Paraphrase the paragraph | Assessment

1. Paraphrase the paragraph. Explain the difference between paraphrase and summary.
Climate Change
There are several causes of climate change and the major one is global warming. Global
warming occurs due to activities done by people which produce greenhouse gases including
carbon dioxide and Sulphur dioxide. Climate change alters the hydrological cycle which
leads to adverse weather changes. This eventually impacts negatively our way of life as
humans in terms of health and others. Adverse weather changes bring about infectious
diseases mostly transmitted by insect vectors and poisoned water (Shuman, 2010).
Paraphrasing involves condensing broader extract of the source material by reading over a
text and interpreting putting it in one’s own words without changing the meaning of original
source or text while Summary involves putting or bridging the main ideas, argument or
narrative into a statement that is easily understood while presenting the object in clear and
effective manner (Marchiori, 2018).
2. What are the ways by which plagiarism can be avoided?
 Quoting –it involves copying short sentences from the original text word for word
and it should be done correctly by using the exact way it appears in the original
source to avoid plagiarism allegations (S Sreejesh, 2013).
 Referencing –it is a way of acknowledging the source of the ideas and information
that is used in research. The information includes the author, date of publication, title
and source and it must be followed carefully to avoid plagiarism.
 Paraphrase –It is a way of putting a text in one’s own words without altering the
meaning of the original source. It is done by the researcher reading the extract and
putting it into own words verbatim than two words in a row. In case of use of two
words together, quotation marks are used (Alvin C. Burns, 2013).
 Citing your own text- it involves revising through the materials the materials used in
the research and treat it the same way as the other secondary sources and this will
help to avoid self-plagiarism which is not acceptable.

 Cite – it refers to evidence for an argument or statement. It is an appropriate way to
avoid plagiarism but you must follow the document formatting guides used by the
institution that is responsible for the research and usually includes the author and the
date of publication of the information (Joy Egbert, 2013).
3. Distinguish between technical report and long report.
A technical report is a document written by the researcher detailing information on the
process, progress and the results of scientific or technical research problem and
recommendations and conclusion of the research while long report is a type of report that
entails a clear problem that is currently under study, point of view for the problem, set of
ways to be used to evaluate the possible solution and possible solution to be compared
(David Blakesley, 2011).
4. Briefly explain the different component of research report.
a) Abstract –it is a brief overview of the research article, thesis and review, of particular
subject of study and it constutes of two to four paragraphs in the length (Clifton F.
Conrad, 2011).
b) Introduction- it is a beginning section that provides the main issue that the researcher
is attempting is answer which states the purpose and goals of the research and it
describes the scope of the document by giving the brief explanation and summary of
the document thus the reader can have the idea communicated before actually starting
reading the whole text (Q. Ashton Acton, 2012).
c) Methodology- it is section of the research report that involves the systematic and
theoretical analysis method applied to field of study and comprises of theoretical
analysis of the body of the methods and principles associated with the research.
d) Results- is a section of research report that gives the findings of the research based
upon the given method applied in gathering of the information .it states the finding in
logical sequence and also generating your own research.
e) Discussion - In the discussion part, the findings and results of research report are
interpreted, evaluated and examined and this is done basing the argument while