Organizational Behavior: Merits and Demerits of Relying on Stereotypes
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This essay explores the merits and demerits of relying on stereotypes in organizational behavior. It also discusses the application of organizational theories, organizational problems, and managerial interventions.
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Running head: ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR1 ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR Student Name Institution Affiliation
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ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR2 It is better to rely on stereotypes than to enter into a relationship with someone from another culture without any idea of what they believe in. This essay shows that relying on stereotypes is important and also has problems. There are various merits associated with relying on stereotypes than entering into a relationship with people from different cultures with any idea of their behavior, beliefs, and customers. To begin with, stereotyping is important in the workplace because it provides full information of a person in case there are any non-observable characteristics. Essential information about a person is provided no unexpected information can be given. Also, through stereotyping, information can be well organized by placing the people into different categories (McFarlane, 2013). This is important because a person once stereotyped is seen for what he/she can contribute to the business and not what he/she is. Further, stereotypes help us to be quickly responsive to different situations due to similar experience before. They are also helpful because they help us respond well to meeting new people. Additionally, stereotypes bring about self- esteem and help one not to be anxious. This is done by placing one into his\her own group and others into groups considered normal. It gives one a sense of worth. Furthermore, through stereotyping, people are considered to have the abilities and characteristics the members of that group have (McFarlane, 2013). It brings about explanations of other people’s behavior and represents social classification. Again, through stereotyping, people are able to enter into their own groups and this makes them have a sense of belonging. Stereotypes also enable us to remember any information that we have of other people. This is because stereotyping usually categorizes people in a way which can be remembered in future. Stereotypes help us to be aware of differences between groups and also the norms and values that exist regardless of the assumptions that exist (McFarlane, 2013). They usually guide us and shape our attitudes and
ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR3 behaviors towards other people, group or culture. Stereotyping is important to those people entering new cultures because they provide the necessary information so that they will not make any mistakes in future. Lastly, stereotypes are important because they exist in every community, culture, and society. This is significant because they portray something about the character and also human traits. They are important because they categorize people and events in a way which can be remembered (Tajfel, 2010). Hence stereotypes are helpful while entering complex environments of languages, places, culture, and people. However, this stereotyping is associated with various problems if evidenced within an organizational or workplace setting. Stereotyping is not well applied especially to a group of people, because a negative feedback can be drawn from that group. Example if one person is rude then the entire group can be considered rude. Effects of stereotyping usually emerge after long periods of time has passed, peoples opinions may be judged wrongly and others may be blamed for doing wrong. This usually leads to wrong performance also prevent emotional identification. Stereotypes don’t represent groups in an accurate manner but they usually occur when there are differences among the groups and try to explain them (Mellahi, Jackson & Sparks, 2011). Stereotypes are most of the times determined by the social status of a person or a group and not the actual characteristics of a person or the group. Stereotypes usually affect the morale of the employees especially the cultural stereotype. If the employees believe that stereotypes determine how they are treated, then they may end up leaving the organization. Stereotypes may lead to low productivity of the organization; at times customers are dissatisfied and also may reduce the revenues of the organization. Stereotyping doesn’t give the employees the opportunity to present their ideas and use their skills in solving problems. This affects the organization because there is lack of teamwork and open communication from the employees
ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR4 (Mellahi, Jackson & Sparks, 2011) Stereotypes are persistent regardless of the information, truth, and facts that have been discovered. This brings about discrimination and bias information. To achieve this objective, three learning outcomes will be targeted as below: Learning outcomes one: Organizational behavior is the study which reflects the impact that people or groups have on an organization so as to use the knowledge to improve the effectiveness of the organization. There are different theories of organizational behavior which companies should apply. The theory of cognitive dissonance; it explains the relationship between attitudes and behavior. Managers should understand well the employees’ attitudes and behaviors, by doing this they will be able to reduce the dissonance incase its uncontrollable (Ivancevich, Konopaske, & Mattenson, 2011). Managers require their employees to avoid absenteeism, they can do this by creating job attitudes which are positive. Employees with attitude theories can reduce dissonance hence leading to a good job performance. Personality-job fit theory; it states that satisfaction and employee turnover is determined by personality type and occupational environment. Managers can ensure the success of the organization by matching the personalities with jobs (Hai & Sherif, 2011). They should also work together with others both internal and external. Learning theories; it states that learning occurs every time as we learn from our experiences. Managers should act as good role models for the employees and allow them to learn by offering rewards to them (Shermerhorn et al., 2012). By doing this, they will have very little information to change their behavior. Managers apply the learning theories to motivate the employees by allowing them to make decisions.
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ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR5 Learning outcome two: There are several organizational problem situations which occur in most of the organizations. Unethical behaviors by employees; managers should come up with policies and practices that cover ethics violations. By doing this, employees will ensure that no mistakes are done because they know the consequences (Yukl, George, & Jones, 2010). The managers should act as good role models by practicing what they offer. This will make the employees follow their footsteps hence ensuring that the organization performance is effective. Lack of motivation of employees; in some organizations, the employees are not well motivated(Maslow, 2012). This may due to the job conditions or individual inputs. Managers should pay the employees in time and also offer rewards to them at other times. They should ensure that the job environment is conducive to the employees. By doing this they will feel motivated and they will work effectively. Low turnover; there is a problem of low turnover by both the employees and managers in some organizations. This may be due to insufficient resources required in the firm whereby the employees may fail to report because there are no resources. To solve this, managers should ensure that there are enough resources so that the productivity of the firm may not reduce (Brown et al., 2011). This will lead to increased profits. Absenteeism can be due to social problems of the employees. They may have problems at home which might make them not to report for their jobs. Managers should consider them and give them off days to try and solve their problems. Failure to acknowledge changes; the culture of any organization is important, but sometimes employees may fail to acknowledge the organization culture(Schein, 2013). This may lead to poor performance because they work not following any rules. Managersshould
ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR6 ensure that all employees should work under rules and regulations of the organization to ensure its success. Learning outcome three: In the research on organizational behavior, some developments have emerged. Concepts like organizational culture, rituals, symbolic acts are being used hence making anthropology useful. There has been increased interest in both ethics and its importance by the researchers and also the leadership studies. The researchers of organizational behavior have also studied about the aesthetic sphere of organizations. The methods which the researchers have used include; quantitative methods, computer simulation and qualitative methods(Neuman, 2011). On the other hand, there has been an organizational failure which is the deterioration of the organization. This has been to a reduction in financial markets, reduced profits, shrinking of markets and also exit from international markets(Mellahi, Jackson, & Sparks, 2011). Assumptions on the failure are that the external markets are imposing pressure on organizations and that most firms are operating under similar goals. Research suggests that organizational failure is due to high competition, change in consumer tastes anddecline in demand. There has been organizational neuroscience which has emerged due to the increased number of publications(Westell &White, 2012). The idea behind organizational neuroscience is less rigorous according to researchers. In conclusion we have identified that relying on stereotypes has both merits and demerits. We have examined that the objective of stereotypes brings about three outcomes; how the organizational theories are applied in an organizational setting, the organizational problems and
ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR7 managerial interventions cultural, ethical and social concern. Lastly, we have reviewed the current developments in organizational behavior and its critiques.
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ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR8 References Brown, S., McHardy, J., McNabb, R.,& Taylor, K. (2011). Workplace performance, worker commitment, and loyalty.Journal of Economics &Management Strategy, 20, 925-955. Hai, N.N.,& Sherif, M. (2011). Leadership behaviors, organizational culture and knowledge management practices.journal of management development,30, 206-221. Ivancevich, J., Konopaske, R.,&Matteson, M. (2011).Organizational behavior and management.New York: McGraw Hill(9th Ed). Maslow, A.H. (2012).Motivation and personality.New York, NY: Harper & Row. McFarlane, D.A. (2013).Can Stereotyping Be Helpful? ''Huizenga School Means Business Success!''in Management,''.HSBE Faculty perspective on business. Mellahi, K; Jackson, P; and Sparks, L. (2011).An Explanatory Study into Failure in Successful Organizations: The Case of Marks and Spencer.British journal of management. Neuman, W.L. (2011).Social research methods: Qualitative and quantitative approaches (7th Ed).Boston, MA: Pearson. Schein, E. H . (2013).Organizational culture and leadership, third edition.San-Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Schermerhorn, J., Osborn, R., Uhl-Bien, M.,&Hunt, J. (2012).Organizational Behavior. Hoboken: NJ: John Wiley & Sons. Tajfel, H. (2010).Human groups and social categories.Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press.
ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR9 Westell, D.,&White, S. (2012).Blinded by Neuroscience Social Policy, the family, and the Infant Brain.Families, Relationships, and Societies, 1(3), 399-416. Yukl,g., George, J.M.,& Jones, G.R. (2010).Leadership: Building sustainable organizations. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.