Organizational Behaviour: A Case Study of the BBC

This report examines the impact of culture, power, and politics on the behaviour of individuals and teams within the BBC. It analyzes how these factors influence performance and explores motivational theories and team development models that can be applied to improve effectiveness. The report also identifies barriers to effective performance and suggests strategies for overcoming them.

ORGANIZATION BEHAVIOUR
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Table of Contents
Introduction........................................................................................................................4
Task 1................................................................................................................................5
P1.a. Using Handy’s cultural typology (1986) or an alternative academic cultural
model, identify and discuss the earlier organizational culture within the BBC, as
observed by the Smith review........................................................................................5
P1.b. How has culture, power and politics affected the behaviour within the BBC in
the recent past and today?............................................................................................7
M1-Critically analyze how the culture, politics and power of an organization can
influence individual and team performance...................................................................8
TASK-2..............................................................................................................................9
P2.a. Provide examples of how content and process theories of motivation, along with
other motivational techniques may have helped to improve the effectiveness of the
teams within the BBC.....................................................................................................9
P2b. How will improved levels of motivation within the BBC help to achieve its
organization’s goals?...................................................................................................11
M2-Critically evaluate how to influence the behaviour of others through the effective
application of behavioural motivational theories, concepts and models.....................12
D1-Critically evaluate the relationship between culture, politics and motivation that
enables teams and organizations to succeed in providing justified recommendations.
.....................................................................................................................................13
Task 3..............................................................................................................................14
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P3.a. Identify and explain the different types of teams (you must include functional,
problem-solving and project and virtual teams), within the BBC and why having
different types of teams is important............................................................................14
P3.b. Explain what makes an effective team in the BBC. In answering this question,
you should relate to an appropriate theory such as Tuckman and Jensen’s model of
team development and/or Belbin’s teamroles..............................................................16
M3-Analyse relevant team and group development theories to support the
development of dynamic cooperation..........................................................................18
Task-4..............................................................................................................................19
P4.a. Using an appropriate organizational concept/theory (such as path-goal theory)
suggest how team performance and productivity could be improved within the BBC.19
P4.b. What have been the main barriers to effective performance within the BBC?. .20
M4-Explore and evaluate how concepts and philosophies of OB inform and influence
behaviour in both a positive and negative way............................................................21
D2-Critically analyze and evaluate the relevance of team development theories in the
context of organizationalbehaviour concepts and philosophies that influence
behaviour in the workplace..........................................................................................22
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................23
References:......................................................................................................................24
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Introduction
Organizational culture gives a pattern in employee's working in the organization. Both
positive and negative effects are obtained through the culture maintained at the
workplace in the employee's performance. The culture of the organization will help the
employees to achieve various objectives of the organization. The efforts of employees
are appreciated by leaders and others in the organization to encourage them. This can
be done in various ways, rewarding the employees to motivate them and others for a
profitable result. Power and politics influence the organization in different ways as they
are a major factor to provide a management and leadership quality in the organization.
It includes the employees, capital, resources, time and authority for an effective working
among the teams. This report is based on Case study of BBC and in this examination
need to be done on the impact of politics, power and culture on the behaviour of others.
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Task 1
P1.a. Using Handy’s cultural typology (1986) or an alternative academic cultural
model, identify and discuss the earlier organizational culture within the BBC, as
observed by the Smith review.
In reference to Handy’s cultural typology there are four types of cultures:
Power Culture:
Power culture will influence the organization by quick decision even if it is not favourable
for the organization in long terms. The power used in negative aspect can be judged as
the leaders of organization do not give importance to employee's ideas or work
(Fernando, et. al., 2018).
Task Culture:
It includes the different individuals having different abilities which can be used in a
collaborative form for completion of a particular task. In this culture, the leadership is
distributed to every individual according to the need.
Figure: Handy’s Four classes of culture
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Source: (Tutor 2 U, 2018)
Role Culture:
It will help the BBC organization to extract best results from the employee. This culture
helps the employee to decide on accepting the challenges and perform it with better
results.
Person Culture:
The employees working are more concerned about themselves rather than the
organization making the money for their life. The organization suffers from lack of
management by the employees working for the same organization (Tutor 2 U, 2018).
Culture with BBC
The culture followed with BBC at the earlier time was of power culture. The manager of
the organization thinks that he is the sole of the organization to make decisions. The
culture followed continuously for several years. This type of culture made the negative
impact on the organization. This downcast the cultural values of the workplace at BBC.
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P1.b. How has culture, power and politics affected the behaviour within the BBC
in the recent past and today?
The power, culture and politics influence greatly the behavior within the BBC that are
analysed below:
Impact of Culture:
The culture of an organization makes the shape, structure and drives the behaviour of
the organization in a particular format. The culture of BBC elaborates the importance of
the working done by it making the values of company shown to each and every
individual.
Impact of Politics:
As the culture followed by BBC is Power and Politics. There is a worse impact of politics
on the organization. This culture degraded the environment at workspace as well as the
relationship among employees and senior authorities. Organization’s leaders took a
decision by himself, no matter it will benefit organization or not. It declines the
performance and works quality of individual or the organization. If the politics is done in
a positive way then it will encourage the productivity of the organization and make the
understanding of the employees easy (Wilson and Fiona, 2018).
Impact of Power:
The power in the organization gives a condition for employees to make their decisions
beneficial to the organization. But on the contrary, in an early year at BBC, the leaders
or senior authorities did not respect their employees so basically, they misuse their
power and position. This type of culture adversely affects the morals, the inspiration of
the employees and adverse effect on employees as well as on BBC was seen ( Wilson
and Fiona, 2018).
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M1-Critically analyze how the culture, politics and power of an organization can
influence individual and team performance.
The politics, power, and culture treated in a positive way will influence the performance
of the individual and team in BBC. The positive approach will make a better
understanding of the tasks given to the team or the individual. It will enhance
productivity and stability of the organization by improving the relations of an individual
with team members. The behaviour of the individual and team can be improved with the
following factors.
At the early times of BBC, the culture was not appropriate. The power and politics
played negative roles in the organization. As manager considered himself a sole
decision maker. Culture, power and politics total denotive employees and team
performance. The negative environment could not cope up with the organization’s
growth. Both power and politics start breaking employee’s expectations and standards
of the workplace. This also broke the team spirit (Hatch, 2018).
Also, at the same time, whole sole decision-making power sometimes beneficial to BBC
as in case of good senior authority if an employee makes the good decision no one can
stop him in doing so. That resulted in changing the work environment at BBC.
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TASK-2
P2.a. Provide examples of how content and process theories of motivation, along
with other motivational techniques may have helped to improve the effectiveness
of the teams within the BBC.
The motivation refers to dedication in something to be achieved within the BBC. The
motivation directly affects the behaviour of individuals along with teams and improving
the productivity of BBC. The work quality of employee increases with the motivation
given by leader.
Intrinsic motivation refers to that motivational stimuli of individuals are coming from
inside and it needs to fulfill the desire so that they can perform the specific task so that
they can attain best results in according to his belief with the system. There are some
examples related to this factor include acceptance, curiosity, independence, order and
power (Vilnai-Yavetz and Levina, 2018).
Extrinsic motivation includes that motivational stimuli of individuals are coming from
outside. The desires can be fulfilled by performing a task which is controlled by outside
source. There are some examples related to this factor include the benefits package,
bonuses and organized activities (Vilnai-Yavetz and Levina, 2018).
The content theories are an essential aspect to identify the basic needs and type of
motivation deals to increase the quality of work. Thus, these theories can't elaborate the
motivating and demotivating aspects for teams or individual in BBC organization. These
theories identify the process of motivation affecting the individuals and teams.
Maslow's content theory [Hierarchy of needs]
It states the basic needs of an employee within BBC which are significant needs to
activate the individual's performance. Sometimes the least satisfactory need becomes
dominant for the employee. As these needs do not motivate but increase eager for the
employee to demand higher needs (Fallatah and Syed, 2018).
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Figure: Maslow's Content Theory
(Source: Tutor2u, 2018)
This theory covers the following needs for an employee within BBC:
 Psychological Needs - Includes basic survival needs of a human such as water, food,
shelter.
 Safety and Security - It consists of safe and secure living with the wellbeing of the
employee.
 Belongings and Love - Employee of BBC also needs to manage social groups relating
to friends and family
 Esteem - The member of the organization should be valued and appreciated by others
(Fallatah and Syed, 2018).
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 Self-actualization - Desire of employee to develop the potential of his/her extreme limit.
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P2b. How will improved levels of motivation within the BBC help to achieve its
organization’s goals?
The managers of BBC should improve the level of motivation among employees so that
they cannot face any issue in attaining the goals and objectives. It helps BBC to
promote the quality of work and produce greater benefits for the organization. It helps
the employees in certain manners like:
 Employee Commitment - Helps in increasing efforts in completion of the given task.
 Employee Satisfaction - Making an employee satisfied working at BBC helps in growth
of the organization in a positive manner (Wilson and Fiona, 2018).
 Self-Development - It helps the employee to develop the motivation to achieve
personal goals.
 Efficiency Development - Employee would make balance betweenthe ability to work
and willingness to perform it in time for the organization benefits.
 Training: The manager of BBC should analyze the need of employees and on the basis
of that training should be provided with the proper planning so that all the requirements
of clients can be fulfilled (Turker, 2018).
 They have to make effective teams so that task can be complete in a best and effective
way.
From the case study, it has been analyzed that hiring cost of staff members in BBC
organization is 27% and when time decrease to hire the employees, then rate also
decreased and it is 21%. This will assist in boosting the productivity and by that
functioning can be enhanced.
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M2-Critically evaluate how to influence the behaviour of others through the
effective application of behavioural motivational theories, concepts and models.
According to Hayes (2018), it has been examined that when managers, leaders and
staff members adopt the different motivational theories then this will assist staff
members in enhancing encouragement level. Motivation helps the individuals as well as
BBC to obtain the desired goals. The employees within BBC motivated by
organizational factors will increase productivity by solving general complications in the
task. When a consumer provides positive feedbacks then it helps the company to gain
an increasing graph in terms of profits. The leaders of the company provide benefits to
them so that encouragement level enhances and benefits can be in terms of monetary
and non-monetary.
In the lights of Petty (2018), it has been analyzed that there are some influencing ways
for the individuals and a team of the organization. They have to effective learning which
helps in developing the new techniques as well as skills for new situation aroused in the
task. They have to follow effective organization structure which helps planning,
direction, and controllability of organization are processed with the patterns emerged by
organization structure. Individual difference directly influences the behaviour of the
organization (BBC) as it comprises the individual's perception, diversity, attitude, etc.
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D1-Critically evaluate the relationship between culture, politics and motivation
that enables teams and organizations to succeed in providing justified
recommendations.
In the lights of FAM 99 (2017), it has been evaluated that senior level managers of BBC
need to maintain the relationship with the culture, motivation as well as politics which
help employees in offering stress free environment. This also helps in boosting the
performance level. Politics and power do not always give negative effects on the
organization; sometimes it is beneficial for the individual and organization both.
Motivation is important to promote the working abilities of an individual. It should be in a
positive approach to create a happy and healthy environment in the workplace.
Positivity in individual and groups is appreciated for long terms to enhance the abilities
of work increasing the productivity of the organization. In the BBC, the managers need
to adopt appropriate theories and policies so that they cannot face any hurdles. The
staff members of BBC should adopt best theories so that encouragement level can be
raised (FAM 99, 2017).
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Task 3
P3.a. Identify and explain the different types of teams (you must include
functional, problem-solving and project and virtual teams), within the BBC and
why having different types of teams is important.
Teams can be classified on the basis of objectives of the task given by BBC to the
employees.
There are four types of teams in BBC working on different aspects:
 Problem-Solving Teams - These teams focus on solving some specific issues aroused
by the project. It is a temporary team assigned for an improving the quality and
efficiency. Members of the team share their opinions and ideas for improving the
working methodologies.
Importance:
Problem-solving teams are to solve the problems which can be any type as related to
project, organisation or conflict. The main aim of problem solving teams is to resolve the
conflict as soon as possible.
 Functional Teams - These teams work with the collaboration of different teams for the
projects which can't be done individually. The communication plays an important role
within the teams to produce an effective working for the organization. These teams are
also known as cross-functional teams (Robbins and Judge, 2012).
Importance:
An organisation having functional teams leads to more understanding of work as well as
of organization’s standards. This team enhances the quality of work.
 Virtual Teams - The teams using virtual technologies like computers and tablets to
communicate with the team or customer. Digital working will reduce the time of working
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with effective results. The presentable technique is simplified by these teams for making
the product of the company remarkable on the launch.
Importance:
This team played a vital role for promotion of any product digitally. This team can make
a product and an organization successful.
 Project Teams - The teams assigned for specific work having a speciality in that are
known as project teams. The individuals of these teams are well focused on the
assignment given. These teams are basically self-managed as the procedure of working
is clear to all the members (Robbins and Judge, 2012).
Importance:
These teams wrap up work efficiently, enhance the performance and give positive
outcomes for the organisation. Also having these teams avoid confusion of work.
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P3.b. Explain what makes an effective team in the BBC. In answering this
question, you should relate to an appropriate theory such as Tuckman and
Jensen’s model of team development and/or Belbin’s teamroles.
An effective team is required in BBC to improve the quality of work, completion of work
on time, and considering the disagreements of the team members on some ideas. It will
make the team trustworthy and reduce the communication barrier in between the
members. The working of an effective team contains some of the following
characteristics:
 Clear Objectives - Aims of the projects should be logical and clear to all the employees
of BBC. It should be understandable to everyone so that working would become easy.
 Good Communication - The effective team needs good communication skills so that
no barrier in between the employees and teams would appear.
 Good Leadership - Leader is the backbone of an effective team to motivate them and
communicate with the employees of BBC so that they can attain best results from the
completed project.
 Trust and Support - Coordination of the teams should be trustworthy and supportive of
the BBC to increase the productivity and make mutual understanding between the
employees (Thompson, et. al., 2018).
 Timeline Reviews - Regular reviews are given to the team about the performance and
priorities to be maintained.
 Balanced Duties - The tasks given to the employees are distributed equally according
to the skills and abilities to maintain balance for all. All will get a clear understanding of
the roles of each individual.
The Tuckman and Jensen's model proposed effective team development in BBC and
have four stages included:
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 Forming - This stage refers to form the relationship between the employees
maintaining the designation.
 Storming - Another stage is deduced by the different working styles of the employees
of BBC and they can challenge the leaders as well. This may result in loss of focus and
performance.
 Norming - At this stage the relationship between the members starts to work together
understanding the speciality of each other (Thompson, et. al., 2018).
 Performing -Reaching this stage the working of the employees has taken the platform
and the project is taken under development.
Figure: Tuckman's Theory
(Source: Building teams, 2018)
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M3-Analyse relevant team and group development theories to support the
development of dynamic cooperation.
Tuckman proposed the formation of a team to the conclusion of the task given to the
team members of the organization. On the other hand, Belbin's observation carries out
the team roles helping them to contribute their efforts to the task. These relations will
get the outcomes of the task in a positive way for the betterment of the BBC.
Tuckman proposed the different stages of the task completion within a team which are
forming, storming, norming and performing
Further, Belbin proposed 9 different roles of the team to relate while working as follows:
 Resource Investigator - Help employees of BBC in exploring opportunities and make
contacts.
 Teamwork - Versatility of team members organized to work on different aspects
completing it (Ruch, et. al., 2018).
 Co-Ordinator - Work is done with focused team objective.
 Plant - Tends to make highly creative ideas solving the problems for the productivity of
the organization.
 Monitor Evaluator - Logical options are given with a proper judgment giving
importance to the team members.
 Specialist - The knowledge is given at highest limit to bring out the depth of the task
given to the team.
 Shaper - It gives proper motivation to the team ensuring that no one loses the focus or
momentum.
 Implementer - Efficient working with a strategy for the completion of task conveniently.
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 Completer Finisher - After the task completion it will ensure to remove the errors and
give a finishing to the work making it a quality product (Coward and Rhodes, 2018).
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Task-4
P4.a. Using an appropriate organizational concept/theory (such as path-goal
theory) suggest how team performance and productivity could be improved
within the BBC.
The path-goal theory states the distinct roles which should be fulfilled by team leaders
to promote the team goals. The behaviour exhibited by the leader will ensure the team
to make a productive entity. The skills and limitations of the team members are removed
to improve the performance and increase the productivity of BBC. This will help the
organization to strengthen the teams for working efficiently. The leaders in the
organization will help by supporting, inspiring and motivating the employees to make a
productive task.
Leadership Behaviors:
 Directive - Makes the employees fully aware of the expectations of the organization.
 Participative - The employee's involvement in the task for its improvement is necessary
for the motivation of other employees (Sosik and Jung, 2018).
 Supportive - It considers the guidance for employees for achieving the long-term goals.
 Achievement-Oriented - Leader helps the employees in setting goals and standard for
achieving them. The skills and abilities of a team member are encouraged to improve
the performance.
When the employees and managers of BBC adopt the path-goal theory, then this will
help them in attaining the goals and targets. The leader provides effective direction,
guidance and motivation to employees for achieving goals on time and efficiently. From
adopting this theory, BBC can provide the positive working environment to employees
so that they can get motivation and by that performance level enhance. The leaders and
managers provide rewards to them so that level of encouragement enhance and by that
success can be attained (Nwlink.com, 2015). It will help them to improve the
21

performance and make the employees work on their extreme potential. By adopting the
path-goal theory, employees get the equal opportunity as well.
22

P4.b. What have been the main barriers to effective performance within the BBC?
At the time of working, employees are facing so many hurdles which have an impact on
the performance within the BBC which include:
 All the employees in BBC should get an equal opportunity but employees analyze that
they are facing the obstacles associated with inequality on the basis of gender. BBC
provides more opportunities to the males according to females.
 In the business organization, employees are not sharing their problems which they are
facing in BBC while completing tasks. This had an adverse impact on the
encouragement level of staff members. The senior managers of BBC do not have
permission to listen to the issues as well as does not have any power. This affects the
performance level (Mone & London, 2014).
 In BBC, the working environment is not good in which employees are working and that
is the reason negativity is increased. This will affect the deliveries of BBC as well as this
having an impact on motivation level.
 In BBC, Human resource manager does not have a capability to make plans to
accomplish the goals and objectives. The HR cannot make interactions with the other,
this will be having an impact on cost and by that profitability of BBC decreased and
performance of employees as well.
23

M4-Explore and evaluate how concepts and philosophies of OB inform and
influence behaviour in both a positive and negative way.
The concepts of the organizational behaviour have both faces of a coin which include
positive and negative effects. There are main factors which have an impact on the
behaviour of organization include technology, individuals and environment. The
directive and supportive measures of the leader will make the environment acceptable
for the employees to perform at full potential. It helps in improving the relations of
employees with the organization. When employees of BBC provide effective
performance, then this will help the company in increasing their goodwill in the market
(Moutousi and May, 2018).
Somehow, it has also the negative results when effective leadership is missing from the
organization. The behaviour of the employees deviates according to the workload and
the environment of the organization. The difference in the perspectives of the
employees may result in behavioural bias. The employees having less experience may
lack the cooperation with the team members. This may lead to the delay of the task and
increase the frustration between the team members. The philosophies should be
undertaken with a positive attitude only to increase the productivity.
24

D2-Critically analyze and evaluate the relevance of team development theories in
the context of organizational behaviour concepts and philosophies that influence
behaviour in the workplace.
According to Hatch, M.J., (2018), it has been analyzed that the development of team
from the formation to performance according to the Tuckman's theory will induce the
team in a focused manner. The tasks performed by the team members for the BBC will
get an increase in productivity. The environment of the organization under these
influences will become comfortable. The well-managed team accepts the difficulties to
perform the work in an increasingly productive order. The standards of the organization
with set goals and clear techniques will be improved to receive a high marketing value.
The philosophies proposed by Tuckman and Belbin are being used to improve the
behaviour of the team as well as the organization to improve the productivity. These
theories provide the positive impact by executing the effective skills and by that they can
make the improvements by using the innovative ideas. This will help BBC in growing as
well as assist in maintaining the positive organizational behaviour (Forsyth, 2018).
25

Conclusion
After summarizing the answers, it has been analyzed that behavioural factors of the
employees with respect to the organization need to examine. It helps leaders of BBC to
improve the relations with its employees for the betterment of the organization. Positivity
in the team members increases the spirit of working efficiently along with the guidelines
proposed by the organization. The methodologies of efficient working are improved with
the help of theories and philosophies. It helps in increasing the productivity with a good
environment at the workplace. The behaviour of the employees can be controlled in a
positive manner using these terminologies as mentioned above. Due to weak culture,
the negative impacts like delay in completion of work or failure in the result can be seen.
The team members who have not faced any type of complications in the short time
period among a particular team will get worse conditions in future.
26

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