transfer to only those employees whop
need this due to this security can be maintained and it will disclose the effective culture
of the organisation(Haque and et. al., 2017).
 Improving the work performance- to maximise the organisational performance
manager can focus on removing distraction for this they can adopts the best leadership
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style in which vision is to be clear that is effectively understand by the employees so that
their performance also increases. In this leader can focus on their employees work as they
only focus on one particular task so that they can give the productive reulsts in terms of
productive outcomes.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it is to be concluded that organisation theory and practice is one of
the important term within organisation for achieving the targets and to maintain the long term
sustainability. It inculcates the explantation of management style that helps in getting the
productive results. This report can inculcates the various concepts of the management that is
based on their style, culture, power etc. and all this terms helps the Business to gain higher
profits and revenues so that organisation may survive for a longer period of time.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Al‐Hamdan, Z., Nussera, H. and Masa'deh, R., 2016. Conflict management style of Jordanian
nurse managers and its relationship to staff nurses’ intent to stay. Journal of nursing
management. 24(2). pp.E137-E145.
Anning-Dorson, T., 2016. Organisational culture and leadership as mediators of service
innovation and firm competitiveness: A study of an emerging economy. International
Journal of Innovation Management. 20(07). p.1650064.
Bamber, V. and Stefani, L., 2016. Taking up the challenge of evidencing value in educational
development: From theory to practice. International Journal for Academic
Development. 21(3). pp.242-254.
Elsmore, P., 2017. Organisational Culture: Organisational Change?: Organisational Change?.
Routledge.
Gipson, A.N. and et. al., 2017. Women and leadership: Selection, development, leadership style,
and performance. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science. 53(1). pp.32-65.
Greer, L.L. and Dannals, J.E., 2017. Conflict in teams. The Wiley Blackwell handbook of team
dynamics, teamwork, and collaborative working, pp.317-344.
Haque, M.J. and et. al., 2017. Nutritional Status, Personal Hygiene and Health Seeking Behavior
of the Workers of British American Tobacco Company, Dhaka,
Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics. 8(2). pp.23-30.
Hayes, J., 2018. The theory and practice of change management. Palgrave.
Johansen, M.L. and Cadmus, E., 2016. Conflict management style, supportive work
environments and the experience of work stress in emergency nurses. Journal of
Nursing Management. 24(2). pp.211-218.
Korneeva, A.V., Usvyat, N.D. and Dobrydina, T.I., 2020, March. Leadership Style via
Managerial Communicative and Organizational Skills. In International Scientific
Conference" Far East Con"(ISCFEC 2020) (pp. 682-687). Atlantis Press.
Morden, T., 2017. Principles of management. Routledge.
Pai, J. and Bendersky, C., 2020. Team status conflict. Current opinion in psychology. 33. pp.38-
41.
Reino, A., Rõigas, K. and Müürsepp, M., 2020. Connections between organisational culture and
financial performance in Estonian service and production companies. Baltic Journal of
Management.
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