Pamper, Empower, and Grow: Unlocking the Potential of Organizational Performance

The effectiveness of organizational decisions plays a crucial role in the growth and stability of a business venture like Sainsbury's. Employees' participation in decision-making boosts their morale, leading to better efficiency and capabilities. Stakeholders, including customers, must also be satisfied as they are vital for the organization's success. Decisions should be taken after comparing past results and modifying plans and policies to achieve better outcomes. By implementing motivational theories like Maslow's and Herzberg's, Sainsbury can improve employee performance and make effective decisions.

ORGANIZATIONAL
BEHAVIOUR

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
ACTIVITY 1....................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Evaluation of leadership theories.....................................................................................1
1.2 Impact of managerial styles on organizational effectiveness...........................................2
1.3 Motivational theory informing employee motivation......................................................3
1.4 Theories relating to work relationships and interaction...................................................4
ACTIVITY 2....................................................................................................................................5
Covered in PPT.......................................................................................................................5
ACTIVITY 3....................................................................................................................................5
2.3 Impact of organizational structure and culture on company's effectiveness....................5
ACTIVITY 4....................................................................................................................................5
4.1 Approaches to organization decision making...................................................................5
4.2 Management approaches to risk and uncertainty in decision making..............................6
4.3 Effectiveness of organizational decisions........................................................................7
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................1

INTRODUCTION
Organizational behaviour can be defined as a study of individual and group performance
within business enterprise. Further, it analyzes the human behaviour within particular work
environment and shows its major impact on performance, job structure, motivation, etc. (Robbins
and et.al., 2013). In relation to the above scenario, organization undertaken for the present study
is Sainsbury which is the second largest chain of supermarkets in UK.
Further, the operations undertaken by mentioned retail venture is in three divisions i.e.
Sainsbury supermarket, convenience stores and banks. This present study will focus on
understanding the leadership theories and also the impact of different managerial styles on
organization performance. Moreover, this document will evaluate the characteristics of different
organization structure and also the importance of organizational culture theory in developing
organization effectiveness.
ACTIVITY 1
1.1 Evaluation of leadership theories
Leadership theories plays a crucial role as it helps in motivating employees so that they
can work with best of the efficiency to achieve individual and organizational goals and
objectives. Trait theories can be taken into consideration as it is an approach which studies the
human personality. Further, these theories majorly emphasize on measuring the traits which can
be considered as habitual pattern for thought, emotion and behaviour.
Great man theory is the 19th century theory as with the help of it, history can be explained
with an impact of great men or heroes who influence individuals due to their personal charisma,
intelligence, wisdom as well as power. These great men are usually the influencer who motivates
individuals to achieve their individual as well as organizational goals and objectives. These
theories generally have certain assumptions in the form that leaders are generally born and not
made and they also possess certain traits.
Contingency theory is the theory which asserts that there is no best way for leading a
company or to make strong decisions. Further, in this theory, their course of action is also
dependent on the different internal and external situations exists for business venture (Suppiah
and Singh Sandhu, 2011). Further, the role theory is considered as a psychology which
comprises of the daily activities which need to be acted out of socially defined categories.
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Further, each of the social roles comprise of set of rights, duties as well as responsibilities which
a person has to face and fulfil.
Transactional leadership can also be taken into consideration within the cited retail
venture as this theory emphasize on role of supervision, organization and group performance.
Further, it is a leadership style where the leader within the venture focuses on giving feedback to
employee's either through rewards or punishments. On the other hand, transformational
leadership style is something different where leaders focus on changing the organization culture
by implementing brand new ideas.
These theories play a significant role for the success of business venture manager within
Sainsbury should simply the best in order to improve their organization performance and
productivity.
1.2 Impact of managerial styles on organizational effectiveness
Organization’s effectiveness can be described as a concept that how effective an
organization is in order to achieve their goals and objectives. Organization’s effective groups are
those which directly concern themselves with different key areas. Effectiveness can be in the
form of talent management, leadership, development, organization design as well as the
structure. Cited firm has to use skilled employees so that they can perform their operations well
and achieve their goals and objectives respectively.
Leadership plays a crucial role within the business venture and it is more than
management as it focuses on motivating employees. Further, different types of leadership styles
have been discussed down under: Autocratic: This style comes into play when close supervision is needed by some
employee's who want to improve their efficiency and performance. Moreover, this style
is more suitable for new employees who have been recruited by mentioned retail firm
(Inesi and et.al., 2011). However, this style has some major negative aspects as well and
most of the business venture avoids using this style. Democratic: In this style, top management of Sainsbury will play a crucial role as they
will focus on changing the policies and structure of the business venture. Further, this is
one of the most effective styles eventually which help employees to accept the changes in
the best possible manner because the decision which is taken by venture includes the
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involvement of workers. By this, employees will be motivated and they will be quite
dedicated towards the job responsibilities which have given to them.
 Laiseez-Faire: In this style, top managers give the entire power to their workforce and
the intervention of managers is next to zero. Moreover, the employees perform their task
and duties with their own talent, skills and knowledge. However, the head of particular
department keeps in contact with employee's in order to check their performance and give
their relative response when employee is stuck into some situation.
1.3 Motivational theory informing employee motivation
Motivation can be defined as will power to do something and each and every person who
is working in organization requires some motivational factor in order to boost their morale
(Schnurr and Chan, 2011). Further, Sainsbury can implement different motivational theory at
their workplace and some of them are:
Maslow's need hierarchy theory-
This theory of Maslow is emphasizing on identifying different needs of employees who
are giving their productive service within the retail venture. Further, this theory is divided on
different elements and these are:
 Physiological needs are basic requirement for survival and Sainsbury has to satisfy this
immensely because they have large number of employees who are giving their services
throughout the globe.
 At the second level, employees should be given safety towards the job so that they can
give their best output for organization growth. HR manager of different outlets of
particular area have to consider the same.
 Social needs are also of great importance as employee is in need of friends or belonging
from the office colleagues. Further, friendly environment will motivate them to perform
better.
 Esteem needs involves self respect, achievement, recognition and reputation. These needs
have higher priorities and top executives should praise the work of employees so that
they get higher opportunity in coming time period (How to Evaluate Theories, 2015). Self-actualization need are of truth, justice meaning and wisdom within Sainsbury as it
can lead into advancement, growth and creativity in the staff of venture
Herzberg theory of motivation-
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As per Herzberg theory, there are two motivational factors and these are hygiene factors
and motivator factors.
 Hygiene factors are those which give dissatisfaction among employees and it constitutes
elements like job security, salary, fringe benefits, etc. Moreover, employees will be
demotivated if any of the factors is absent and cited firm provide these elements in order
to retain their potential employee's (Butler and Rose, 2011).
 Motivator gives positive satisfaction to employees within Sainsbury like challenging
work, recognition, opportunity, etc. Employees who belong to this category do not much
focus on financial incentives as they get more satisfied when their position or designation
gets extended.
ERG theory
Alderfer developed Maslow's theory by categorizing hierarchy into ERG theory. ERG
stands for Existence, Relatedness and growth. Existence focuses on providing the basic material
and it comprises of physiological and safety needs. The second group in this hierarchy consists
of relatedness and it includes desire which people have in order to maintain interpersonal
relationship with employees within organization. At last, the growth element focuses on intrinsic
desire for personal development.
1.4 Theories relating to work relationships and interaction
Theories relating to the work relationship and interactions need to deal with the
organizational culture on value chain and different strategies which the Sainsbury has opted.
Further, the organizational structure of cited retail venture will show the behaviour of
organization towards their workforce and also the relationship which exists between the superior
and subordinates.
Moreover, equity theory emphasizes on the fact that the distribution of resources is quite
fair to both the relational parties. This theory is measured by comparing the ratio of contributors
as well as benefits given to each person. This theory suggests that the fairness has to be
maintained within enterprise as well as with the employees who are working in it. Apart from
that, Vroom’s Expectancy theory focuses on the relationship between internal needs and the
efforts which are usually implemented to fulfil the same. Further, Expectancy theory is the belief
which eventually increases the efforts which leads to improve the performance.
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Further, in this, behavioural theory has also come into play as this theory focuses on
understanding the behaviour of individuals who are giving their productive services within the
venture. Organization need to fulfil the needs and demands of their potentially skilled and multi-
talented employee's as it will boost their morale and with that they will be able to work with best
of their efficiency to achieve the organizational goals and objectives (Nair, 2010). Working
relationship will also make effective bond between superior and subordinates and with this cited
retail firm will also be able to increase their profitability and revenue.
ACTIVITY 2
Covered in PPT
ACTIVITY 3
2.3 Impact of organizational structure and culture on company's effectiveness
The above mentioned concept is very essential for an organization to operate smoothly in
the market. It helps to create positive environment for employees to execute different business
operations effectively. Their impact can be better understood by following parameters:
When an organization has set standards to plan certain strategies in its favor it creates
effective decision making process. Sainsbury adopts formal organizational structure along with
role culture that act as strength of organization (Walsham, 2012). Decision making process
become faster and quicker as every individual is aware about his/ her own roles and
responsibilities.
Another impact of mentioned culture and structure in Sainsbury is it builds team spirit
among different professional working for collective goals. It develops sense of trust and
confidence among individuals to communicate with their respective colleague or subordinate at
the time of emergency. Interactive communication results in better and smoother achievement of
goals (Llewellyn and Hindmarsh, 2010).
ACTIVITY 4
4.1 Approaches to organization decision making
There exist different approaches which Sainsbury can consider in order to have stable
functioning. Some of them are:
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 Contingency theory approach: This theory comprises part of management theory and it
emphasizes on motivating employees. With the implementation of this theory,
employees will feel motivated and they will work with best of their efficiency to achieve
their objectives (Du Plessis and Barkhuizen, 2012). Further, this approach was proposed
by Christopher Bailey and Sainsbury can implement this because organization has large
strength of employees who are giving their productive services across different nations. Decision making approach- Sainsbury can undertake this approach as it will help them
to make effective policies and decisions for business venture. Further, employees are
their valuable assets and venture need to take effective decisions in order to increase
their brand image and turnover. Moreover, this decision making approach is also
appropriate for solving disputes which exist in different departments. System approach: System approach is an approach where each and every department is
inter-related and inter- dependent. Sainsbury can emphasize on this approach as they
have different departments and their functioning can be left independent on department
head (Dobrow, 2013).
 Qualitative approach: The qualitative approach to research is generally focused on
understanding the phenomenon to have closer perspective. Moreover, this approach
tends to approximate phenomena by taking survey from large number of individuals with
questionnaire as well as survey method.
By considering all the approaches, decision making has the best advantage as employees
will be considered as a part of the family and they will contribute their valuable suggestions in
the growth and development of business enterprise. Further, with the help of this, their morale
will be boosted up and they will be working with the highest level of efficiency to achieve their
goals and objectives.
4.2 Management approaches to risk and uncertainty in decision making
Risk is one of the uncertain factors which can arise at any moment and anytime within
the business enterprise. Cited business venture has to take effective decisions at the time of risk
arise as this will not influence their performance up to that extent. Apart from it, top executives
of Sainsbury should focus on conducting risk management planning as this will help them to take
quick and effective decisions and won't impact their profits as well.
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Moreover, cited firm can also implement risk management planning in order to reduce
the risk which exists in the mentioned retail organization. Further, they will also be able to
reduce the cost of their operations which will help them in generating good amount of revenue in
the coming time period.
Different stakeholders have their own importance within business venture and cited firm
has to fulfil the needs and demands of all their stakeholders (Hafenbrack, Kinias and Barsade,
2014). If not so, loosing potential stakeholders will arise as a risk and will pamper organization
performance and growth.
4.3 Effectiveness of organizational decisions
Organizational decisions plays a crucial role as cited retail venture has to take effective
decision for organization growth and stability. Employee’s contribution plays a crucial role and
management should have employees participation in the decision making as it will boost their
morale and with that they will be able to work with best of their efficiency and capabilities.
Further, different decisions need to be taken for stakeholders as well as they are the major soul
for the business venture (Adeniji, 2011). Further, Sainsbury being a retail venture has varied
stakeholders and their satisfaction is the major role which top managers have to consider.
Moreover, their decision plays a crucial role in the success of enterprise and it will also
give them competitive edge over the rival competitors who are working within same industry.
Major decision has to be taken in order to satisfy their employees because they are their real
assets. Satisfaction of customers is also necessary as with this, they will be able to make large
base of their loyal customers.
Further, cited firms also need to compare their decisions with the past results as with that
they will be able to identify that whether they have performed well or not. Apart from it, in order
to give stiff competition to their major competitors, Sainsbury can see their plans and policies
and modify them for better results and growth.
CONCLUSION
From the above report, it is depicted that Sainsbury is a global retail business venture
who has effective operations throughout the globe. This document contains motivational theories
of Maslow's and Herzberg which organization can implement in order to improve their
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employees performance. This document is also evident of different approaches which Sainsbury
can undertake for making better effective decisions for the organization’s growth.
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REFERENCES
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Hafenbrack, A.C., Kinias, Z. and Barsade, S.G., 2014. Debiasing the mind through meditation
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Inesi, M.E. and et.al., 2011. Power and choice their dynamic interplay in quenching the thirst for
personal control. Psychological Science. 22(8). pp.1042-1048.
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Suppiah, V. and Singh Sandhu, M., 2011. Organisational culture's influence on tacit knowledge-
sharing behaviour. Journal of knowledge management. 15(3). pp.462-477.
Walsham, G., 2012. Are we making a better world with ICTs? Reflections on a future
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Online
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central.com/how-to-evaluate-theories.html#axzz45hRm8NEp>. [Accessed on 13th April
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