Organizational Behaviour: Examining Culture, Politics, Power, Motivation, and Team Performance

This study covers numerous topics like society, politics and encourages productive, motivating strategies that help achieve the organizational objectives. It examines how an administration's culture, politics and power influences individual and team behaviour and performance. It also evaluates how content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques enable effective achievement of goals in an organizational context. Additionally, it demonstrates an understanding of what makes an effective team, as opposed to an ineffective team.

Organizational Behaviour

Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................................3
TASK 1..........................................................................................................................................................3
P1 Examine how an administration's culture, politics and power influences individual and team
behaviour and performance.....................................................................................................................3
TASK 2..........................................................................................................................................................6
P2 Evaluate how content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques enable
effective achievement of goals in an organizational context....................................................................6
TASK 3..........................................................................................................................................................7
P3 Demonstrate an understanding of what makes an effective team, as opposed to an ineffective team. 7
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................................9
P4 Apply concepts and philosophies of OB within an organizational context and a given business
situation...................................................................................................................................................9
CONCLUSION.............................................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Organizational behavior is considered an area of research under which the framework of an
organisation has been studied in terms of actual activities. Only with help of this company, their
job quality can be easily increased. Organizational behavior principles are specifically concerned
with the existence of individuals within the organisation (Abolade, 2018). Thus, through
evaluating the rights of people, the corporation can successfully empower workers to improve
interactions and business efficiency. The organizational culture is characterized as expertise and
ideology used to encourage staff to undertake on problems and to function properly. To
understand the culture of the business and the diverse team, Apple company is being chosen
which deals in technology sector and has its specialization in the consumer electronics, online
services as well as computer softwares. This study covers numerous topics like society, politics
and encourages productive, motivating strategies that help achieve the organizational objectives.
In addition, it often includes effective and ineffective staff, organizational behavior principles
and philosophies that are used to overcome disputes.
TASK 1
P1 Examine how an administration's culture, politics and power influences individual and team
behaviour and performance
Organizational culture is the amount and compilation of knowledge, theory and
principles that indicate or direct the actions of the participant helping to achieve the goals. Any
corporate organization’s culture represents the vision, processes, principles, traditions, symbols,
vocabulary, attitudes and behaviors used to effectively operate a company. A strong corporate
culture helps achieve the company goals in a positive manner. In the sense of Apple, Handy’s
culture theory is used to deal smoothly with such an enterprise. Charles Handy gives this cultural
which is described as:
Person culture: There are different companies in the finance industry where workers
believe they are better than their company. This form of company reflects the ethos of
individuals because they are greatly worried with one here. Apple should follow this philosophy

whereby workers are to be given priority rather than company (Boak and Crabbe, 2019). Staff
members report to work only not to get involved in economic activities for shakes the cash.
Power culture: This culture notes the power that only resides in the possession of the
few and is allowed to have a say. These individuals who have control only enjoy workplace
rights. More such transfer of duties is undertaken by someone who has the authority to make
decisions. This also has a detrimental impact because workers do not have enough right to freely
share their thoughts and opinions, they only need to accept what subordinate suggests. Apple
should use this culture by handing over all the power to any guy to make decisions only for the
success of the industry.
Role culture: This culture refers to the allocation of duties and responsibilities through
expertise, desire, and expertise that helps to fulfill the objectives. Employers think whatever the
smartest people will achieve by taking on the tasks and improvements. Apple can accept this
culture as the position and responsibilities are divided among the workers according to their
qualifications and make them feel good. It has a beneficial effect as individuals take
responsibility and ownership and also taking ownership of the process that helps support the
business strategy (Chung, Ding and Ma, 2019).
Task culture: This culture is being used by these other organizations where amount of
people operate at one location and concentrate on achieving its objective. Here, by choosing on
the assignment of staff members, teams are created to achieve goals or find solutions. Apple
institution can implement this as it can help to achieve corporate objectives by trying to compete
with the assignment, it has a positive effect. Team spirit is also decent in task culture, as people
have worked collaboratively by comprehending the prevalent objectives and making measures to
attain them.
Organizational power: Power describes as the aim of drawing one by one's viewpoint
that effectively addresses transition. This is used in corporate organizations where supervisors
have the ability to delegate the role to individuals and have them do required job. Apple's power
model of French and Raven makes use of what influences leadership and company performance
by shaping individually and as a team activities including such:

 Legitimate: It comes from a hierarchical role that can be used to manage employees
within the organization who are operating (Hawkins Jeong and Smith, 2019). This power
is linked to such emotions and responsibility that allows manager have worker job done.
This has a detrimental effect on corporate company like Apple's manager playing this
role and forcing workers to operate normally. For workers, they develop stringent rules
and discipline that became a challenge for workers and they couldn't work properly.
 Coercive: It is known as coercive control whenever workers work through lack of
compliance and receive discipline. This is problematic and exploited influence that has a
negative effect on the actions of businesses, individuals and teams. Here, workers are
afraid of reduction in pay, job protection, and termination, refused rights and exemptions,
which can include working inside the company. When Apple company managers use this
control then it will have a detrimental effect as people cannot work well enough and due
to intimidation and retribution, teams never can reflect the business objectives.
 Reward: This power entails rewards provided to employees for their success which helps
them to work efficiently. This demonstrates leadership' ability to evaluate and recognize
employees’ work success that enables people to work harder. This improves profitability,
favorable position, access to training, wage increases, etc. that evaluate workers to work
further.
 Expert: This power includes expertise and data that enables to recognize the issue and
propose a workable alternative. This power affects individual and team conduct,
including such various types of interpersonal skills, can help achieve shared goals and
teams will sustain great results in difficult surroundings. For using this control, the leader
of Apple delegates the work between individuals and teams by understanding their skills
that help in specific date and time achieve the corporate objectives.
 Referent: This influence comes from one person being liked and others being valued and
identifying otherwise. It can be a major burden that becomes impossible for one
individual to bear. This makes it easier to identify one person’s personal attributes and
attitude for achieving the company goals. This has bad impacts, as individuals can
recognize the difficulties and execute well. The corresponding corporation's team has
completed the aim that administration intends to help sustain productivity (Homberg,
Vogel and Weiherl, 2019).

Organizational politics
This applies to in official, private, but behind-the-scenes activities that are used to market
the concepts and maximize power to achieve business objectives. Workers make policy in every
company as they need to become their senior's favorite and get job protection by operating as per
them. This policy affects the actions of individuals and teams in Apple, as participants who
played politicians get job protection only by staying close. This sentiment has been transformed
into corruption and provides a sense of frustration in the team leading to poor company
effectiveness. This strategy generates the anxiety levels that decrease performance and
effectiveness among many other workers and teams (Kuo and Tsai, 2019).
TASK 2
P2 Evaluate how content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques enable
effective achievement of goals in an organizational context.
Motivation is characterized as the needs, values, aspirations and ambitions that are important
for operating the business and achieving goals. A business company needs to evaluate and
inspire workers' desires to accomplish their assignments. Apple, for example, is a top chain
which offers various kinds of products and services. A most institution's leader knows
encourages its workers by meeting their desires, and focuses on helping achieve the goals. The
respective organizations use content and process theory to encourage the workers, which are as
characterized:
Content theory
Content theory focuses on the things through which people feel motivated. It defines that
the people feel motivated on achieving the things desired by them. The two types of content
theory are discussed as follows:
Maslow motivational theory
 Physiological needs: This includes basic needs of the employees including such food, air,
water and shelter. Apple management board focuses on such job expectations and fulfils
its essential necessities that encourage workers to operate.

 Safety and security needs: This includes job protection, living room, and safety needs that
make workers feel comfortable and function efficiently. Apple's supervisor addresses
such company receives by protecting their employment that actually makes them
enjoyable (Kwakye, 2018).
 Social needs: Every employee deserves to have social needs that are also essential to
them so that they don't feel lonely and alone. To meet business requirements Apple's
company believes that their each company understands each other, supports them,
maintains teamwork that supports to encourage for good life balances.
 Self esteem needs: This relates to self-esteem and appreciation needs that inspire and
operate correctly for the workers. In Apple sense, managers compensate for the
appreciation needs of staff by giving reward and admiration when working which this
helps in building the importance of them that encourage the employees.
 Self actualization needs: This ensures that people would like to fulfill their maximum
potential, inspiring workers and helping to achieve these objectives. It includes
evaluating the leadership attributes that inspire workers and boost efficiency. Apple's
boss provides staff with the demanding tasks and provides them with a significant level
of role based on their motivational capability (Nowacki and Willits, 2018).
 Herzberg's theory of motivation - This theory says that satisfaction and dissatisfaction
in workplace are created by different factors. There are two factors described in this
theory and these factors are very important for every business organisation Hygiene factor – These factors have power to make the individual dissatisfied but their
presence alone will never make people satisfied at workplace. These factors include such
as working conditions, salary , status , relationships, company policies.
 Motivational factor- These factors have power to make the moderately satisfied
employees to highly satisfie4d in the business organisation but it will not impact if
hygiene factors are not in place in the organisation. The example of motivating factors
are empowerment , achievement , responsibility, advancement and growth.
According to the above theories and understanding the motivational theories it is
suggested that the Apple should follow the Maslow's motivational theory which will be
beneficial for the company to achieve its goals in more effective way. If the company follows it
the mangers will be responsible for accomplishing the level of needs of their employees which

will motivate them to work more efficiently and their performance will increase in the job roles.
If employees will be happy and satisfies and motivated then they will wish to do more better for
the organisation and it is studies in theory that how these needs affect the individual in their
performance.
Process theory of motivation – This theory of motivation focuses on “hows” of motivation
rather than focusing of needs of the employees in the business organisation.
Reinforcement theory: This hypothesis was suggested by B.F. Skinner who explains how
workers are empowered and can monitor the effects of job performance. In this concept any
resulting type of action is known as operative behavior. By considering the relationship between
operating attitudes and behavior, Apple has introduced this theory that also aims to ensure
positive outcomes or outcomes. When using this company structure, workers will be empowered
and efficiency improved.
Equity theory: This theory is being established by John Stacey Adams who explains the
motivation path. They say that whether they are handled reasonably or reasonably, workers get
encouragement. An entity should not differentiate in a comparable predicament between workers
that related discussions. Maintaining equality within the company encourages workers to make
fair contributions to business activities. Apple leadership team motivates workers by applying
these strategies in which they pay workers equally and expect proper pension benefits that help
to achieve the organizational objectives.
TASK 3
P3 Demonstrate an understanding of what makes an effective team, as opposed to an ineffective
team.
Team involves combining individuals with multiple skills and experience to accomplish
the shared goals. Team's key aim is to recognize and operate together on the mutual purposes of
financial enterprise so that corporate goals can be accomplished. Group members understand
their thinking and obligation in Apple's context that allow it to perform well enough and improve
efficiency. Team members are graded as efficient and non-effective divisions with two teams
(Ogbeibu, Senadjki and Gaskin, 2018).

Effective team - the term team is used for a certain group of people. Any group of people whose
individual efforts are resulted in the outcome that is greater than the sum of individual input is
called as team work .
Characteristics
 The working environment should be relaxed, comfortable and informal.
 The goal is well understood and accepted by all the team members.
 Every team member expresses its ideas and feeling in the discussion.
 The team members are self conscious about its operations.
Difference between efficient and non-efficient team:
Basis Effective team Ineffective team
Meaning This means a successful team, while
gathering individuals are able to
acknowledge the mission of the
business and offer their attempts to
accomplish business objectives
through using their skills and
capabilities.
This occurs when people gather
don't concentrate on corporate goals
and don't make attempts to achieve
strategic objectives.
Resource
investigator
Typically such teams are energetic
and outsider wherein they interact
with the others to accomplish the
tasks and acquire more information.
Individuals in such a group lose
interest and are pessimistic,
unworkable and causing strain.
Monitor evaluator This type of organisation becoming
self-evaluator who tests their own
success that allows lessen the
probability of error creating.
This type of team does not consider
their job tasks and, by committing
mistake, generates difficult
problems for company.

Apple management board focuses on Belbin's theory which involves developing the successful
team including:
Function focused action:
• Implementer: To finish the mission, the team needs to implement the proposals in this position.
Implementer transforms team values and ideals into tangible behavior. Like Apple business
implementer transforms the opinions and suggestions that help to maximize consistently and
successfully.
• Completer finisher: includes all individuals who can see the completion of programmes. As
people, they have various skills and experiences that help Apple achieve the goals before causing
any trouble. In addition, they pay much attention to little to essential objects that tend to get the
job done perfectly (Sethibe, 2018).
People oriented role:
• Resource Investigator: This type of team has varying capabilities, wherein they play a creative
and interested role. In Apple background, they discuss options accessible, establish relationships
and collaborate mostly on framework of a team that helps to efficiently accomplish the task.
• Coordinator: Apple's team plays this role in understanding from all workers hired in the
organization to meet strategic goals. They have the willingness to relate and stay calm except in
challenges, to operate normally.
Thought oriented people:
• Plant: Apple's group member is performing this position as they coming up with creative ideas
and plan that will help to successfully fix complex issues. This form of group is often self
absorbed, and a member of the team preferred to stick
• Track Evaluator: The best way to test the concept that some other guys put up with and execute
effectively. Apple's team member is assigned this position by evaluating their proposals that aim
to ensure good performance and corporation objectives (Tetteh and et.al, 2020).

Tuck man's model – This model includes five stages in a group development . It starts from the
first time the team is made to the completion of the task of the team .
 Forming- This is the first stage where the team is formed and every member agrees
upon the goals and objectives.
 Storming- This is the second stage where the members of the team start to open up and
trust is built between the team members.
 Norming- The team members start to realise the importance of the team and start
accepting everyone quirks for the sake of the group.
 Performing- At this stage the team members have built enough trust and they work upon
the desired goals and objectives and they are motivated to work together.
 Adjourning- Here at this stage the task is over then it is evaluated and the plans are made
if any changes required and the individual performance is acknowledged.
TASK 4
P4 Apply concepts and philosophies of OB within an organizational context and a given business
situation
Organizational behavior considers a way of reacting, beliefs and principles that helps to
recognize and sustain the likelihood of others' problems. Person's need and expectations are not
always the same, so knowing what customers have and how they're being fulfilled is critical for
business organizations. Company uses various kinds of principles and ideas that aim to achieve
the business objectives. The Path Goal Theory is used to describe leadership practice that
addresses employee characteristics and the features of the Mission & Setting. Apple focuses on
the principle of the Course Target.
Situation: Apple is a multinational company which offers its consumers wide variety of
products at affordable price. Company organization's core aim is to sell its goods at federal and
state level, and to generate massive returns by facing competition. Such firm's teams face
disputes because of potential conflicts. This is the biggest issue that is reducing company
association's efficiency. As an entity, individual ambitions vary from those of an entity (Yang,

Manika and Athanasopoulou, 2020). The manager plays a significant role in solving the problem
including such:
Employee characteristics: Any company institution's management should know the
workforce challenges they face and assign the job to their attributes. For example, Apple's leader
understands the workforce issue and assigns tasks as per their competence that allows it to
perform well. Since workers have strong communication abilities and handle features that help
control the job, they also help achieve individual and professional goals. In addition, they are
seasoned in accepting the difficulties and in managing their responsibilities that tries to
strengthen the working successful.
Task and environmental characteristics
Apple faces leadership tensions because she has personal and corporate ambitions. This
industry’s main problem solving takes a phase and people make find a direction to work through
it. Features are as described by:
Task Design: This assists with the assistance of leaders to plan the mission. For example, if the
mission in Apple is unclear then leadership need to provide the framework and a smooth
transition to working appropriately.
Working group: Team collaboration is more successful in helping Apple's staff recognise and
successfully accomplish the mission of the business.
To face the conflicts Apple focuses on leadership style such as:
 Directive: Apple’s leader must remind their staff in this leadership style how they
anticipate, that they can execute duties, and that they can work with others to help
achieve the business objectives. When using this chief, the task can be divided amongst
teams and a timetable can be established and suggested how to function that allows fix
complex issues.
 Supportive: Leaders guide the staff in this leadership style by creating work fun that
allows functioning quickly. Here Apple's leader needs to be friendly and welcoming to
take on new responsibilities by having support that can help reach their aims (Yuen, Thai,
and Wong, 2018).

 Participative: The key role of the leader is performed in this style of leadership as they
interact with supporters until reaching any successful decisions. Within Apple
background, the leader decides the priorities and communicates with workers that helps
sustain sales and efficiency.
 Achievement: In this style, leaders set a subsequent meetings and awareness and
sensitivity to perform at a high level that enhances organizational expectations. Apple
will make advantage of this by work performed targets and achieving milestones.
From the aforementioned Apple leader must follow the style of supporting leadership that can
assist in finding out potential conflict of interest. As per this, the manager must provide complete
backing to all individuals and teams and should also define the course that aim to ensure
individual and career objectives.
Motivational factors: Apple's chief motivates workers by identifying the aim of increasing
manufacturing institution's revenue. Instead they explain the direction that makes companies
know what to do and where to do, that virtually eliminates organizational barriers and then
government give people to maximize individual and company motivation to work as an
integrated team that helps sustain greater employment.
CONCLUSION
It can be inferred from the above study that corporate culture, politics, power and money
affect individual and team conduct that affects business efficiency. Positive reinforcement and
community contribute to the embrace of challenges and future technologies that enhances
performance. Efficient team plays Resources Researcher, Team Leader, Organizer, Planner,
developer, Control assessor and several positions that help achieve company objectives.
Maslow's theory is used to great conditions' basic needs and equity theory is used to manage all
workers equally which helps to maintain long-term employees.

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