Organisational Theory and Practices

This report explores the management styles, principles, and leadership style used by the CEO of Sainsbury in the context of Organisational Theory and Practices. It also analyzes the impact of power, conflict, and influence in the organization. Additionally, it discusses the different types of motivation used in the company to enhance organizational performance.

Organisational Theory
and Practices

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY ..................................................................................................................................1
Describe Management styles and principles of management used by CEO ...............................1
Analysing steps taken by CEO in organizational structure and it impact on employees............3
Determining the leadership style ................................................................................................4
Analysing the effect of power, conflict and influence in organization........................................5
Discussion on types of motivation used in company...................................................................7
Suggestion and Recommendation for enhancing organisational performance............................9
CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Organizational theory and practices refers to study of organizational design, structure and
relationship. It emphasis on dimension as level of organization standardization, hierarchy and
depicts the complexity in firm and its goal and strategy (Burke, 2017). In this report the company
is Sainsbury which second largest chain of supermarkets in the UK, founded in 1869 by John
James. The current CEO of this organization is Simon Roberts, who was formerly trading
director at Boots. The topic covered in this report are management styles and principle of CEO
and functions of management used by CEO if retail sector. Analysis the step taken by to change
in organization structure to achieve better performance and its impact on employees is studied.
Apart from that leadership style of CEO and its influence, effect and conflict in organization and
type of motivation choose in company to enhance the effectiveness of company. In the last
recommended strategies were discussed to improve organizational functions and performance.
MAIN BODY
Describe Management styles and principles of management used by CEO
Management style is way in which manager or CEO put efforts to fulfil their goals. It
includes the way in which manger plans, execute and make decision and manages their staff and
delegate the task. It influence by internal and external factors and apart from that whole
organization is affected through management skills (Capper, 2018). In the retail sector
Sainsbury, the CEO is Simon Roberts who follow Participative management styles in its
organization to manges whole staff and operations management. In this style, manager involve
the all staff and active members in decision process and encourage them to come with innovative
solution and give more information about company. Simon Roberts is very resilient and
optimistic leader that influence others to follow him. It does not believe in hierarchical and
distant and create real, positive energy in teams which make him respectable leader in
organization. IT makes the every employees to give their thoughts, ideas and opinion and
influence them to take full participate in company' s process. It makes employees valued by their
management and organization as whole. It results in increase in motivation and productivity in
employees performance and higher will be the engagement and it improve the innovation in firm.
Principles of management used by managers are given by Henry Fayol to improve the
efficiency in culture. He is consider the father of modern management theory that helps the
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manager in boost team morale. The following principles followed by CEO Simon Roberts in
organization are- Equity- This refers to the treating employees fairly in exchange of hard work and
dedication (Cole and Martin, 2018). Simon Roberts believe in treating equally to all
employees and there is no biasses in organization.
 Esprit de Corps- This concern with boosting the morale of team to improve the
performance of organization. Simon Roberts is a also leader and it gives all support to
team to work more harder and encourage in them to improve their performance and it
also build the personal relationship with each other. Developing the sense of harmony in
them and inspire to not just working together but also working each other. It ultimately
will enhance the overall organizational effectiveness.
Functions of management in organization consist some important managerial activities which is
perform by manager. CEO, Simon Roberts is plays these functions in ordet to achieve the
objectives- Planning- This is basic function of management that include the pre-determined goals
ans planning out future course of action. Simon Roberts play the role in making plan,
strategies and other policies to achieve the target. Organising- This involves organize and bringing physical, financial and other to execute
the plan. Simon Roberts identify the activities, classifying them and assigning the duties
and coordinating the responsibility. Staffing- It involves Manpower planing (Crawford, James and Oplatka, 2017). Simon
Roberts is also functioning the recruitment, selection and placement of right employee
and right position. Directing- It involves the dealing with inter personal aspect and influencing guiding,
motivation. Simon Roberts guide the employees and supervise them through motivation,
leadership and communication.
 Controlling- It concern with measurement of activities and task against the standard and
correction of deviation to ensure performance. Simon Roberts plays the role in
controlling that everything occurs in conformities with set standard or not. It measure to
check and ensure that desired plans and objectives has being accomplished.
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Analysing steps taken by CEO in organizational structure and it impact on employees
In organization structure there are certain steps were taken by manager and CEO to
develop proper firm strategies and plans that will be enhance the performance and effectiveness.
Simon Roberts take some steps in order to improve organisational structure are as follows- Monitor plans and objectives- It include the maintaining and reviewing of all plans and
strategies to increase the efficiency and improving the performance in organisation. It
refers to taking proper steps and action required in enhance the effectiveness and
improving organisational goals and objectives. Establishing the relationship with employee- It involves the building effective
communication with employees and maintaining the better bond and mutual
understanding (Golensky and Hager, 2020). Simon Roberts encourage in building good
relations with them in order to avoid internal problems and grudges. This will enhance
the organisation overall productivity and growth. Assigning the work- It involves delegating the task to right person in order to meet the
requirement. Simon Roberts also work towards accomplishment of task and ensure that
every employee is clear with its task and set target so that it become easy to perform it in
more efficient manner.
 Proper evaluation of outcomes- It involves in determining the organisation strategy that
work best or not for company. It refers to managing the entire process and strategies that
was implemented for the betterment of company that assist the manager to make
necessary changes. Simon Roberts determine the feedback as to applying the
organisational strategies and make sure that everything was going smoothly and make
desirable changes that will enhance the productivity of company.
Changes in organisational culture by CEO Simon Robert in Sainsbury is important as it gives
new shape to company profitably and improving its effectiveness. The change he brings into the
organisational culture is to adopt changing costumer habits and needs. As due to this pandemic
company has faced lots of challenges and watershed moment. So to working towards “new
normal” Simon has adopt this changes in organisational culture to bring new changes. By
creating this more costumer focused innovation, will bring new positive movement and create a
better environment friendly situation for costumer. The impact of this culture on employees will
be in following way-
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 Employees will be able to come with better solution or innovative idea to resolve the
issue of costumer and bringing better changes in organisation.
 Simon believes in building the culture where colleagues get freedom to experiment with
their thoughts and experiences that will enhance the creativity among employees.
 It create open and clear communication in organisation that involves the employees into
the decision of organisational strategies and policies that build the effectiveness in
company.
Determining the leadership style
The leadership style refers to certain style that comes with individual behaviour, thoughts
and attitude (Gonzales, Kanhai and Hall, 2018). It greatly determine the hoe leader is lead it team
and how effectively it is doing to influence them to work harder. Simon Roberts, CEO of
company is using Charismatic leadership style that refers to make people to follow and to be
around to influence. As simon Robert is motivated and optimistic that gives big impact on
employees to follow them. It masters the communication, sense of charm and persuasion that
will provide valuable asset in growth of company. It directly influence the employees to work
and make them understand the importance of organisation. This leadership style will help in firm
in following way to enhance the efficiency in company-
 It builds the confidence in employees in their approach and they will fully believe in
decision made by leader and making better environment in company.
 This will encourage the open communication that make aware the team to find the
solution and it make them to follow the leader with full trust. Simon Robert motivate the
employees to work more and build the self confidence in them.
 It works as motivation thereby for employees if they working under this leadership style
and make them feel comfortable in their charismatic approach.
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Analysing the effect of power, conflict and influence in organization
The Effect of power, conflict and influence in an organisation give various types of
results. Sometimes , it give positive outcome and sometime it effect adversely. The impact of
power , conflict and influence in Sainsbury Organisation are discussed below-
Effect of Power in Organisation
Power consider as an ability which help to make things according to to individual
prospectives. It is beneficial for the organisation because manager have power to assign the work
to the various employees and also allot a suitable deadline for them. Power helps to provide
some sense of direction which help to obtain the organisational objectives Aguinis and Glavas,
2019). There effect of power on the basis of Sainsbury are given below- Power ensure employees commitment - Power helps to increase the commitment level
of employees. Sainsbury company manager control all the employees through their power
and authority so that all the employees show that full commitment toward their job. Help to improve productivity of organisation – Power in an organisation show the unity
of command and provide unity of appropriate direction. Power help to improve the
productivity of the Sainsbury so that company easily achieve their day to day tasks
effectively. Enhance Leadership in organisation – Power of command enhance the leadership inside
the organisation. Power of leaders, provide proper direction to the staff members so that
all the staff can work properly. Empower Fellow employees by powerful decision making- Power of higher authority
help to empower all the employees (Gomes and Wojahn, 2017). Higher management
responsible to make suitable rules, regulations , decision, policies and strategies which
provide employees the right path.
 Maximise the employees experience and satisfaction- organisation manager and higher
authority use their power in a positive way which help to maximise employees work
experience of the organisation and also improve the level of job satisfaction.
Effect of Conflict in Organisation
Organisation experience some challenges related to the conflicts among the employee's
and the organisation. Sometime, conflicts affect the organisational performance in a negative and
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positive way both. The effect of conflicts are generalised in both manner , positive and negative
which are discussed below-
Positive Effects - Social Change- Sometime conflicts help in social change, Sainsbury company mainly
focus on the positive effect so that company easily create interpersonal & intergroup
changes which hep to reflect the latest interest & realities of the organisation (Hwang,
Lin and Shin, 2018).
 Group Unity – Help to evolve the intra group unity because lack of intra group the health
of the group members decrease. So it help in group unity and maintain all the group
activities.
Negative Effects - Mental Health Concerns- Conflicts give negative impact on the mental health of the
company members so that employees feel pressure and they are not able to perform their
duty well. Decrease the Productivity – Due to conflicts , the productivity of employees decrease so
that organisation performance also affected in a negative way.
 Employee Turnover - Conflicts lead the more employee's turnover that's why Sainsbury
always focus on the all the activities and performance of employees.
Effect of influence in Organisation
Individuals behaviour and their responses influence the performance of organisation.
There are three levels of influence which affect the Sainsbury organisation performance. The
explanation of influence level are given below-
Three level of influence Individual – This level include each and every individual employees within Sainsbury
Organisation. Every individual act and perform their work differently like some
employees are happy with their work and some employees are not. So happy and satisfied
employees performance help to boost organisation performance and unhappy and
unsatisfied employee's performance influence negatively (Kraus, et. al., 2017). Group- This level include every group in Sainsbury organisation. If employees work
together in a group then it influence in a positive way and if employees not work properly
in group then it influence adversely the performance of organisation.
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 Organisation – This level incorporates the whole organisation. In this level, individuals
and group of employees are involved and then influence together the performance of
organisation.
Discussion on types of motivation used in company
Motivation consider as a process which create, initiate, manage and guide the individuals
behaviour. Motivation contain biological, social, emotional and also cognitive reactions and
forces that basically activate behaviour. There are various types of motivation used by the
Sainsbury. The explanation of various types of motivate are given below-
Types of Internal Motivation Learning Motivation – It is also known as competence motivation. In this type of
motivation individual are motivated by the process rather then by any reward and
appreciation. Attitude Motivation – This motivation consider the thinking and feeling of the
employees of Sainsbury organisation. This motivation lead the self confidence and belief
system of the employees (Mirza, et. al., 2020).
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Illustration 1: Types of Motivation, 2020

 Achievement Motivation- This motivation consider the achievement and encouragement
of employees. Through specific achievement and reward motivate the Sainsbury
company employees. Creation Motivation – Mostly employees are motivated through their creativity and their
creative expression. Sainsbury company give many creative tasks in which employees
analyse their creativity and then they automatically motivate.
 Psychological Motivation - Sainsbury company employees motivate them with their
internal forces. Employees motivate themselves with their deep understanding about their
values, nature, belief and perception.
Types of External Motivation Incentive Motivation – This is like a achievement motivation, which help to motivate
through some recognition, reward and achievements. Sainsbury company provide their
employees some incentives on the basis of their performance so that all employees feel
motivated. Fear Motivation - This is also consider the specific motivational types that basically use
some consequences to affect and drive the employees of the Sainsbury company into
action. This motivation can be come from the specific motivator that can be negative.
Fear motivation work in a positive way which help to enhance the performance level of
employees. Power Motivation - Power motivation influence employees and change the whole
scenario. Sainsbury company manages and leaders use their power to monitor the
employees and staff members so that they can work in a proper work and in a structured
form so that employees can perform their task properly that motivate them in a positive
way (Mitić, et. al., 2017).
 Affiliation Motivation – It is also known as social motivation. In this motivation, all
employees of the Sainsbury are motivated by the social factors. This motivation consider
employees belongings and acceptances.
All types of motivations are used by the Sainsbury company so that company easily
motivate their employees and other staff member and give positive impact in their working and
personal life. Most of the time Sainsbury conduct motivational sessions to their employees and
provide rewards, incentives and appreciation which boost their performance (Rose, et. al., 2017).
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Suggestion and Recommendation for enhancing organisational performance
There are few suggestions and recommendation that enhance the Sainsbury performance.
Company need to follow appropriate organisational practices which help to generalise the overall
performance structure of the company. A proper and systematic organisational structure give the
positive impact on the performance of the company. Sainsbury company should follow
appropriate leadership style like Charismatic leadership style which help to determine all the
employees activities in a systematic forms. Company should follow talent management practices
so that company easily identify the right talent and appoint the high skilled employees so that
company easily obtain the organisational goal. Company need to organise performance appraisal
activity time to time and also evaluate all the employees performance which help the employees
to know about the current condition of their performance so that weak employees can develop
their performance as compared to their past performance (Strauss, Parker and O'Shea, 2017).
Company appraised most talented employees on the basis of their performance and also give
them specific promotion so that weak employees motivate and those employees who promoted
they can understand their value in company.
Company should focus on the high authority employees and also focus that superiors and
peer employees are not taking advantage of their high power and authority. Company need to
concern that all the high authority employees use their power and authority in a positive manner
and also motivate other and lower level employees. Company take appropriate step to improve
the employees morals through some activities like motivational sessions, rewards, given
employees flexible working hours , compensation and extra bonus. Sainsbury company ,
empower all the employees so that they can do their job in a proper way. Company also try to
improve the relationship among employees and other employees so that all employees can work
together in a group form. Company also need to provide the healthy working environment so that
employees can perform their job in a good way without any pressure. Company should focus on
training and development sessions of the exiting employees so that employees can easily update
them self to latest information and skills and current trends which help to boost the employees
performance and also organisational performance.
CONCLUSION
As per this report it can be concluded that appropriate organisational theories and
practices are helpful to enhance the performance of each and every organisation. This report
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identified some specific management style which help to maintain the productivity and
performance of the organisation. This report also discussed about the specific leadership style
that help to maintain the leadership authority and power and also give employees right direction
so that all the employees can do their task in a appropriate given deadline. This report also
determined the effect of power, conflict and influence so that company easily understand the
negative effect of power and conflicts and try to replace all in to positive form. This report also
analysed the negative and positive effect of conflict and also focus on negative effects of
conflicts so that company can take appropriate steps to make it in to positive. Apart from this,
report also identified various types of motivation which are used by the company to improve the
performance and efficiency of the employees. Lastly , this report also discussed about the
internal and external motivation and also analyse the consequences which organisation can face
if motivation level of employees decrease.
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REFERENCES
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Capper, C. A., 2018. Organizational theory for equity and diversity: Leading integrated, socially
just education. Routledge.
Cole, J. and Martin, A. J., 2018. Developing a winning sport team culture: organizational culture
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Crawford, M., James, C. R. and Oplatka, I., 2017. Developing Educational Organizational
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Golensky, M. and Hager, M., 2020. Strategic leadership and management in nonprofit
organizations: Theory and practice. Oxford University Press.
Gomes, G. and Wojahn, R.M., 2017. Organizational learning capability, innovation and
performance: study in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMES). Revista de
Administração (São Paulo), 52(2), pp.163-175.
Gonzales, L. D., Kanhai, D. and Hall, K., 2018. Reimagining organizational theory for the
critical study of higher education. In Higher education: Handbook of theory and
research (pp. 505-559). Springer, Cham.
Hwang, Y., Lin, H. and Shin, D., 2018. Knowledge system commitment and knowledge sharing
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Kraus, S., et. al., 2017. Configurational paths to social performance in SMEs: The interplay of
innovation, sustainability, resources and achievement motivation. Sustainability, 9(10),
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Mirza, D.F., et. al., 2020. The Influence of Motivation, Communication and The Work
Environment on Employee Performance at PT Samudera Raya Berjaya. Journal of
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Rose, S.L., et. al., 2017. Patient advocacy organizations, industry funding, and conflicts of
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Strauss, K., Parker, S.K. and O'Shea, D., 2017. When does proactivity have a cost? Motivation at
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