Effectiveness of Pain Management in Elderly Cancer Patients: A PICO Analysis

Research

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................................................................................3
METHODOLOGY......................................................................................................................................................................................4
RESULTS....................................................................................................................................................................................................6
DISCUSSION..............................................................................................................................................................................................7
RELEVANCE FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE.............................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES..........................................................................................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
The research report will analyses the effectiveness of pain management and the ways through which can be reduced. It has
been analysed that in Australia, cancer rate is common such that in 2021, around 151000 Australians diagnosed with cancer (like, 413
per day) however, 49000 dies in a day (Cancer in Australia 2021). This is most common in aging population and that is why,
Australian people are suffered highest with this pain. In Australia, psychology, psychiatry, physical and occupational therapy among
people is considered the best intervention that helps to detect the pain and cure the same. However, the therapy is less effective among
the adults and underprivileged people.
PICO framework is consist of patient/population, intervention, comparison and outcome that is used as a prompt device in
nursing that assist professionals regarding components to drawn a well-focused clinical question (Krs and et.al., 2020). This
framework assists to break down the question into four components (see figure 1), the research question for the report is by choosing
pain management as a key theme: What is the role of psychology, psychiatry, physical and occupational therapy among elderly adult
people to relieve from cancer? To answer it, search strategy used in order to find a suitable paper to be discussed. The report will
analyze the finding of the research paper along with validity, limitations and clinical significance by answering PICO question.
Lastly, it will describe the relevance for clinical practice.

Population Intervention Comparison Outcome
Older age people psychology,
psychiatry, physical
and occupational
therapy
Nil Reducing pain among
the patient
(Figure 1: PICO question)
METHODOLOGY
For the present study PubMed as a database is used that helps to identify the papers for the current evidence. It is a database
which is used for biomedical and life science literature whose main aim is to improve the health either globally or personally. It is
mainly containing 33 million citations and highly preferable database because it is reliable and highly influential resource. Canese and
Weis (2013) also explained that it is free access to Medline and provide free links to all the relevant articles that provide possible
results. However, Cinahl is not used for the present study because it does not include many intervention of cancer treatment whereas
PubMed do.
The first term searched was ‘pain management and cancer treatment’ that derived from the PICO framework because the entire
question is related to it (attached in figure-2). In this, 2340 results generated (S1) and then next therapy is added at the end (S2) during
research in order to determine the actual results related to PICO framework. Under this therapy, different term is also mentioned like,
chemotherapy and radiation therapy is used in order to evaluate the actual results which 275 results generated. In next level, with the
help of Boolean operator, additional term is investigated in which only therapy is used which also reflect the same result i.e. 275 under
S3. Thus, in the last search term, only different term used like pain medication, consultant under the intervention of PICO framework