Organizational Cultures and Workforce Motivation

This report analyzes how organizational culture, politics, and power influence individual and team behavior and performance in the context of TESCO. It also evaluates motivation theories and techniques for effective goal achievement, explains the characteristics of effective teams, and applies organizational behavior concepts in a business context. The report includes Maslow's motivation theory, Herzberg's motivation theory, Vroom motivation theory, Adam's Equity Theory, and Tuckman's model.

Organisation Culture
and Workforce
Motivation

Table of Contents
INTRDUCTION..............................................................................................................................3
TASK...............................................................................................................................................3
Analyse how an organization's culture, politics and power influence individual and team
behaviour and performance.........................................................................................................3
Evaluate how content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques enable
effective achievement of goals in an organizational context......................................................5
Explain what makes an effective team as opposed to ineffective team......................................8
Apply concepts and philosophies of organizational behaviour within an organizational context
and a given business situation.....................................................................................................9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13

INTRDUCTION
Organizational behaviour refers to the study of human behaviour and employees in
workplace are because due to effective study company easily understand their problem in time.
In these actions number of persons are gathered in the form of team and completed the task of in
time which leads to increase the overall performance of management for long duration. The
company which is chosen for understanding the organizational behaviour effectively is TESCO
and is headquartered in United Kingdom (Gopinath, 2021). This report will be covered Analyse
how an organisation’s culture, politics and power influence individual and team behaviour and
performance, Evaluate how content and process theories of motivation and motivational
techniques enable effective achievement of goals in an organisational context, Explain what
makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team. It also covers apply concepts and
philosophies of organizational behaviour with in an company context.
TASK
Analyse how an organization's culture, politics and power influence individual and team
behaviour and performance
In context to TESCO, management must use specific models for run their activities smoothly in
workplace area which are described below -
Charles Handy Model of organizational culture -
Organizational culture refer to the behaviour and attitude of the top level management
towards their workers and also refer to the atmosphere in their workplace (Maryani, 2021). Due
to maintaining positive work culture workers easily share their problems with the seniors which
leads their work efficiency easily. It is a model which is followed by organization in all
department for completing the task systematically. Here culture are mainly distributed into four
stages which are described below -
 Task culture – In context to TESCO, management must facilitate difficult task and
responsibilities to their workers in defined or simple manner. In this way the productivity
of workers are easily enhanced at maximum level.
 Power culture –In relation to TESCO, these type of peoples are highly responsible for
taking major and final decisions in workplace area and also for providing roles to their
team members.

 Role culture – In context to TESCO, management must hire those candidates for their
company whose knowledge, potentiality and ability are high for completing the
challenging task in time.
 Person culture – In context to TESCO, management must maintain these feeling
between employees in workplace area for long time. Due to maintaining these feeling
good relationship between all levels of employees are also sustained in long term.
Types of organizational politics -
Organizational politics is basically a process or technique which is used by company for
handle the workers easily (Masale, Barkhuizen and Schutte, 2021). Politics are also essential for
run the activities of organization smoothly and also for grooming the personality of employees at
maximum level. Here management basically used two methods for monitor their workers which
are described below -
 Rocks – In respect of TESCO, management must develop strong network strong
coordination or network with their workers, with stakeholders and also with departments.
Because due to maintaining strong network risk are effectively decreased in their
functions and their business activities in long term.
 Weeds – In context to TESCO, management are mainly focusing on those employees
who are responsible to create threat for the organization. For reducing this it is necessary
for company that they must implement strict rules and norms for control the employees
effectively.
Types of organizational powers -
Organizational powers refer to the ability or authority which influence the behaviour of
various stakeholders within organisation which includes CEOs, employees and others
(Middleton and Hall, 2021). Due to using various powers by higher authorities employee's or
company always deliver best quality products to customers in time. The powers which are used
by TESCO are described below -
 Reward power – In relation to TESCO, management are facilitating different types of
rewards to their employees according to their performance. It includes incentives, perks
and in hand salary to their employees and other benefits.
 Legitimate power – It is a formal authority and the main purpose for using this power by
TESCO is to provide value for their work and also for manage the workers properly. The

main characteristics of this power is that it is written or verbal agreement which
highlights the responsibilities of manager and other employees effectively.
 Expert power – In this phase individual person are responsible for managing the whole
team members and operational activities smoothly by using their own knowledge, skills
and expertise . Due to using expert agent by TESCO, their services are run in smooth
manner in any situation.
 Coercive power – Here TESCO has the authority for punishing their workers if they
conduct any type of misconduct activity (Murdoch, 2021). It includes lack of support,
verbal abuse, disciplinary actions and others.
Influence on team and individual performance and behaviour -
After analysing the culture, power and politics it concluded that all these three elements
plays the crucial role in life of employees and also for company. In aspect of employees their
personality and skills are highly polished which leads to enhance their confidence and
productivity level at higher rate. But in aspect of TESCO overall productivity and popularity are
sustained in market for long time. In every country culture, power and politics are totally
different and due to this reason it is necessary for TESCO that they must adapt these elements
effectively for run their functions smoothly. When we consider power and politics both plays
effective role in workplace areas between workers in various aspects. It includes always maintain
safety and standard during the time of producing product, provide good infrastructure etc
(Ogunsanwo, Adelugba and Obarfo, 2021). Due to effective use of all these three elements by
company their political stability and economic growth are sustained successfully in different
location. In this way company are able to implement effective rules and regulations, policies in
the workplace area or within organization. Due to effective use of effective regulations, rules and
policies professional atmosphere are always maintained between employees and services are also
facilitates to customers in professional and quick manner. Due to maintaining standards in their
service company easily received the positive word of mouth and good feedback from their
customers in long term.
Evaluate how content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques enable
effective achievement of goals in an organizational context
Motivation theory is a process or method which is utilized by TESCO for maintaining
good positive behaviour and attitude to all levels of employees towards customers effectively.

Types of Motivation -
 Intrinsic motivation – In this stage TESCO motivate their workers internally with help
of providing challenging task like crossword puzzle etc. After successful completion of
these task they received various rewards such as prices, promotion and others.
 Extrinsic motivation – In context to TESCO, management motivate their workers
externally by facilitating various rewards such as trophies, money etc. Here effective
training session are also provides to to their employees for increasing their potentiality
and ability.
Maslow's motivation theory -
This theory describes the basic or essential needs of workers which are distributed into
five stages and described below -
 Psychological needs – It is one of the most basic requirement of employees which is
important for live their life decently which includes cloths, food, water and air (PHAM,
HOANG and NGUYEN, 2021). In context to TESCO management must facilitate good
incentives and salaries to their employees for fulfilling their basic needs in time.
 Social needs – In context to TESCO, management are focusing on keeping effective
communication between all department of workers (Philip, 2021). Because effective
communication helps to develop strong connectivity with customers for long duration.
 Safety needs – Here workers security, safety and needs in their workplace are highly
considered by management. In context to TESCO, management must provide well
established infrastructure to workers for doing their job without any fear for long time.
 Self actualization – Here workers and company analyse their own problems and
weaknesses. Then after the effective analysis TESCO used various strategies for
enhancing their productivity in short duration.
 Self esteem – In relation to TESCO, management must maintain good behaviour, attitude
and respect towards their employees and their feelings. It is highly helpful to achieve
positive feedback from their workers and also increased the job satisfaction level of
employees.
Herzberg's Motivation Theory -
It is also the another type of motivation method which is utilized by firm for maintaining
safety standards and encouraging the employees in workplace area.

 Hygiene – In respect of TESCO, management must facilitate clean and hygiene
workplace area to their workers. Because hygiene is mandatory for enhancing safety and
security level of workers regarding their health. In this way the work efficiency of
employee's are also sustained in long term.
 Motivating – According to this theory management of TESCO, must facilitate friendly
atmosphere in workplace area to all categories of employees (Prajogo, Kusumawati and
Wijaya, 2021). Because due to keeping friendly atmosphere coordination between
employees are effectively sustained.
Vroom motivation theory -
It is a theory which is used by the company for encouraging their employees at extreme
level and this theory is developed by Victor Vroom. In this theory mainly four stages are
involved which are described below -
 Valance – Here management of TESCO are highly focused on increasing the
productivity of their workers with help of effective training (Purbasari and Abadi, 2022).
Because employees are the most essential asset for company for sustaining their vision,
mission and objectives in market for long time.
 Expectancy – In context to TESCO management must increase the confidence level of
their employees by assigning various task and facilitating decent salary. In this way the
positive performance of the employees are effectively sustained.
 Instrumentality – It basically refers to the belief of the top level management on their
employees regarding their roles and responsibilities. In context to TESCO, management
must monitor their employees regularly through video call and other strategies.
Adam's Equity Theory -
According to the name this theory it is necessary for company that they must motivate
their employees with help of providing fair treatment and resources to their workers. It helps to
increase the motivation level of employees at maximum level. Due keeping fair treatment by
TESCO with their employees, there are equally motivated and put their full and best effort in
their job. It leads to increase the success rate of organization and their career growth at maximum
level. The founder of this theory John Stacy Adams and according to this theory when employees
provides their contribution equally then the output will be generated in effective manner. Due to
equal contribution satisfaction level of workers in their job are effectively maintained.

From the analysis of above mentioned theories it is concluded that health and safety of
the employees is a very essential concept for company (Rožman and Štrukelj, 2021). Because
without facilitating health and safety employees are not able to do their work freely and with full
effort. It leads to decrease the organization work efficiency easily.
Explain what makes an effective team as opposed to ineffective team
Team basically refer to the group of individuals which are gathered for some common
purpose and also for completing the task effectively. But in professional life or organization both
effective and ineffective teams facilitates different outputs. In aspect of effective team company
are able to increase their work efficiency and productivity in long run. Due to managing effective
teams responsibilities and roles of the company are easily fulfilled in time and also able to
deliver their products to consumers in time. But in aspect of ineffective teams chances are
increased to decrease the goodwill or reputation of between customers or in market. These types
of teams are also responsible for damaging relationships between all levels of departments and
with customers. Therefore, it is necessary for the management that they must use effective team
in all departments for developing mutual understanding between employees. Because due to
mutual understanding services and task are done in systematic manner. This type of teams are
also helpful for achieving company's vision, mission and objectives in long run.
Difference between effective and ineffective team -
Basis Effective Ineffective
Meaning It refer to those teams which
are highly talented or qualified
and also have the ability for
doing any type of work.
These types of teams are
comes under the category of
unskilled. In this team
employees are not educated
and did not have any passion
and interest towards their job
Understanding Goals are modified and
clarified so that result will not
go out of the way.
It is complicated to understand
the goals and task are remain
uncleared.
Flexibility In this team freedom is utilized
only in positive way so that
Here freedom is not
encouraged in this type of

goals can be attained
effectively.
team which leads to decrease
the company's productivity.
Taking opinions It involves members in the
discussion so that they can also
put opinions upfront.
Here group discussion are not
also useful for company.
Tuckman's model -
It is basically a method which is used by the organization for handling the employees of
several departments and also for run their functions smoothly. In this model mainly five stages
are involved which are described below -
 Forming – Here group of individual are gathered in the form of team and in this team
task are assigned to every employees by top level management (Sebastian and
Ramachandran, 2021). In context to TESCO, management must provide responsibilities
to their employees according to their qualification.
 Storming – In this phase the position of each employee are fixed according to their job
roles by top level management. In context to TESCO, management must promote their
employees in various position according to current performance analysis.
 Norming – Here role and responsibilities of employees are clearly defined by the senior
management of TESCO. When employees are cleared about their job role then definitely
company productivity are definitely increased.
 Performing – It is the fourth step in this stage and here finally play their responsibilities
and roles effectively according to the instruction of top level management. During the
time of doing their job role their performance are regularly monitored by manager
effectively.
 Adjourning – It is the final stage of this model and after completing the target or task of
organization team are finally dissolved in long term.
Apply concepts and philosophies of organizational behaviour within an organizational context
and a given business situation
After analysing above data it is understood that effective utilization of suitable theories in
company workplace area are important for handling all types of employees smoothly. Due to this

it is necessary for TESCO that they must use path goal or leadership theory for increasing the
career growth and productivity of workers. Due to utilizing this theory organization are able to
facilitate proper guidance and directions to their workers. When employees received proper
directions from their seniors then definitely company's operational and delivery activities are run
in smooth manner.
Path Goal Theory -
This theory is defined as the behaviour of individual and this individual is comes under
the category of manager or group leader. Therefore, the behaviour of the manager are responsible
for the satisfaction, performance and motivation of workers (Skinner and Roche, 2021). The
main role of group leader is to directing and controlling the team mates effectively. Due to
effective leadership proper coordination are also maintained between workers in long term. In
this theory mainly four types of leadership are involved which are described below -
 Directive leadership – Here manager of TESCO facilitates proper guidance and training
to their team members for doing their work with perfection and systematic manner. Due
to receiving proper instructions from seniors workers are able to handle difficult task
easily.
 Supportive leadership – In this style manager always keep friendly relations with their
colleagues and team members. Here manager always concerned about the welfare of the
employees and always facilitates decent wage and flexibility in their job role.
 Achievement oriented leadership – In this type of leadership manager always facilitates
difficult or challenging task to their workers in the form of targets. But fact is that due to
providing these type of targets chances are increased for decreasing the employee
productivity.
 Participative leadership – In this phase manager have participative nature and due to
this nature positive relationship are maintained with all categories of workers (Skinner
and Roche, 2021). In context to TESCO, manager must take the suggestions of their team
mates during the time of delivering their product to customers.
After evaluating path goal theory it is concluded that due to the use of wide range theory
and leadership styles the attitude and behaviour of all levels of employees are totally changed in
short duration. Due to change in their behaviour services and products are always delivered to
customers in fast manner. With help of using path goal theory all categories of employees easily

understand their problems in effective manner. Then according to that senior level management
prepare flexible policies and strategies which is highly favourable for their employees and
customers. In aspect of employees management maintain flexibility in their office timing and
targets which leads to increase the passion and interest towards their job.

CONCLUSION
From the above information it concluded that organization behaviour plays the major role
between all levels of employees for developing strong communication. Because strong
communication is important for doing the work systematically and in smart way. Due to smart
work the popularity of the particular employee are effectively sustained within company. Due to
maintaining effective OB profit company are also increased in few time and also able to
established new stores in various locations. In this the convenience of user are highly enhanced
for purchasing their product at large quantity.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
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Motivation: An Empirical Study in Manufacturing Sector. Turkish Journal of Computer
and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT), 12(11) pp.4549-4558.
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Responsibility and Motivation. International Journal of Southeast Asia, 2(2). pp.54-67.
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organisational talent culture for a Botswanan local government institution. Acta
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Middleton, L. and Hall, H., 2021. Workplace information literacy: a bridge to the development
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among women in the technology industry. Fields: Journal of Huddersfield Student
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Prajogo, W., Kusumawati, H. and Wijaya, N. H. S., 2021. The relationship among supportive
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change, and organisational cynicism. International Journal of Trade and Global
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Purbasari, T. and Abadi, F., 2022. THE INFLUENCE OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE,
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Skinner, N. and Roche, A., 2021. RESPECT: Psychosocial Factors Outdo Employment
Conditions in Predicting Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intentions for AOD Nurses and
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Skinner, N. and Roche, A. M., 2021. ‘Very demanding. Extremely rewarding’: Exploring the co‐
occurrence of burnout and engagement in alcohol and other drug workers. Drug and
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