Your contribution can guide someone’s learning journey. Share your
documents today.
Assessment Task 3: Case Study Introduction Palliative nursing care is a vital part of nursing practice. Palliative nursing care is considered to be reducing the pain and promote the comfort for the dying patient. Emotional support, family and patient centered care are also an essential part of the palliative nursing care. Mr. Patrick Brady is a 70 years old male, suffering from end-stage prostatic cancer. The metastasis of cancer to neighboring organs, hip and bone cause unbearable pain. The nurse caring for Mr. Patrick needs to plan the palliative care using clinical reasoning cycle. The clinical reasoning cycle is composed of eight stages that help the health professional to ensure evidence-based nursing care. This assessment helps to consider the patient’s situation, collect and process the objective and subjective data, identify and prioritize the nursing problems, establish the goals, implementation of nursing intervention, evaluation, and refection. Consider the patient situation Mr. Brady is suffering from end-stage prostatic cancer and metastatic bone cancer in the lower back and hip. Patrick was not showing the sign of recovery after the chemotherapy, radiotherapy and hormonal therapy treatments for about six months. He decided to stop all the treatments and enjoy the rest of the days in his home and garden. Presently, Patrick lost weight and experiencing increased nausea and fatigue. He needs more incontinence pads and his pain is worsening and he is clinically deteriorating. Patrick needs palliative nursing that supports him to alleviate the signs and symptoms of the end stage of cancer. Collect and process the information
Secure Best Marks with AI Grader
Need help grading? Try our AI Grader for instant feedback on your assignments.
Mr. Patrick's past medical history shows that he has hypercholesterolemia and GORD. His present medical condition shows that he is suffering from end-stage prostatic cancer and metastatic bone cancer in the lower back and hip. Over 6 week period there was an altered bladder function associated with constipation (Leppert et al. 2016).Due to increased pain, Patrick consulted the GP. Investigations are done to rule out the diagnosis. His bladder symptoms are relieved with TURP and prostate biopsy was done. He was diagnosed with advanced prostate cancer with bone metastasis. The metastasis to his hip and spine was discovered. Immediately chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and hormonal therapy were started. He was on the therapies for six months and identified that the treatment was not effective. Patrick wanted to stop all the treatment and enjoy the rest of his days in his home with his family. Mr. Patrick needs palliative nursing care both physically and emotionally (Sanford, Greene, & Carroll, 2013).The nurse involved in the nursing care of Patrick should concern about the pain that increases day by day. Prostate cancer presses the nerves in the region and causes pain which increases as the cancer cells grow and add more pressure on the nerves. Metastasisofcancertothehipandbackcausespaininthebones(Mustafaetal. 2016).Hormonal therapy is also one of the causes of the pain as it is the side effect of the therapy. Patrick is experiencing incontinence which is due to the metastasis of cancer to the bladder and urethra causes incontinence. He is losing weight due to nausea and loss of appetite, the common symptoms of any kind of cancer. His condition is deteriorating and he is in need of palliative care, emotional and spiritual support. Identifying the problem Mr. Patrick is the dying patient who is in need of end of life care. The nursing problems identified in the case of Patrick are chronic pain that is related to the disease condition and its
complication, Nutritional deficit due to disease condition and psychological issue and Need of emotional and spiritual support. Chronic Pain Chronic pain is common in end-stage prostate cancer which is due to the metastasis of the malignant to the bones and the neighboring organs.Chronic pain is considered to be the high priority nursing problem because pain affects the patient both physically and emotionally. Mr. Patrick wanted to enjoy his remaining days with his family; the chronic pain would be the hindrance for the last wish of the patient. So, the nurse needs to set goals to reduce chronic pain and promote comfort for the patient.Malignant tumor presses the nerves and the adjacent organs which cause the pain in the cancer patients (Green, & Hart-Johnson, 2010)In the case of Patrick; he is in the end stage of prostate cancer which refers to the metastasis of cancer to the bones of hip and back. The nurse needs to be aware of the cause for chronic pain which helps to plan the goals and nursing interventions to alleviate pain (Leppert et al. 2016). Nutritional deficit Mr. Patrick had weight loss and the eating pattern is altered due to the complications of the disease condition. The nutritional deficit is considered to be the high priority of nursing care because one of the causes for the clinical deterioration of the patient is the nutritional deficit. Palliative care is always concerned about the suffering of the patient. But, the study of Bazzan (2013) states that nutritional support isessential in palliative care. He suggests that nutritional support helps to sustain the quality of life in palliative care. The present condition
ofPatrickisclinicallydeteriorating.Heneedstobesupportedwiththenutritional supplements which aid in supporting him physically (Chaves et al. 2010). The need for emotional and spiritual support Dying patients need emotional and spiritual support. Various emotional and spiritual factors that are related to the end of life care are fear of death, leaving the loved ones and home, cultural and spiritual believes and the last wishes.Emotional and spiritual support is the high priority need for the patient who is dying because the counting days for death cause more psychological stress and pain to the patient(Färkkilä et al. 2014).The nurse needs to set the goals and nursing interventions that ensure peaceful death for the patient (Syrjala et al. 2014).The nurse has to implement empathy to understand the patient and to provide supportive care (Pearce et al. 2012) Establishment of goals Goals in palliative care are set to reduce the suffering of the patient. The goals are not indented for the patient to recover in end of life care. The ultimate goal of the nurse to alleviate the pain and suffering at the end of life care. The primary nursing problem in the case of Patrick is chronic pain. Patient express that the pain is relieved and he is comfortable. He uses non-pharmacological pain management to alleviate the pain. The second nursing problem in the case of Patrick is nutritional deficit (Zimmermann et al. 2014).The patient and his family verbalize that they understand the importance of nutritional supplements in palliative care. Emotional and spiritual support is essential at the end of life care. The patient expresses his emotions and spiritual wishes. He expresses
Paraphrase This Document
Need a fresh take? Get an instant paraphrase of this document with our AI Paraphraser
that he emotionally stable. The patient implements spiritual and cultural rituals to prepare himself for the end of life. Nursing Interventions Alleviate the chronic pain Pain reduction is the primary need of the patient in the end-stage of prostate cancer. As per the patient’s wish non-sedative analgesics need to be administered as per doctor’s order. The nurse needs to monitor the intensity of pain to implement pain management (Hanssen, & Pedersen,2013).Ensurepromptpositionthatlessensthepainusingaddedcushions. Encourage the patient to use pain management strategies like recreation therapy, music therapy, deep breathing exercise, and relaxation therapy. Encourage the patient to express his feelings on pain and pain management strategies. Ask the patient whether pain management is supportive and make changes as per the patient’s wish. Provide nutritional support The patient’s in end-stage cancer suffer nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and loss of weight. In the case of Patrick, he lost weight and clinically deteriorating due to disease conditions and lack of nutritional support. The nurse needs to ensure nutritional support through supplements and paternal support (Bazzan et al. 2013).Administer antiemetic before every meal to ensure proper nutritional intake. Advice the family to prepare meal plan based on the preferences of the patient. Educate the patient and his family about the importance of nutritional support in coping with the disease condition. Administer nutritional supplements through IV if patient is unable to tolerate the oral intake (Cuhls et al. 2017).
Provide emotional and spiritual support Emotional and spiritual support is the high priority nursing care that needs to be provided to the patient and his family (Hanssen, & Pedersen, 2013).Encourage the patient and family to express their feelings. Seek the assistance of psychiatrists to provide emotional support to the patient and his family. The nurse needs to be a good listener and show empathy in patient care (El Nawawi, Balboni, & Balboni, 2012).Respect the spiritual and cultural beliefs of the patient. Support the patient in spiritual and cultural rituals. Maintain therapeutic rapport and trust while caring for the patient. Ensure patient centered and family-centered nursing care. Support and assist to attain the patient’s wish to enjoy the rest of the days with his family and in his garden (Gao et al. 2010). Evaluation Thenurseinvolvedinpalliativecareneedstoevaluatetheeffectivenessofnursing interventions. In the case of Patrick, chronic pain is slightly reduced as he is in the end-stage ofcancer.Thepatientprefersnon-sedativeanalgesicsso;thepainisnotalleviated completely. He is taking nutritional supplement as it supports to enjoy his last wishes. But sometimes, he is unable to tolerate oral intake. The patient and his family are unable to cope with the disease condition emotionally because Patrick was diagnosed with prostate cancer in the last stage and the therapies were also ineffective. Reflection Implementation of palliative nursing care using clinical reasoning cycle aids in understanding the situation and planning appropriate nursing intervention. This assessment helps me to plan
supportive therapy for the patients at the end of life. I learned to use empathy in palliative nursing care. This assessment helped me to understand the importance of end of life care and handling sensitive issues. I learned to respect the cultural and spiritual believes of the patient. I was unable to achieve some of the goals as the situation is related to emotional issues. Conclusion Mr. Patrick is diagnosed with end-stage prostate cancer. As all the therapies went ineffective he decided to enjoy the rest of his life with his family. Palliative nursing care was planned using the clinical reasoning cycle. Three nursing problems were identified based on the physical and emotional status of the patient. Nursing interventions are applied to alleviate the pain, meet the nutritional needs and to ensure emotional and spiritual support.Ethical, legal, evidence-based, and person-centered care was provided to ensure holistic palliative nursing care. References Bazzan, A. J., Newberg, A. B., Cho, W. C., & Monti, D. A. (2013). Diet and nutrition in cancersurvivorshipandpalliativecare.Evidence-basedcomplementaryand alternativemedicine:eCAM,2013,917647.doi:10.1155/2013/917647 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3832963/ Chaves, M. R., Boléo-Tomé, C., Monteiro-Grillo, I., Camilo, M., & Ravasco, P. (2010). The diversity of nutritional status in cancer: new insights.The oncologist,15(5), 523-530 http://theoncologist.alphamedpress.org/content/15/5/523.short Cuhls, H., Marinova, M., Kaasa, S., Stieber, C., Conrad, R., Radbruch, L., & Mücke, M. (2017). A systematic review on the role of vitamins, minerals, proteins, and other
Secure Best Marks with AI Grader
Need help grading? Try our AI Grader for instant feedback on your assignments.
supplements for the treatment of cachexia in cancer: a European Palliative Care Research Centre cachexia project.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle,8(1), 25-39https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jcsm.12127 El Nawawi, N. M., Balboni, M. J., & Balboni, T. A. (2012). Palliative care and spiritual care: the crucial role of spiritual care in the care of patients with advanced illness.Current opinion in supportive and palliative care,6(2), 269-274https://journals.lww.com/co- supportiveandpalliativecare/Abstract/2012/06000/ Palliative_care_and_spiritual_care___the_crucial.25.aspx Färkkilä, N., Torvinen, S., Roine, R. P., Sintonen, H., Hänninen, J., Taari, K., & Saarto, T. (2014). Health-related quality of life among breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer patientswithend-stagedisease.QualityofLifeResearch,23(4),1387-1394 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11136-013-0562-y Gao, W., Bennett, M. I., Stark, D., Murray, S., & Higginson, I. J. (2010). Psychological distress in cancer from survivorship to end of life care: prevalence, associated factors andclinicalimplications.Europeanjournalofcancer,46(11),2036-2044 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959804910002649 Green,C.R.,&Hart-Johnson,T.(2010).Cancerpain:anage-basedanalysis.Pain Medicine,11(10),1525-1536 https://academic.oup.com/painmedicine/article/11/10/1525/1866272 Hanssen, I., & Pedersen, G. (2013). Pain relief, spiritual needs, and family support: Three central areas in intercultural palliative care.Palliative & supportive care,11(6), 523-
530https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/palliative-and-supportive-care/article/ pain-relief-spiritual-needs-and-family-support-three-central-areas-in-intercultural- palliative-care/D43FBD98C986952C61B455143572ED74 Leppert, W., Zajaczkowska, R., Wordliczek, J., Dobrogowski, J., Woron, J., & Krzakowski, M. (2016). Pathophysiology and clinical characteristics of pain in most common locationsincancerpatients.JPhysiolPharmacol,67(6),787-99 http://jpp.krakow.pl/journal/archive/12_16/pdf/787_12_16_article.pdf Mustafa, M., Salih, A. F., Illzam, E. M., Sharifa, A. M., Suleiman, M., & Hussain, S. S. (2016). Prostate Cancer: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Prognosis.IOSR J Dent MedSci,15(6),4-11 https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/f42a/8f54015472a4742d0ae48d370316b168e3ab.pdf Pearce, M. J., Coan, A. D., Herndon, J. E., Koenig, H. G., & Abernethy, A. P. (2012). Unmet spiritual care needs impact emotional and spiritual well-being in advanced cancer patients.SupportiveCareinCancer,20(10),2269-2276 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00520-011-1335-1 Sanford, M. T., Greene, K. L., & Carroll, P. R. (2013). The argument for palliative care in prostatecancer.Translationalandrologyandurology,2(4),278–280. doi:10.3978/j.issn.2223-4683.2013.09.13 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4708113/ Syrjala, K. L., Jensen, M. P., Mendoza, M. E., Yi, J. C., Fisher, H. M., & Keefe, F. J. (2014). Psychological and behavioral approaches to cancer pain management.Journal of
ClinicalOncology,32(16),1703 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4031190/ Zimmermann, C., Swami, N., Krzyzanowska, M., Hannon, B., Leighl, N., Oza, A., ... & Donner, A. (2014). Early palliative care for patients with advanced cancer: a cluster- randomisedcontrolledtrial.TheLancet,383(9930),1721-1730 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673613624162