Employee Engagement and Organizational Behavior

This assignment delves into the critical topic of employee engagement within organizational settings. It requires students to examine various theories and models that explain employee motivation, commitment, and performance. The analysis should encompass different dimensions of employee engagement, such as emotional, behavioral, and cognitive aspects. Students are expected to critically evaluate research findings on the impact of organizational practices, leadership styles, and justice perceptions on employee engagement. Case studies may be used to illustrate real-world applications of these concepts.

ORGANIZATION AND
BEHAVIOUR

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1................................................................................................................................................1
1.2................................................................................................................................................2
1.3................................................................................................................................................2
TASK 2 ...........................................................................................................................................3
2.1................................................................................................................................................3
2.2................................................................................................................................................4
2.3................................................................................................................................................5
3.1................................................................................................................................................5
3.2................................................................................................................................................6
3.3................................................................................................................................................7
4.1................................................................................................................................................7
4.2................................................................................................................................................8
4.3................................................................................................................................................8
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
An Organization comprises of a social gathering of people who have come together to
achieve a common business goal (Alblas, Wijsman and Noort, 2012). The individual co-
ordinates and co-operates by contributing their efforts in achieving the assigned roles and
responsibilities. Organizational behaviour is a part of human attributes which includes the his
nature of individuals in a in a working environment and its impacts of the same on his their
performance, job structure, communication, motivation leadership etc. The concept examines
both group and individuals behaviour and their performances in the corporation (Langford and
Retik, 2012). The present report will evaluate the different aspects of City college and Enterprise
rent-a car's organization and behaviour within their business units while focusing on varied areas
such as structure, culture, team work, leadership, motivation etc.
TASK 1
1.1
The organizational culture of an business entity refers to the mentality, work ethics and
values of the company's owners and the employees. And theOrganizational structure on the other
hand refers to the actual framework of an corporation and its operational activities which reflects
the line of authority and control in the business. Ait is a hierarchical arrangement of all the
authorities, communication processes and rights and duties of an organization. and a It is a set of
systems shared assumptions, values and beliefs which governs how people behave at the work
place is the culture of the business firm (Diefenbach, 2013).
Tall structure has been adopted by city college for carrying out its operational activities.
The structure has made a well defined hierarchy levels of hierarchy which defines duties roles
and responsibilities in the organization. AdministrationAdminister of ing various operational
activities have become efficient due to departmentalization in the firm. Operational activities
and all the controlling powers are residing withinwith the managementmanager control s due to
thewhich clearly reflects that power culture has been adopted by the corporation. This has
resulted in Low motivation attitude has developed of employees due to minimum involvement in
organizational decisions but it has also minimized the occurrence of errors and faults (Parker and
Griffin, 2011).

On the other sidehand Enterprise rent-a car ishas adopted using flat structure for
administering its all business activities. In this format involvement of the employees is high. and
Due to limited control and interference of management ling is low which in turn has developed
better communication of workforce and their along with this participation in all activities has
been influenced.. Role culture has been adopted by the organization where the duties and
responsibilities are divided and administered as per the requirements of the corporation (Brown,
2013).
Organizational culture is a set of beliefs, attitudes and the responsibility and these factors
can help the employees in the firm. According to Charles Handy model there are four type of
model which can be followed by the organizations which includes power culture, role culture,
task culture and power culture. Power culture has been adopted by the City college where top
management has undertaken the sole power of making decisions (Meesala, 2011). Role culture
in which the responsibilities are prescribed according to their qualifications and performance. In
Enterprise rent-a car, employees are given the power of decision making. Moreover delegation of
authority and responsibilities are effective hence role culture is adopted by the firm.
1.2
Organizational culture involves the values shared by the organizations. Several issues like
code of conduct, working pattern of management, obligations by the superiors and a process of
complaint or issue passes through different organizational level which helps in developing an
effective working style in the business. By adopting organizational structure City college has
allowed effective formation of different authoritative groups that will regulates business
activities to manage every roles and responsibilityies efficiently (Meyer, Stanley and
Parfyonova, 2012). This framework allows effective communication and coordination which
build a healthy culture. in Enterprise rent-a car and motivate the employees to work in the
direction of organization goals attainment . Structure defines the roles and responsibilities of
every individual and their interrelation to serve the consumers thus roles are delegated and
monitored while managing the control in the business. This clear roles and
responsibilitiesrelationship increases effective coordination between organization's task and job
that facilitates in developing a positive culture. Participation of employees thus becomes high in

the business. These factors helps the managers in setting up the mission and vision of companies
as well (Macey and Schneider, 2008).
1.3
Organizations are formed by the individuals who plays a significant role in attaining
effective business objectives. Their behaviour can be effected by both innate and environmental
factors. The following is the explanation of the effects of individualthe behaviour of these factors
on the employees of City college and Enterprise rent-a car:. Physical characters, age, gender,
religion, experience are included in biographic. Personality, traits and attitude are the significant
aspect for the same (Malinen, Wright and Cammock, 2013). Personality:-Age, gender, nationality, personality etc. are the demographic factors which
contributes in developing the mental state and bond of understanding between the
workforce which in-turn will develops the performance of the employees. Attitude:- This defines the readiness for the employees towards the tasks and goals given.
It decides the level of contribution of the employee in task (Le and et. al., 2010).
Businesses enhances employee attitude to attain effective results from the employees. Perception:-The ability of analysing and assumingasuming things by the employees is
referredrefered as individuals perception. Thisperception.This helps the business firm to
develop the growth and measures within the organization by influencing employee
perceptionpeception towards job roles (Klein and Delery, 2012).
TASK 2
2.1
A leadership style is a leader's styleway of providing direction, implementing plans and
motivating people. It is less about self needs and more about for the other peopleteam members
requirements in the organization .The concept defines the manner and approaches of motivating
the employees in the team. The following are some of the leadership styles which can be adopted
by City college and Enterprise rent-a car: Authoritative leadership: The sole control and decision making power and authorities are
assigned to the leader in thea team in this style. The tasks are given according to the
performance and the capabilities of the team members and they are expected to complete

the work assigned. City college has adopted this style to enhance its position in the
competitive market (Diefenbach, 2013). The style is of controlling nature and has the
minimum flexibility in decision making. It divides the duties and responsibilities and also
guides on the tasks and the process through they are to be performed which reflects high
control but low employee involvement.
 Democratic leadership: In this concept leaders are more likely to involve the team and
the carry out activities in a cooperative manner. Leaders effectively discuss the problems
of the team members. A positive environment is created by solving the issues and
conflicts of the team and also dDecision making is cooperative which and this will
develops a mutual approach of working. Enterprise is using the system by creating an
open communication process with the help of management team. Flat organisational
structure has helped infor attaining favourable results for the same.
2.2
In structured organization setting management has to integrate with the business roles to
attain predetermined objectives. It helps in influencing the efforts of the employees towards the
same. Scientific management theory is age old approach which is adopted in businesses at
different aspects. It has been adopted in business as follows: Division of work:- It is the course of task which is assigned and completed by a staff
members for increasing the efficiency. City college has made different departments while
enterprise has divided work as per roles (Lavelle, Rupp and Brockner, 2007). Authority:- The concept of authority and responsibility are related to each other. City
college has developed a process of centralised authority while enterprise has developed
leadership aspects to divide authorities in the business (Dalal and et. al., 2012). Discipline:- City college has developed a rigid code of conduct which has created a
significant discipline aspects. While in case of enterprise discipline aspects is managed
by quality management system ESQi. Unity of command:- City college applied this system in form of rigid structure while
enterprise has developed unity of command in a flexible manner by developing regional
outlets.

 Remuneration:- Cost of living, supply of qualified personnel and success of business
determines the labour pay rate. Enterprise has launched many schemes and incentive
plans for welfare of employees. It has adopted a well defined management system for
taking care of the remuneration of the employees. City college on the other hand has
created a rigid means of process where remuneration is not effective and controlled by
top management (Alblas, Wijsman and Noort, 2012).
2.3
There are three types of approaches which the organizations can use for management, for
example classical, neoclassical and modern (Meesala, 2011). City college and Enterprise rent-a
car uses the following approaches in their administration process : Classical approach: City college is using the classical approach for management.
Organizations have concepts that are commonly known as classical theories of an
corporation. TheA business entity is a structure of power, relationship, objective, roles,
activities, communication and other factors that exists when a person works together with
someone. The organizationCity college is more focused on the physicalcontrolling
aspects and structure of the working rather than employee needs and demands. Company
is only focused on results and not on the working culture and aspects. It has resulted
developed a high level of frustration within employees thus minimized employee
retention (Langford and Retik, 2012).
 Neoclassical approach: Enterprise rent- a car uses the neoclassical approach. This
concept is also referred as a human relations school of thought which reflects a
modification to and improves over the classical theories. The theory has enabled
Enterprise rent-a car to focus more on the primary, physiological and social aspects of the
employees. They are treated as assets of the companyan individual. and Their relations
with the other colleagues within the organization are managed significantly. This has
helped company in creating high motivational aspects within employees which has
influenced employee motivation and innovative and creative thinkingon in the business
as well (Brown, 2013).
3.1
Leadership styles have many significant effects on the business activities and the
structures of the organizations. These styles effect everyone from the management level to the

new candidates or the interns. The corporate culture and performance of the organization is
influenced. The below mentioned are the effects of the these styles on City college and
Enterprise rent-a car's employees: Autocratic style: The style is also termed as authoritarian which clearly makes a division
between leaders and workers. LeadersFormer make decision with very much or no
involvement from staff members. The management of City college has taken the sole
control of decision making responsibility for the organization strategies and plans. This
has resulted in low employee involvement whichand has created an insignificant impact
on employee retention and motivation in the business (Parker and Griffin, 2011).
 Participative leadership: The style is also known as democratic leadership. and It is the
most commonly used in most of the organizations. and also used by Enterprise rent-a car
has adopted the same approach of leadership. This style is opposite to autocratic one. The
management of Enterprise rent-a car provides guidance and proper training to its teams
and employees in the various departments. In this concept each and every individual is
involved and their feedbacks are considered important. The final decision making process
is done by the leaders but the ideas, views and suggestions of the team members and the
staff are encouraged and motivated. This style has a positive effect on employee
performance. and due to that tThey feel power and confidence in doing their job and
decisions making (Meyer, Stanley and Parfyonova, 2012). This has helped in developing
innovative working styles within employee of Enterprise.
3.2
McGregor's X-Y theory focuses on leadership aspects of the business which has a
significant impact on employee performance and motivation. Many of the managers are
influenced by theory X which in general focuses on controlling employee actions thus provides
poor results. On the other hand using the Y theory produces better performance and results as
managers adoptive participative approach to monitor and control employee
performanceperfromance (Macey and Schneider, 2008). The following are the impacts of the X-
Y theories on individuals of City college and Enterprise rent-a car:
City college has adopted the traditional means where the workforce is managed in a
significant manner. A restricted level of communication exists is there between the employees
and there involvement in business is also low as well. Staff are delegated the roles and

responsibility they are expected to attain from given minimum support and training. The work
pressure is high among the staff. along with monetary terms in working style. This has created a
insignificant impact on the employees (Klein and Delery, 2012). Thus it can be analysed shown
that by adopting Theory X in City college, employees are less motivatedhas minised the level of
motivation for the employees. On contrary Enterprise rent-a car has adopted theory Y of
managing the business. Here leaders are involved effectively in business activities. Participation
of employees in business activities and decision making proxcess enhances their self-motivation
which in-turn develops high rate of trust and loyalty. Team work is another aspect of this
approach. This helps the company in attaining desired and favourable goals (Le and et. al.,
2010).
3.3
A motivation theory could be used to gain better performance and desired goals and
objectives of the organization (Cole and et. al., 2012). There is no methodology for increasing
productivity without using motivation. City college and Enterprise rent-a car should use
Herzberg's two factor theory for ensuring the employees demands. Their and needs are satisfied
to the full extent. This concept is also known as motivation- hygiene or dual factor theory. T,
these factors plays a significant role in the workplace in while providing job satisfaction to
employees. This will results in an increase in productivity of the organization due to an
increasehigh in the employee satisfaction. Another thing that could be done for easier problem
solving is to consider the motivational needs in the pyramid form The remuneration could be tied
to performance, extra task and special ideas could be given inthorugh special recognition in line
with achievement motivation theory. The managers benefits could be tied to overall performance
to ensure that he will be interested to make changes. A motivational theory would be highly
valuable in transforming and developing the attitudes and behaviours of the staff and bring even
better performance for them to increase the organizational profits and consumers loyalty (Dalal
and et. al., 2012). Application of these theories by employees in order to reduce the problem of
mandatory defection in workplace and workers disengagement.
4.1
Individual and group performance plays a significant role in attainment of the desired
goals and objectives of the organization. Employees working together as a team are proved
profitable for the business and also creates a positive impact on the operational activities of the

corporation. Working as a team is one of the most significant part of business activities.
However to determine the group behaviour companies analyse the formal and informal aspects
of the firm.
Formal groups are the onehose which are created to achieve the specific and pre-
determined goals and objectives of the corporation. A well structure of responsibilities and
authorities is maintained within the team members. Tuck man theory of group formation defines
various stages of group formation which includes Forming (bringing employees together),
Sstorming (Developing a basic formal relation) norming (delegating roles and responsibilities)
and performing (actual performance of the group). These groups are developed to attain business
objectives.
Informal,groups are those which are developed on a deliberate basis due to common
interest, needs, preferences etc. These groups are useful for managing the positive working
environment in the organization. City college has developed a well defined group however lack
informal behaviour in the business enhanced high level of frustration for employees.
4.2
There are several internal and external factors which are significantly important for an
effective team work. Moreover the tTeams are built strong due to competitiveness toughness or
high energysynergy levels and which can make other teams weak. The following are some of the
factors which make an effective team. and which These are adopted by City college and
Enterprise rent-a car: Trust among team members:- Trust is the most essential factor among the employees of a
team (Alblas, Wijsman and Noort, 2012). If trust is lacking among the team members, it
is the responsibility of the team leader that he/she has to build a feeling of trust among its
team members for the growth and the success of thea team. City college is having a
number of expertise staff which head the various teams in the organization to achieve the
desired goals. Commitment of actions towards decision and plans:- Group results come after the
commitment of the team, towhich helps a leader take the good decisions. If promise are
not fulfilled by the troupe members, team will not grow and never become successful
(Diefenbach, 2013). Enterprise has developed a successful team by influencing memebrts
to meet the organisational commitment and goals.

 Achieving the collective results: Vision and mission of the City college and Enterprise
rent-a car should be accepted by the team members and should have been a responsibility
of the unit to achieve the goals and the objectives (Langford and Retik, 2012). If the team
id not accepting any of the objective or is ignoring the same then there are no chances of
success of the organization (Brown, 2013).
4.3
Technology in the workplace allows the businesses to expand quickly and efficiently
(Meesala, 2011). The advancements such as video conferencing, social network and virtual
office technology has removed workplace boundaries that previously limited business expansion.
With business technology the corporations can target a wider customer base and grow to higher
levelsm (Klein and Delery, 2012). Improves communication: It improves and develops the communication process in the
workplace. The employees are not limited to phone calls or inter office mails for
interacting with one another. Business technology has improved the communication of
City college with clients and business partners which develops a strong bond with them
(Parker and Griffin, 2011). Human Capital: Technology in the workplace improves the efficiency of screening,
recruiting the candidates of higher potential. The managers of Enterprise rent-a car are
targeting the candidates by using digital advertising technology that tracks the websites
they visit. Technology like personality assessment and screening tools allow business to
determine whether a potential candidate is an appropriate fit for the organization
(Malinen, Wright and Cammock, 2013).
 Efficiency:-Office technology used saves the time by speeding up the work flow process.
Digital filing systems save space, paper and printing costs. The use of computers in City
college have minimized the rate of errors and also the corrections are done instantly and
an access to information technology are available with a click (Meyer, Stanley and
Parfyonova, 2012).
CONCLUSION
In the above report it has been concluded that organisational behaviour is very much
significant for each and every type of corporation whether it may be large or small one. The
above analysis is carried out on City College and Enterprise Rent Aa Car. There are diversified

categories of individuals working in the institution, they need proper coordination and the
communication process should be effective among all the workers. So that they can perform the
tasks prescribed to them with an efficiency and effectiveness. For every staff member,
motivation is required for giving the best performance and it is very helpful for City College and
Enterprise Rent A Car to know about the ethical and the corporate culture so that goals and the
objectives can be easily achieved. Moreover motivational theories and different types of groups
of the organisational behaviour has been discussed.

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