Lead and manage organizational change

This guide provides a comprehensive overview of leading and managing organizational change. It includes activities, assessments, and strategies for change management, risk analysis, communication, and more. The guide covers various factors that impact organizational change, such as economic, political, and technological factors. It also includes examples of strategic changes that can be introduced in an organization. The guide is suitable for students studying management, business, and related courses.

Running head: Lead and manage organizational change
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Contents
ntrod ctionI u .................................................................................................................................................3
A e ment Acti itiess ss 1: v s.............................................................................................................................3
Answer to 1A...........................................................................................................................................4
Answer to 1B...........................................................................................................................................6
Answer to 1C...........................................................................................................................................6
Answer to 1D..........................................................................................................................................9
Answer to 1E.........................................................................................................................................11
Answer to 2A.........................................................................................................................................12
Answer to 2B.........................................................................................................................................12
Answer to 2C.........................................................................................................................................14
Answer to 2D.........................................................................................................................................14
Answer to 3A.........................................................................................................................................16
Answer to 3B.........................................................................................................................................17
Answer to 3C.........................................................................................................................................17
Answer to 3D.........................................................................................................................................19
Answer to 3E.........................................................................................................................................19
Answer to 3F.........................................................................................................................................21
Answer to 3G.........................................................................................................................................21
Assessment 2: Skills and Knowledge Activity.........................................................................................23
Answer to Q1.........................................................................................................................................23
Answer to Q2.........................................................................................................................................23
Answer to Q3.........................................................................................................................................23
Answer to Q4.........................................................................................................................................24
Answer to Q5.........................................................................................................................................24
Answer to Q6.........................................................................................................................................25
Assessment 3: Major Activity...................................................................................................................26
Answer to Q1.........................................................................................................................................26
Answer to Q2.........................................................................................................................................26
Answer to Q3.........................................................................................................................................26

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Answer to Q4.........................................................................................................................................26
Answer to Q5.........................................................................................................................................27
Answer to Q6.........................................................................................................................................27
Answer to Q7.........................................................................................................................................27
Answer to Q8.........................................................................................................................................27
Answer to Q9.........................................................................................................................................28
Answer to Q10.......................................................................................................................................28
Answer to Q11.......................................................................................................................................28
Answer to Q12.......................................................................................................................................29
Answer to Q13.......................................................................................................................................29
Answer to Q14.......................................................................................................................................29
Answer to Q15.......................................................................................................................................29
Answer to Q16.......................................................................................................................................30
Answer to Q17.......................................................................................................................................30
Answer to Q18.......................................................................................................................................31
Conclusion.................................................................................................................................................31
e erenceR f s.................................................................................................................................................32

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Introduction
All the organizations experience the phases of growth and development. So, leading and
managing the direction, structure and the human side, in particular, is a crucial part of the
capabilities of the leader to grow and advancement (Jansson, 2013).
. So, in this assignment, the various aspects of the leading and managing the organizational
change shall be discussed with the help of different activities.
Assessment 1: Activities

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Activity
Answer to 1A As goals and objectives are significant for strategic planning because
they have the capability to transform the mission and vision into
achievable targets. The goals describe the way to identify the
opportunities for change in the organization.
With the help of goals, the leaders can determine the market share they
want to achieve or the type of operating environment they want to
introduce in the company.
The examples of the strategic change to be introduced as a result of the
analysis of the organizational objectives include strategic, structural,
process and people changes. The strategic changes comprise changes in
the overall purpose, strategy, goals and mission of the organization in
order to align its activities with the changes like change in the policies of
the company. The structural changes are made in the structure of the
organization to affect how it is run like changes in the chain of command.
The process change may comprise expanding the scope of work managed
by the organization consisting of consumers, partners and suppliers
(Power, 2012).
In the context of people to be introduced to change and make them
accustomed to it, they should not be told in the initial stage about it until

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Activity
they understand that it is beneficial for them.

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Activity
Answer to 1B The existing policies and practices are reviewed in the context of strategic
objectives as the policies should exist to cover each and every aspect of
organizational control and they are effective only when they are applied.
They should be reviewed and updated on a regular basis by the personnel.
As per SAGES, (2018) implementation of a new technology requires the
integration of the needs and perceptions of the management as well as
people working in the company. So, the policies related to the
investigation, planning, implementation and evaluation should be
followed so that the new technology can be understood by the workforce
as well.
Answer to 1C One of the six factors having an impact on the achievement of the
objectives of the organization is the economy. The market fluctuations
which are based on currency devaluations and politics create a great
impact on the achievement of the objectives of the company. Secondly,
the solvency of banks may impact the capability of the organization to do
business.
Thirdly, the natural calamities affect the company in accomplishing its
objectives. Fourthly, the infrastructure of the country such as highways
and laws may either prove disastrous or advantageous for the company.
Fifthly, the market trends and lastly the change in the government

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Activity
regulations can create a strong impact on the company attempting to
achieve its objectives.
Current factors
Political Changing regimes of government influence of
policies and laws which regulate or tax the tourism
business.
Economic The tourism sector also involves the economic costs
comprising of direct costs incurred by the business
and government aids for improving the
infrastructure.
Sociological Since there is the aging population in various
countries, it may change the needs of the market. To
attract them the business might have to advertise the
activities related to travel and relaxation rather than

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Activity
adventurous activities.
Technological In the world of tourism, new technologies are
emerging which are used by the competitors to
attract the tourists. The company had to adopt them
to attract new consumers and retain the older ones.
Legal Legal factors consider the discrimination law,
tourism act, consumer, health and safety and
employment laws of the country.
Environmental The environmental factors are changes in the
climatic conditions. The change in the temperature
can impact the tourism industry (Gregorić, 2014).

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Activity
Answer to 1D :
Factor Answers may include:
Performance Gaps Performance planning, evaluation of
performance and day to day coaching.
Business opportunities Change in the infrastructure and
governmental policies. Introduction of social
media and innovation in technology.
Business threats Change in technological evolutions and
demands can alter the perception of the
consumers. The emergence of new
competitors and unstable legal and political
regulations can also impact the business.
Management decisions Globalization of the markets with the rapid
change in technology can force the managers
to change the policies of the company for its
survival in the market. Managerial decisions

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Activity
to fight a hostile takeover can also change the
policies of the company.
As per Mutea(2013), a feedback system should be evolved which is
related to the motivational incentives of the employees so that the
workforce is dedicated towards 100% consumer satisfaction. For
outperforming the competitors, a competitive strategy for recognizing the
resources which deliver unique and sustainable value for the company
should be developed.

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Activity
Answer to 1E When the priorities are assigned to the change requirements then it is
often discovered that some of them are not necessary and hence they can
be removed.
The agenda of meeting for introducing the change for improving the
productivity and reduction of waste can be forecasting the market
expectations, availability of equipment and human resources and
inventory control along with analyzing the risk factors.
In order to identify opportunities for a major change in the company, the
consumer segmentation should be assessed. Direct and indirect
competition analysis and assessment of complementary products and
services should also be performed.

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Answer to 2A Since poorly managed change can be costly for the project so change
management can be a cost avoiding tactic. The cost analysis can be
beneficial as it enhances the ROI and it is an effective tool to mitigate the
risk.
The intangible and tangible benefits of the investment can be that the
workforce is able to meet the needs of the project for the present and
future. It may also result in better consumers services and work safety
practices.

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Answer to 2B The purpose of risk analysis while the development of change
management plan is that they recognize the probable problems prior to
their occurrence. It helps in the planning of the risk management activities
so that the adverse impacts of risk on the project can be mitigated.
When new technology is introduced in the work place, it should first be
evaluated against the existing work processes and the impact which it
creates on them. So, the company faces a barrier in its implementation as
it becomes tough to deal with it afterwards.
The mitigation strategy adopted in this context is that the current
technology map should be reviewed and the out dated existing platforms
should be phased out.

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Answer to 2C Developing a change management project plan is important for ensuring
the anticipated behavioural outcomes and to work towards
accomplishment of the objects of the organization.
The key information included in the change management project plan is
that it should determine the reasons for introducing change in the
organization. It should identify the key stakeholders and the expected
benefits of the change. The costs incurred and the communication plan for
the change management should be specified clearly.
Answer to 2D It is important to take approval from the relevant parties as it will help in
funding of the resources which are essential for introducing the change.
The coordination and cooperation of all the stakeholders is needed for the
successful implementation of change.
Training programs are essentials to successfully implement the change.
The funding partners should be convinced to fund the training program by
making them understand it is vital for the employees to enhance their
skills continuously and build the new ones for them to survive in the
organization.

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Answer to 2E The resources to be allocated in change management plan are a change
management team, equipment, space , financial resources and technical
support such as project management software .
The change management project is implemented for increasing the
productivity of the company to outperform its competitors. For increasing
the productivity, project management software must be installed to track
the productivity of the employees. Consultants should be appointed to
introduce change management policies amongst the employees (Langley
et al., 2013).

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Answer to 3A For the implementation of a change management program,
communication is one of the important parameters as it conveys the ideas
of introducing change and its reason of implementation to the people
working in the company through various means.
Recently, new voice technology has been introduced in the organization
which helps the employees to interact with the clientele .It has helped to
increase the revenue of the company.
The loss incurred to people involved in the process would be that the new
technology would be threat to privacy and confidentiality of the
conversation. It would also have cost implications and they would be
more dependent upon the bandwidth for communicating with the
consumers as well as colleagues.
It can be conveyed through verbal and written methods of communication.
It can be through conducting meetings and discussions. Other methods can
be through mails (Hayes, 2018).

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Answer to 3B Firstly, there should be a proper plan for relocating people as well as the
machinery and other assets. It should be properly conveyed through
effective communication by consultants. It should be a two way
communication.
The practical arrangements for conducting trainings can be determining
the training goals of the session while considering the target audience. The
budget, time and equipment needed for training such as a projector should
also be arranged ( Drucker, 2012).
Answer to 3C The members of the consultation group should be committed and follow
the guidelines. They should have similar experience and success levels.
The consultation would take place in the premises of the organization
during the tea breaks in the form of tea time meetings . The method of
conducting consultation can be through conducting interviews of focus
groups.
The consultants would enquire the employees about the problems being
faced by them for implementing the change and their choices of the
methods used for implementing it.
The result or output of the consultation process would be identified from
analysing the capabilities of the employees to confront the changes. Their
performance would be tracked with the help of surveys and collection of

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data (Goetsch & Davis, 2014).

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Answer to 3D In this regard, the employees lack the understanding for implementation of
the change and the importance of consultation process.
In responding to this, the educational material should be designed for the
employees upon whom the change has created an impact. Meetings will
be conducted to make them understand the change management process
(Nordin et al.2012).
Answer to 3E
 Action research: A series of planning activities which can be
initiated by the consultants and employees of the company would
be carried . It would be followed by an initial research about the
problems. The second phase would be the transformation phase
which requires the cooperation and involvement of all the
participants.
 Career planning: The career development plan would help the
employees to analyse their strengths so that they can redesign their
profiles according to the newly implemented change management
strategies.
 Job redesign: It aims at reorganizing the duties and responsibilities
so that the change management activities can help in
accomplishment of objectives.

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Answer to 3F Implementation of activities for embedding change is important as it is a
process related to people and they resist to adopt the new mind sets,
behaviours and practice. So, in order to accomplish and sustain the
change, the companies must imbibe at the new mind sets, behaviours and
practices at each level.
As per Kearney (2010) the lean management strategies to reduce waste are
just –in-time which pertains to division of tasks into work streams to make
sure that right work is done at the right time. The scorecards can be used
to evaluate the risks and recognizing issues at the early stage. All the
stakeholders should be involved in execution and reporting so that they
can deliver their best (Carnall,2018).
Answer to
3G
Monitoring and evaluating are vital components of a change management
process. They should not be neglected. The performance indicators should
be analysed and the results can be used to determine when the actions
should applied to track the success of the adaptation plan.
The methods used to evaluate the change management programs can be

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focus groups, surveys with short answers and with open ended questions ,
in-depth interviews .
The methods used by the company to monitor and evaluate the waste
management process can be continuous quality improvement (CQI) which
helps to increase the efficiency and satisfaction of the consumers .Total
Quality Management (TQM) can be involves organizational management ,
, defined processes , system thinking and change to create environment for
improvement.

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Assessment 2: Skills and Knowledge Activity
Answer to Q1.
The organizational change can be managed by using Lewin’s change management model. SO
the three steps are unfreezing, change and refreeze. The first step is preparing the company for
the acceptance of the change so that the new methods of operations can be built. It is followed by
change due to which the workforce is able to resolve their doubts and they act in new directions.
It results in the refreeze stage which supports the company to establish the changes (Cummings,
Bridgman & Brown, 2016).
Answer to Q2.
The components of a change management project plan are incorporated into Prosci’s 3- Phase
Process. Phase -1 pertains to preparing the company for change. It involves explaining the
change management strategy and preparing a change management team.
Phase -2 is associated to managing change. It pertains to developing change management plans
and implementing the plans. Phase -3 is reinforcing change. It pertains to collecting and
analyzing feedback and diagnosing the gap and managing the resistance.
Answer to Q3.
The six factors which can create an impact on the change strategies are competition,
demographic factors, social and cultural factors, policies of the government, nature of the work
force and technological changes. Examples can be emergence of new competitor in the market
and shift of preference of the consumers to the products of competitors.

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Demographic factors may be segment by family and geographic segmentation. Social and
cultural factors may be changing preferences and advertising techniques. There can be change in
the policies of the government and corporate tax rates. Nature of the Work Force can change at a
faster pace and it can have great impact on the change strategies. Their changing preferences
regarding job opportunities can also change with time .Adoption of the new technology can help
in advancing awareness about change management and it can help in implementing cost effective
strategies of change management (Huczynski, Buchanan & Huczynski, 2013).
Answer to Q4.
Since organizational behavior is the way people interact with groups and good organizational
behavior assists in efficiency of the organizations. So companies can manage change by
comprehending the organizational behavior. They can discuss the need for introducing change
which allows the employees to speak freely about the change without being retaliated.
Answer to Q5.
The three potential barriers to change can be lack of proper planning for introducing change,
resistance to change by the employees and complexity of the process used within the company.
As most of the organizations are not aware about how to plan and implement change, it becomes
difficult for them to understand about the current blueprint. Secondly, the resistance to change by
the employees can result in their reluctance to adopt the change so it becomes difficult for the
company to introduce it. Thirdly, the complexity of the processes, systems and products can be
difficult for the employees to understand and it can contribute to change barriers (Van der Voet,
2014).

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Answer to Q6.
The three strategies which a project manager can use to introduce change in the company are that
they must use their interpersonal and leadership skills to listen to their front line managers. They
must try to comprehend the loop holes of the processes so that they can formulate strategies to
change the bugs of the process which will help in successful introduction the change.
Secondly, leaders must understand the insecurity of the workforce while implementing the
change and they should reduce this uncertainty by making a sincere effort so that people may
feel heard and respected.
Thirdly, they must know the priorities of the organization and develop a rapport with the
managers so that they can learn what is important for the individuals and groups within their
respective cultures (Dias, Marques & Richmond, 2014).

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Assessment 3: Major Activity
Answer to Q1.
It is critical to examine the objectives of the company to introduce change. Their focus should be
identified and the goals must be clarified. The objectives inform the managers about its mission
and vision which can be profit maximization along with accomplishing the expectations of the
stakeholders. So in order to achieve them, change should be introduced (Millar, Hind & Magala,
2012) .
Answer to Q2
The existing policies and processes should be reviewed in the light of implementing the changes.
Since some of them can be complicated enough to create obstructions in introducing change so a
skillful approach can be adopted to modify them for implementing the change.
Answer to Q3
It is important to explore the external events or trends so that the overview of the current
practices of the industry can be noted and the techniques used outside the company can be
compared with those used by it and change can be implemented accordingly.
Answer to Q4
The performance gaps, opportunities and threats and management decisions can be reviewed as a
complete analysis of the activities and environment of the company is essential for identification
of loopholes and introduction of change.

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Answer to Q5
It is essential to consult the managers, experts and specialists before introduction of change. As
they are experts, they can guide about the appropriate and cost effective methods of
implementing the change and the areas in which the change can be introduced.
Answer to Q6
The cost benefit analysis of change can be costs related to change management resources,
training, communication, travel, time and material. The costs of the consultants, general
expenses, event costs and reinforcement costs should also be considered.
The benefits of introducing change can be analysis of the three factors which impact the ROI of
the project. It can be adoption of the new processes by the human resource, acceptance of change
by the employees and their effectiveness in adopting the new procedures (Restuccia, 2016).
Answer to Q7
Lack of involvement of the employee can be the greatest barrier to change and it can be
overcome by involving them in the change processes. Lack of efficient communication strategy
can be a second barrier to change and it can be overcome by making the employees understand
as how the change would affect them and how will they adapt the change (Matos Marques
Simoes & Esposito, 2014).
Answer to Q8
Risk perceived to the change management can be risk of uncertainty and the high impact low
probability risks. The risk strategies to mitigate them can be enhancing the current value of the

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project to analyze the level of uncertainty. For this, the performance based incentive contracts
can be implemented. The appropriate technology and skills can be used for mitigating the risk .
Answer to Q9
The reasons for implementing the change should be determined in the first place for initiating a
change management plan. The type and scope of change can be defined afterwards. The
stakeholders involved in the process should be listed and a change management team should be
created.
A plan for each stakeholder should be formulated and a communication plan should be created.
The resistance should be tracked and all the obstructions must be addressed to implement the
change in a successful manner (Pugh, 2016).
Answer to Q10
Approvals should be obtained from relevant authorities such as various stakeholders such as
change management consultants, the administrators and the managers can automatically be
added to the change request.
Answer to Q11
The resources for change management can be people, equipment, material and suppliers and
venues for conducting trainings .The reporting protocols for change management can be
enhancing the reporting timelines and quality in the context of measurement of the progress of
implementation of the change .It would also help in evaluating whether the stakeholders have
implemented the change as it was intended and making the corrections in the system.

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Answer to Q12
The communication plans implemented for change management can be a combination of video
conferencing accompanied by written materials for the managers. They can also hold meetings
with their staff. For minimization of the loss, training programs and team talks can be conducted
(Doppelt, 2017).
Answer to Q13
In this regard the various stakeholders such as employees, change management team and
consultants shall be consulted with for providing their input to change management. They
change contribute in the process by measure the success of the change strategies and the
effective methods for implementing them (Lozano, Ceulemans & Seatter, 2015).
Answer to Q14
The barriers to change can be eliminated by removing the resistance of change by the employees.
The benefits of change should be explained to them and proper communication strategies should
be developed to motivate them for eliminating their resistance to change.
Answer to Q15
The change management interventions and actions are identification of the areas of change,
appointment of change ambassadors, engaging the employees in the change management process
and reviewing and monitoring the implementation of change (Hechanova & Cementina-Olpoc,
2013).

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Answer to Q16
The strategies activated to embed the change are opening an honest dialogue about the
introduction of change management processes with the employees and convincing them that
change is essential for the survival of the organization and how could they be befitted from it.
Their vision for change should be created by the change management team (Ashkenas, 2013).
Answer to Q17
It is essential to review and monitor the implementation of change management strategies. It is
executed to ensure the long term success of the plans and actions of change. Also, it is executed
to ensure to make appropriate adjustments in the change initiatives according to the situation
(Pugh, 2016).

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Answer to Q18
Once the project schedule is implemented, there are chances of its alteration according to the
circumstances. It is to be ensured that these are managed appropriately. The capability to manage
and monitor the changes is an important factor in the success of the project (Hamraz, Caldwell &
Clarkson, 2013).
Conclusion
Hence, to conclude, it can be said that change is essential for any organization to survive in this
competitive era. Similarly, it is equally important to implement it in an appropriate manner.

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